This work is focused on laboratory studies of ion chemistry at conditions relevant for astrophysics. The three main outcomes of the thesis are: (1) The experimental study of the reaction rate coefficient of the associative detachment reaction H- + H -> H2 + e-; measurement of the thermal rate coefficient at the temperatures in the range 10-135 K is described. (2) The design of a novel apparatus for detecting the electrons produced in the RF trap and measuring their energy; numerical simulations and preliminary experimental results are presented. (3) The development of a model of the electron cooling in the afterglow plasma and the application of the model in the analysis of the H3+ recombination measurements.

Notre travail propose une approche sociologique du processus de recomposition identitaire au Brésil à l'époque Lula. Nous considérons que cette période entraine une dynamique reconstructive du passé esclavagiste déterminée par de nouvelles conditions d'émergence des souvenirs. Cela conduit à la construction d'un nouveau « cadre » mémoriel, d'une substitution de l'idée d'un Brésil métissé à la brésilienne, dont l'assimilation culturelle des afro-descendants est le pilier, par l'idée d'un Brésil fait d‘une diversité ethnique. La question centrale à laquelle nous tenterons d'apporter quelques éléments de réponse à travers cette étude est la suivante : quels sont les impacts de la politique d'Actions Affirmatives sur les transformations mémorielles et identitaires produites au Brésil pendant cette époque Lula ? Afin de mieux saisir notre objet d'étude et tester nos hypothèses, nous avons choisi d'étudier quatre champs d'analyse : l'analyse de l'historiographie brésilienne de l'esclavage ; l'analyse de la production de nouveaux discours sur le passé visible, pendant les années Lula, dans deux journaux brésiliens ; les entretiens avec des acteurs sociaux, considérés ici comme « architectes » des Actions Affirmatives brésiliennes ; et pour finir, des questionnaires adressés aux étudiants cotistas de l'enseignement supérieur.En conformité avec la problématique posée dans notre recherche, nous considérons que trois thèses peuvent être soutenus. D'abord, des éléments d'une dynamique interne, représentée par la lutte des Mouvements Noirs du pays, et externe, fortement poussée par les demandes de la globalisation, ont contribué à ce que le passé esclavagiste devienne l'objet de l'action publique. Puis, la mémoire du passé esclavagiste brésilien fait l'objet d'une importante évolution depuis l'adoption des politiques d'Actions Affirmatives dans le pays. Ces politiques promeuvent un nouvel encadrement social des processus mémoriels à partir de l'émergence d'une nouvelle signification du passé. Et enfin, les transformations mémorielles opérées à l'époque Lula, influencent, de façon significative, l'identité brésilienne et déterminent la reconnaissance de la diversité ethnique du pays. Au-delà de ce processus, l'appropriation par les Afro-brésiliens d'une identité nationale, nous semble être un catalyseur important de ce processus évolutif. / Our work proposes a sociological approach of the process of identity reorganization in Brazil during Lula's period. We consider that this era leads a reconstructive dynamics of slave past determined by new conditions of emergence of the memories. This, drives to the construction of a new memory “ frame “, of a substitution of the idea of Brazil crossed in an interbreeding according to the Brazilians, the cultural assimilation of the afro-descendants of which is the very pillar, through the idea of a Brazil made by an ethnic diversity.The main question to which we shall try to bring some elements of answer through this study is the following ones: what are the impacts of the Affermative Actions policy on the memory and identical transformations made up in Brazil during this Lula's time ? In order to seize more easily our object of study and test our hypothesis, we chose to study four fields of analysis : the analysis of the Brazilian historiography of the slavery; the analysis of the production of new perspectives on the visible past, during the years Lula, through two brazilian news-papers; the discussions with social players, considered here as “ architectes actors”, considerated as the Brasilian Affirmative Actions; and to finish, questionnaires sent to cotistas students of the higher Education. Conforming to the problem set down in our research, we consider that three theses can be followed. At first, elements of an internal dynamics represented by the fight of the Black Movements inside the country, and external, strongly pushed by the requests of the globalization, contributed to the fact that the slave past becomes the objet of the public action. Then, the memory of brazilian slave past is the object of an important evolution since the adoption of the policy of Affermative Actions in the country. Those policies promote a new social frame of the memory processes from the emergence of a new signification of the past. And finally, the memory transformations made during Lula's time, influence, in a significant way, the Brazilian identity and determine the recognition of the ethnic diversity of the country. Beyond this process, the appropriation by the Afro-Brazilians of a national identity, seems to us to be an important catalyst of this process.

The thesis examines the social memory of Soviet period in Ukraine on the national and regional levels drawing on the conceptual framework of social memory as shared, normative and formative knowledge of the past, subject to contentious interpretations of various groups and reflecting the power structure of the society. The analysis of the law on the rehabilitation of victims of political repressions in Ukraine, the law on the Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian nation, and the decommunization laws shows that on the official level Ukraine moved from an ambivalent attitude towards the Soviet legacy, in which Stalinism was repudiated, to the condemnation of Soviet power as a whole. On the regional level, the study reveals the divisive memory of the Soviet past. The analysis of the activities of the Memorial Society, of monuments to the prisoners executed in Lviv by retreating Soviets in June of 1941, of the Museum-Prison on Lontsky street and other museums and monuments shows that in Lviv, as in the Baltic States, the Soviet power is viewed as an alien regime, imposed on freedom-loving Ukrainians by Soviet Russia tyranny. On the opposite side of Lviv is Donetsk. The analysis of the memorial landscape of the city shows that the Donbas memory of the 1930s, as in Soviet times and in Russia, is based on an official forgetting of the repressions. The general assessment of the Soviet past is positive is incorporated into the collective identity of Donetsk as its integral part. After the Euromaidan events of late 2013-early 2014 the opposite memories of the Soviet past became even more apparent. Soviet past in Ukraine is a complex historical period. Examples of post-second world war Western Europe shows that a society, which wants to rebuild itself after a traumatic, divisive past, has to work through this past critically and honestly through an extremely difficult, but necessary open public debate. Only free exchange of opinions, where diversity of perspectives and interpretations of the Soviet experience would be heard, will allow Ukrainian society to grasp the complexity of the Soviet past and to build an inclusive, pluralist democracy.

The current period is characterized by consumerism, market economies, easily accessible loans, household indebtedness, depersonalization cash flow due to of electronic payments and visible consequences of the debt trap and subsequent executions while failing to secure funding. Inadequate or only elementary knowledge of financial literacy of young people is a condition that is a risk factor for most skills in the management of their money. The above facts are environments where most may apply sometimes aggressive ways menu disadvantageous loans. In the practical part, I am my task using questionnaires to determine the state of financial literacy and compare the results at several high schools, including the ability to evaluate the orientation of the financial market and resistance risk activity in the financial management of personal finances.

The current period is characterized by consumerism, market economies, easily accessible loans, household indebtedness, depersonalization cash flow due to of electronic payments and visible consequences of the debt trap and subsequent executions while failing to secure funding. Inadequate or only elementary knowledge of financial literacy of young people is a condition that is a risk factor for most skills in the management of their money. The above facts are environments where most may apply sometimes aggressive ways menu disadvantageous loans. In the practical part, I am my task using questionnaires to determine the state of financial literacy and compare the results at several high schools, including the ability to evaluate the orientation of the financial market and resistance risk activity in the financial management of personal finances.

233f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-09T16:24:49Z No. of bitstreams: 3 luisclaudiocampospt3.pdf: 36751 bytes, checksum: 27aaa05485cc7fa2baab48e3c6e9cdec (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt2.pdf: 3344070 bytes, checksum: afef5aa5743eb9dda302f662f97af4df (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt1.pdf: 1763833 bytes, checksum: 964d965a231058dac57f07466ea525d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lêda Costa(lmrcosta@ufba.br) on 2013-04-18T12:35:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 luisclaudiocampospt3.pdf: 36751 bytes, checksum: 27aaa05485cc7fa2baab48e3c6e9cdec (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt2.pdf: 3344070 bytes, checksum: afef5aa5743eb9dda302f662f97af4df (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt1.pdf: 1763833 bytes, checksum: 964d965a231058dac57f07466ea525d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-18T12:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 luisclaudiocampospt3.pdf: 36751 bytes, checksum: 27aaa05485cc7fa2baab48e3c6e9cdec (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt2.pdf: 3344070 bytes, checksum: afef5aa5743eb9dda302f662f97af4df (MD5) luisclaudiocampospt1.pdf: 1763833 bytes, checksum: 964d965a231058dac57f07466ea525d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A pesquisa sistematiza o processo de confecção de objetos com abordagem diferenciada sobre relíquia, memória e história, na intenção de transpor limites ao uso de materiais e técnicas de arte, conceituando em reflexões prático-teóricas lembranças e recordações, portanto uma poética que traz a “ausência” do imaginário, tecido de memória, distância, passado e saudade. A importância de se trabalhar com relíquias em linguagens artísticas reside na visibilidade da aproximação das distâncias entre o passado e o presente, trazendo ao contemporâneo o significado do passado como alicerce de nossas ações. Tomando como base o processo de criação na construção da obra de arte discutido por Cecília Salles, assumo o conceito de criação em rede como, forma de compreender as implicações em adotar essa perspectiva ao pensar na prática artística. Esses modos de “pensar” e “fazer” serviram de guia e, até mesmo, contribuíram para que a escolha dos materiais na elaboração das obras acontecesse a partir do momento que o suporte pudesse dialogar com o conceito. Imaginei cada obra e as registrei em estudos, desenhos, rascunhos que serviram para elaborar as peças. As modificações sofridas durante a gênese de uma delas é a evidência de que esse processo é ativo e repleto de diversas possibilidades. Fatos lembrados e vividos foram agregados às obras, de forma consciente ou não, transformando as peças marcadas pela ausência de temporalidade no pensamento e ato criador em registros do passado. Tomo Santo Agostinho e Henri-Louise Bergson como Filósofos norteadores para compreender as questões relacionadas ao tempo e a memória. Em momentos específicos recorro a Merleau-Ponty (aspectos fenomenológicos) e Gaston Bachelard (aspectos relacionados ao mobiliário). Faço aproximações e distanciamentos com obras de artistaspesquisadores, como Joseph Cornell, Farnese de Andrade, Sebastião Pedrosa, Graziano Spinosi, Anish Kapoor, Eriel Araújo, Graça Ramos e VigaGordilho. As reflexões e a prática no atelier apontaram caminhos e possíveis soluções que abraçam o dialogo com o espectador para conquista de novos conhecimentos. A síntese das pesquisas foi mostrada na exposição Rememoráveis, com a apresentação de três objetos e seis instalações. / Salvador

RODRIGUES, Lorena da Silva. E tenho dito: a gramaticalização e a variação do pretérito perfeito composto em narrativas dos séculos XV a XVII. 2010. 132f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2010. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T16:41:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_lsrodrigues.pdf: 828896 bytes, checksum: c534a2f1cea68b1d7ad1b956a887eb6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T17:09:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_lsrodrigues.pdf: 828896 bytes, checksum: c534a2f1cea68b1d7ad1b956a887eb6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-22T17:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_lsrodrigues.pdf: 828896 bytes, checksum: c534a2f1cea68b1d7ad1b956a887eb6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / In this dissertation, we deal with the grammaticalization of past tense compound in Portuguese. We discuss linguistic change, based on the correlation form(s)-function(s) in two lines of analysis: (I) the grammaticalization continuum of to have/there to be (full) + adjectival participle > to have/there to be (auxiliary) + verb participle and (ii) the linguistic variation in coding the perfective past tense before the moment of speech. Two theoretical approaches base the research: the linguistic Functionalism, focused on grammaticalization, and the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change, establishing thus a socio-functionalist research model. For this, we used narratives in prose from the XV, XVI and XVII centuries, Portuguese transition and fixation moment. Regarding grammaticalization, we investigated Lehmann’s (2002[1985]) grammaticalization parameters - Integrity, Paradigmaticity, Paradigmatic Variability, Scope, Bondedness, Syntagmatic Variability - modality, reference time and verb type. Regarding variation, we investigated modality, aspect, semantic nature of arguments, type of verb, time and textual reference and the historical moment. Out of these factors, the ones shown as relevant for conditioning were time and reference relation, semantic nature of the subject, aspect and historical moment. This proposal is relevant because, besides attesting the past tense compound use made throughout Portuguese history as previous research has done on the topic, it investigates the factors that condition to have/there to be + past participle change from the socio-functionalist viewpoint. / Nesta dissertação, tratamos da gramaticalização do pretérito perfeito composto em Língua Portuguesa. Abordamos a mudança linguística, partindo da correlação forma(s)-função(ões) em dois eixos de análise: (i) o continnum de gramaticalização de ter/haver (pleno) + particípio adjetival > ter/haver (auxiliar) + particípio verbal e (ii) a variação linguística na codificação do tempo passado perfectivo anterior ao momento da fala. Duas abordagens teóricas embasam a pesquisa: o Funcionalismo linguístico, voltado à gramaticalização e a Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística, estabelecendo, dessa forma, um modelo sociofuncionalista de investigação. Para isso, utilizamos narrativas em prosa dos séculos XV, XVI e XVII, período de transição e fixação da Língua Portuguesa. No que concerne à gramaticalização, foram investigados os parâmetros de gramaticalização de Lehmann (2002[1985]) – Integridade, Paradigmaticidade, Variabilidade paradigmática, Escopo, Conexidade, Variabilidade sintagmática – a modalidade, o tempo em relação à referência e o tipo de verbo. No que diz respeito à variação, foram analisados a modalidade, o aspecto, a natureza semântica dos argumentos, o tipo de verbo, a referência temporal – textual e o período histórico. Desses fatores mostram-se relevantes para o condicionamento a relação entre tempo e referência, a natureza semântica do sujeito, o aspecto e o período histórico. Essa proposta se mostra relevante, porque, além de atestar o uso o pretérito perfeito composto ao longo da história da linguística do Português como as pesquisas anteriores sobre o tema, investiga os fatores que condicionaram a mudança de ter/haver + particípio passado sob a ótica sociofuncionalista.

Les recherches passées constituent pourtant une source d'information utile pour les nouveaux utilisateurs (nouvelles requêtes). En raison de l'absence de collections ad-hoc de RI, à ce jour il y a un faible intérêt de la communauté RI autour de l'utilisation des recherches passées. En effet, la plupart des collections de RI existantes sont composées de requêtes indépendantes. Ces collections ne sont pas appropriées pour évaluer les approches fondées sur les requêtes passées parce qu'elles ne comportent pas de requêtes similaires ou qu'elles ne fournissent pas de jugements de pertinence. Par conséquent, il n'est pas facile d'évaluer ce type d'approches. En outre, l'élaboration de ces collections est difficile en raison du coût et du temps élevés nécessaires. Une alternative consiste à simuler les collections. Par ailleurs, les documents pertinents de requêtes passées similaires peuvent être utilisées pour répondre à une nouvelle requête. De nombreuses contributions ont été proposées portant sur l'utilisation de techniques probabilistes pour améliorer les résultats de recherche. Des solutions simples à mettre en œuvre pour la réutilisation de résultats de recherches peuvent être proposées au travers d'algorithmes probabilistes. De plus, ce principe peut également bénéficier d'un clustering des recherches antérieures selon leurs similarités. Ainsi, dans cette thèse un cadre pour simuler des collections pour des approches basées sur les résultats de recherche passées est mis en œuvre et évalué. Quatre algorithmes probabilistes pour la réutilisation des résultats de recherches passées sont ensuite proposés et évalués. Enfin, une nouvelle mesure dans un contexte de clustering est proposée. / Past searches provide a useful source of information for new users (new queries). Due to the lack of ad-hoc IR collections, to this date there is a weak interest of the IR community on the use of past search results. Indeed, most of the existing IR collections are composed of independent queries. These collections are not appropriate to evaluate approaches rooted in past queries because they do not gather similar queries due to the lack of relevance judgments. Therefore, there is no easy way to evaluate the convenience of these approaches. In addition, elaborating such collections is difficult due to the cost and time needed. Thus a feasible alternative is to simulate such collections. Besides, relevant documents from similar past queries could be used to answer the new query. This principle could benefit from clustering of past searches according to their similarities. Thus, in this thesis a framework to simulate ad-hoc approaches based on past search results is implemented and evaluated. Four randomized algorithms to improve precision are proposed and evaluated, finally a new measure in the clustering context is proposed.

East Africa is central to many aspects of human evolution and diversification. At the same time, diet is a key aspect of the ecology of any population. Therefore, one is often interested in the diets of past populations. To assess human diet in the past, stable isotope ratio and dental microwear analyses are often perceived as the only semi-quantitative and objective techniques. However, there are still many unknowns on how isotopic and microwear signals change in response to dietary variation, because few controlled studies have been carried out in modern populations. To investigate this issue, this study targeted living humans from African ethnic groups (El Molo, Turkana, Luhya, and Luo, from Kenya, and Baka, from Cameroon) that practise a wide range of traditional subsistence strategies (pastoralism, fishing, and agriculture), with the objective of building a framework in which to consider past diet in an East African context. This study analysed human hair (n = 143), nail (n = 83), and breath (n = 186) for δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N from the six different communities, and dental moulds (n = 150) from five of those communities (no moulds were collected from the Baka), and related the findings to dietary information. Dental microwear analyses had a low success rate because microwear features were obscured by the biofilm produced by mouth bacteria. Nevertheless, a visual analysis of the results suggested that the El Molo have the hardest and the toughest diet among all the groups studied, possibly through the inclusion of abrasives in the diet during food processing. In turn, the isotopic analyses revealed the ways in which agriculturalists and hunter gatherers differ from pastoralists and fishers in their isotopic values, although the variation in δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{15}$N did not distinguish between pastoralists and fishers. The results emphasise recent changes in the diet of these groups, the importance of local factors in isotope values, and the variable sensitivity of isotopes to dietary practices. In conclusion, although each technique could provide complementary data that would contribute to a more inclusive view of diet, dental microwear analyses are not easily applied to modern human groups, due to the difficulty in acquiring comparative in vivo data, and in distinguishing between patterns caused by food items, or food processing techniques.

The work presented below is a contrastive analysis of Spanish, Russian, and Czech verbal systems, with an emphasis on past tenses and their usage. The study begins by analyzing the concept of aspectuality, which will be proven to be essential in order to understand how tenses are used in Slavic languages, particularly in Russian and Czech. Following this introduction, the above-mentioned verbal systems are described, with special attention given to past tenses. Subsequently, the work presents two independent practical studies, which try to determine the main difficulties for Russian and Czech students when using past tenses in Spanish. In order to achieve this goal, the study has been carried out among students with different levels and backgrounds. Finally, the data collected in this study is used to design a didactic proposal, which aims to cover the main difficulties for these students regarding the use of past tenses in Spanish.