Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese tem por objeto textos que se voltam para o homem: o cinema trágico- poético de Pier Paolo Pasolini e as tragédias gregas clássicas. Este autor de cinema se debruçou sobre os textos trágicos, pois via neles um fundamento político, ou seja, a superação pela razão de um passado arcaico do homem, que gerava sua incerteza existencial. Primeiramente, tendo traduzido a Oréstia, de Ésquilo, o diretor italiano identificou nesse texto aquilo que ele, como humanista que era, desejava fosse alcançado pelo homem moderno: a superação do medo causado pelo irracional que sempre habitou a mente humana. Esta interpretação da Oréstia, aliada às convicções previamente firmadas pelo diretor e poeta a capacidade dos ingênuos de formar uma nova ideologia e a persistência no homem moderno de certa irracionalidade domada pela razão levou à realização do filme Appunti per unOrestiade africana (1967), um filme otimista quanto ao triunfo da razão. Tendo feito esses apontamentos, Pasolini jamais rodaria seu filme sobre a Oréstia, passando a uma perspectiva pessimista, com a filmagem de Medeia (1969), cuja frase final da personagem- título Nada mais é possível doravante aponta para Salò, o último filme que ele realizou, marcado pela desesperança, pouco antes de morrer assassinado. Édipo Rei (1967) foi o primeiro dos filmes trágicos e o mais mítico deles. Neste último ainda persistem as convicções de Pasolini apontadas acima, o que o identifica com Accattone (1961), conforme declarou o próprio diretor, e indica também a linha da análise crítica realizada nesta tese. Com base na crítica especializada (Canevacci e Fusillo) foi possível demonstrar a peculiar adaptação do trágico ancestral ao cinema de poesia pasoliniano, através de uma filmografia ideologicamente infensa a concessões à indústria cultural / The objects of the present work are texts about Man: the tragic-poetic cinema of Pier Paolo Pasolini and the classical Greek tragedies. That cinema author dedicated much attention to tragic texts, in which he saw a political foundation: the overcoming, by reason, of mans archaic past, which caused his existential uncertainty. After having translated Aeschyluss Oresteia, the Italian director identified in this text what he, as a humanist, hoped that modern man would achieve: the overcoming of the fear caused by the irrational that has always dwelt in the human mind. This interpretation of the Oresteia, coupled with other convictions held by the poet/director that the naïve could form a new ideology, and the persistency, in modern man, of rationally-tamed irrationality led him to film Appunti per unOrestiade africana (1967), an optimistic film as concerns the triumph of reason. After having taken down the notes, Pasolini would never come to make the Oresteia film, but moved on towards a pessimistic perspective my filming Medea (1969), the last sentence of which, said by the protagonist Nothing is possible any longer points towards Salò, his last film, as he was murdered shortly afterwards. Oedipus Rex (1967) was the first of his tragic films, and the most mythical of all. In it, some of Pasolinis early convictions mentioned above can be seen to persist, so that, in a sense, Oedipus Rex is evocative of Accattone (1961), as, in fact, has been confirmed by the director himself. The critical approach taken in the present work has been inspired on this. By resorting to specialized criticism (Canevacci, Fusillo) it was possible to demonstrate the peculiar adaptation of the ancestral tragic that takes place in Pasolinis poetry cinema by means of a filmography that remained ideologically contrary to concessions to the culture industry

Lors de la préparation de L’Évangile selon Matthieu (1964), Pier Paolo Pasolini indique dans une lettre au théologien Lucio Caruso qu’il ne souhaite pas adapter le texte biblique mais le « traduire fidèlement en images ». Adapter une œuvre littéraire pour le grand écran consiste généralement à en extraire un « contenu » à partir duquel un scénario sera développé. Or, c’est à l’œuvre matthéenne que le cinéaste souhaite nous ramener, non à l’histoire du Christ. Il va ainsi s’attacher à traduire la poésie du texte au moyen du cinéma. Le concept de traduction auquel Pasolini fait appel ne désigne-t-il pas un mode de relation aux œuvres dont pourraient relever d’autres films réalisés à partir de sources écrites ? C’est ce que cette thèse entend vérifier en rapprochant l’expérience de L’Évangile du travail entrepris par Danièle Huillet et Jean-Marie Straub à partir de plusieurs textes et de la relation entretenue par le cinéma de Béla Tarr aux écrits de László Krasznahorkai. À travers ces démarches apparaît la possibilité d’une altération formelle du film par le texte. Elles nous font passer du régime de la translation, qui sous-tend la majorité des théories de l’adaptation, à ceux de la reprise et de la métamorphose. Que ce concept de traduction puisse éclairer certains aspects de la pratique cinématographique, c’est ce que je chercherai simultanément à démontrer. La vision d’un film tient d’une énonciation continue où s’éprouve la langue. Aussi, envisager le cinéma comme un espace traductif, c’est y voir un lieu possible de redistribution des positions et de reconfiguration des énoncés. Cette poétique du traduire est une politique, qui engage une conception de la création artistique. / During the preparation of The Gospel According to Matthew (1964), Pier Pasolini stated in a letter to theologian Lucio Caruso that he did not want to adapt the biblical text, but wished to “translate [it] faithfully into images”. To adapt a literary work onto the big screen usually consists in extracting out of it a “content” from which a script can then be developed. But Pasolini’s intent was to take us back to the text of the gospel, not to the story of Christ – hence his endeavour to translate the text’s poetry by means of cinema. The concept of translation invoked by Pasolini denotes a certain mode of relationship to a given work. Could this mode pertain to other films derived from written sources? This is what will be investigated in this thesis, by bringing together the experience of The Gospel According to Matthew and two other approaches: on the one hand, the works by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub based on various texts; on the other hand, the relationship between Béla Tarr’s cinema and László Krasznahorkai’s writings. Through these processes emerges the idea of a possible alteration of the film’s form by the text. From the rule of translation, which underlies most of the theories of adaptation, we move to the rule of reprise and metamorphosis. I will also try to demonstrate that this concept of traduction can shed light on some aspects of the practice of filmmaking. The viewing of a film is a continuous enunciation where the language is being experienced. Therefore, to consider cinema as a translative space is to perceive it as a place where positions can be dealt anew and utterances reshaped. This translative poetics is actually a politics, and one which affects our conception of artistic creation.

Ma thèse s'intitule “Le mythe de Médée. De Euripide à Pier Paolo Pasolini et Christa Wolf”. Il s'agit d'une analyse comparatiste, dans le but de démontrer les liens existants entre l'écriture – ou bien la réécriture – et les événements culturels et politiques du pays des deux auteurs. Dans le cas spécifique, la comparaison est axée sur le film de Pasolini (1969) et le roman de Christa Wolf (1996), deux textes que j'ai considéré comme particulièrement significatifs en raison de la biographie des deux auteurs et du moment historique dans lequel ces ouvrages furent élaborée. En effet, ma thèse ne se veut pas comme un travail exclusivement littéraire, avec une analyse des éléments esthétiques et stylistiques des textes, mais j'ai cherché d'élaborer un discours qui touche aussi les aspects historiques et les processus liés à la réélaboration du mythe de Médée. J'ai structuré ma thèse dans deux chapitres parallèles, pour mieux permettre la comparaison entre les deux ouvrages. Après une partie dédiée aux points de rupture biographique (par. 1), je me suis concentrée sur l'analyse de la réécriture du mythe. J'ai prêté une attention particulière aux conditions sociopolitiques de l'Allemagne et de l'Italie à la sortie du film et du roman, pour passer enfin à l'analyse des sources littéraires, notamment celles du domaine anthropologique - Pasolini - et féministes – Wolf – en démontrant la stratification complexe qui est à la base d'une réélaboration du mythe. ( par. 2) En deuxième lieu, une longue partie de la thèse est dédiée à l'analyse détaillée du film de Pasolini et du roman de Christa Wolf, en concentrant l'attention sur les aspects originels apportés par les deux auteurs ainsi qu'à l'élaboration d'une poétique liée aux changements culturels et politiques de leurs temps (par. 3). Enfin, j'ai consacrée une partie à la réception, en montrant jusqu'à quels point les troubles de la société finissent pour altérer une lecture objective de l'œuvre (par. 4). Le dernier chapitre porte enfin sur les œuvres qui suivirent la publication de Médée, en montrant comment la réélaboration de ce mythe a influencé le travail dans les années suivants. (par. 5) La partie sur la "Medea" de Pier Paolo Pasolini a été rédigée en français, celle sur "Medea.Stimmen" en italien. / My thesis is titled “The Myth of Medea. From Euripide to Pier Paolo Pasolini and Christa Wolf”. The work is a comparative analysis with the purpose of establishing links between the writings - better called rewritings - and political as much as cultural events in the countries of the two modern authors. My thesis focuses on the comparison between the movie by Pasolini (1969) and the novel by Christa Wolf (1996): I consider the two texts very meaningful because of their close connection with both biography of the authors and the historical moment in which the works have been developed.In fact, the work in my thesis does not only concern a literary analysis from an aesthetic and stilistic point of view, but I tried, moreover, to deepen those historical and political events that generated the re-elaboration of Euripide's myth of Medea.I wanted to structure my research in two parallel parts, in order to allow a better comparison between the two works. After a section dedicated to the biographies of the authors (Chapter 1), I focused my study on the actual rewriting of the myth. A particular care was given to the socio-political context in Germany and Italy in the times of release of the novel and the movie, and I afterwards payed a particular attention on the analysis of literary sources: above all in the anthropological field as concerning Pasolini, and feminist one for Christa Wolf, to demonstrate the complex stratification which is the foundation of a re-elaboration of myth (Ch. 2). Secondly, a substantial section of my thesis is dedicated to a detailed analysis of the movie by Pasolini and the novel by Christa Wolf, with an attention on the innovative aspects brought by the two authors, as well as to a poetic linked to political and cultural changes (Ch. 3). I dedicated a special part to the reception of the two works, showing how deep social and political troubles of then were a distort point of view on the works (Ch. 4). The last chapter, finally, analyze the works after the releas of Medea, proving how those re-elaborations of myth influenced the works in the following years (Ch. 5). The part concerning “Medea” by Pier Paolo Pasolin was written in French, while the part on Christa Wolf's “Medea. Stimmen” is in Italian.

Este trabalho apresenta a tradução comentada da língua italiana para o português de uma seleção das crônicas publicadas pelo escritor e cineasta italiano Pier Paolo Pasolini em sua coluna semanal na revista Vie Nuove, órgão oficial do Partido Comunista Italiano, entre os anos de 1960 e 1965. As crônicas foram divididas em três blocos temáticos: Literatura, Cultura e Política e Sociedade. Uma introdução ensaística acompanha a tradução comentada. / This thesis presents a commented translation from Italian to Portuguese language of a selection of chronicles published by the Italian writer and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini on the weekly magazine Vie Nuove, official media of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), between 1960 and 1965. The chronicles are divided into three thematic groups: Literature, Culture and Politic and Society. An essayist introduction opens the commented translation.

Este trabalho apresenta a tradução comentada da língua italiana para o português de uma seleção das crônicas publicadas pelo escritor e cineasta italiano Pier Paolo Pasolini em sua coluna semanal na revista Vie Nuove, órgão oficial do Partido Comunista Italiano, entre os anos de 1960 e 1965. As crônicas foram divididas em três blocos temáticos: Literatura, Cultura e Política e Sociedade. Uma introdução ensaística acompanha a tradução comentada. / This thesis presents a commented translation from Italian to Portuguese language of a selection of chronicles published by the Italian writer and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini on the weekly magazine Vie Nuove, official media of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), between 1960 and 1965. The chronicles are divided into three thematic groups: Literature, Culture and Politic and Society. An essayist introduction opens the commented translation.

Autour de 1968, le théâtre, confronté à l’exigence de contemporanéité posée par les mouvements de contestation et au développement sans précédent des médias de la culture de masse, connaît une période intense de problématisation de sa puissance politique. Du fait même de sa marginalisation dans l’espace social, le théâtre devient une hétérotopie, c’est-à-dire un genre d’utopie effectivement réalisée : il oppose sa disposition communautaire à la masse indistincte des consommateurs, un discours de vérité aux mensonges des sociétés capitalistes et autoritaires, l’exposition d’une expérience authentique aux simulacres spectaculaires. Les pratiques théâtrales de Pasolini et de Fassbinder semblent participer de ce mouvement hétérotopique : les deux auteurs présentent le théâtre comme un art irréductible aux jeux du pouvoir, de la consommation et du spectacle. Pourtant ces pratiques apparaissent en déphasage avec les œuvres phares de ce moment théâtral. Cette thèse se propose d’envisager les trois types d’inactualité qui les caractérisent : inactualité thématique (leur rapport conflictuel aux mouvements contestataires étudiants ou gauchistes), inactualité esthétique (le choix de la parole au moment du règne scénique des corps, le primat accordé à la vie affective au détriment de sujets ouvertement politiques), inactualité « ontologique » (la minoration des effets de présence des corps scéniques). Pour cela, elle cherche à mettre en évidence les reprises de motifs centraux de la pratique théâtrale hétérotopique, mais aussi les déplacements qu’ils subissent dans les œuvres dramatiques et scéniques des deux auteurs. / Around 1968, the theatre, confronted with the requirements of contemporaneousness laid down by the protest movements and with the unprecedented development of the medias of mass culture, experiences an intense period of problematisation of its political power. Owing to its marginalization in the social space, the theatre becomes a heterotopia that is a kind of utopia actually achieved: it opposes its community tendency to the indistinct mass of consumers, a speech of truth to the lies of capitalistic and authoritarian societies, the display of a genuine experiment to spectacular simulacra. Pasolini’s and Fassbinder’s theatrical practices seem to be part of this heterotopical movement: both authors present the theatre as an art that withstands the games of power, of consumption and spectacle. Yet there seems to be a gap between these practices and the landmark works of the theatrical time. This thesis intends to consider the three types of unactuality that define them: thematic unactuality (their antagonistic relationships with the protest movements), aesthetic unactuality (the choice of the words whereas the bodies are preponderant on stage; the primacy given to the affective life rather than more evident political subjects), ontological unactuality (by reducing the effects of presence of the scenic bodies). Therefore, it tries to expound the repetition but also the redefinition of the important motifs of the theatrical heterotopical practice in the dramatic works and the performances of the two artists.

Pier Paolo Pasolini is one of the most important but also most misunderstood Italian artists and intellectuals of last century, a cultural and artistic myth often understood and used in excessively sectorial or expedient ways. This dissertation defines and explores Pasolini's carefully constructed authorial apparatus, in the sense attributed to this term by Michael Foucault. It argues that Pasolini's authorial apparatus is a labyrinthine subjective construction, which functions within the gigantic interdisciplinary macro-structure of Pasolini's body of work, demanding from its audience a comprehensive reading. Pasolini's authorial apparatus is deconstructed in this dissertation while following the making of Pasolini's incredibly complex body of work, which, crossing medium and disciplinary boundaries, includes poetry, narrative, film, but also theater, essays and even painting.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2007. / Bibliogr.: f. [113]-119. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Zugl.: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2005

Cette thèse prend son point de départ d'une théorie élaborée par Linda Hutcheon. Elle propose que la métafiction est souvent exploitée à travers quatre genres. L’un deux est l'érotisme. Ainsi, à partir de cette idée, cet ouvrage va examiner plus profondément les liens et les implications entre ce concept de la métafiction, qui sera revu et résumé, et l'érotisme. Les trois romans choisis, A Sport and a Pastime de James Salter, Teorema de Pier Paolo Pasolini et Trou de mémoire de Hubert Aquin, serviront de lieux d'analyse afin de révéler le rapport étroit qu'entretiennent la métafiction et l'érotisme. / This thesis takes as its point of departure a theory elaborated by Linda Hutcheon. She proposes that metafiction is often made use of across four genres. One of these is eroticism. Thus, starting from this point, this work will examine in greater detail the ties and the implications inherent in this concept of metafiction -- which will be reviewed and summarized -- and eroticism. The three selected novels, A Sport and a Pastime by James Salter, Teorema by Pier Paolo Pasolini and Trou de mémoire by Hubert Aquin, will serve as sites of analysis with a view to reveal the intimate connection that is fostered by metafiction and eroticism.