Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T13:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fabricia Oliveira Saraiva - 2014.pdf: 5793430 bytes, checksum: 3be7faa66b91207424f429a13894dddc (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T14:16:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fabricia Oliveira Saraiva - 2014.pdf: 5793430 bytes, checksum: 3be7faa66b91207424f429a13894dddc (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T14:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fabricia Oliveira Saraiva - 2014.pdf: 5793430 bytes, checksum: 3be7faa66b91207424f429a13894dddc (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa - FUNAPE / Background: Pneumococcal 10-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced to the routine immunization in Brazil in 2010. During PCV10 introduction year three schedules were used: (i) children aged ≤6 months: 3 doses + 1 booster; (ii) children aged 7-11 months: 2 doses + 1 booster (2p + 1), and (iii) children 12-15 months: single dose. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage and compliance with recommended schedules after the introduction of PCV10 and to identify the factors associated with greater coverage and compliance. Methods: A household survey was conducted between December 2010 and February 2011 in Goiania, GO, where the PCV10 vaccination started on June, 2010. Systematic sampling was used to recruit 1,237 children. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied during the home visits; dates of vaccination were obtained from the vaccination card. The child's age at vaccine introduction was calculated for July 14th, 2010 (30 days after the introduction of the vaccine on routine immunization) and the child was retrospectively classified into one of three age groups: ≤6 months, 7-11 months; 12-15 months. Vaccination coverage (percentage of children who received the number of recommended doses) and compliance with schedules (percentage of children who received all valid doses at the recommended time interval) were calculated for all children and for each of the three age groups; prevalence ratios were compared by chi-square test. Log binomial regression (prevalence ratio / PR) was used to identify variables independently associated with vaccination coverage and compliance with recommended schedules. Results: The overall vaccination coverage was 53.4% (95% CI: 50.8-56.2%), varying from 88.3% (12-15 months / single dose) to 39.3% (7-11 months / 2 doses). Compliance to vaccination schedules was 16.6% (95% CI: 14.5 to 18.7%), ranging from 35.6% (≥12 months / single dose) to 6.0% (7-11 months / 2 doses). Having a private health insurance was independently associated with both vaccination coverage (PR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.04-1.43, p=0.013) and compliance with the vaccination schedule (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, p=0.019). Conclusions: Vaccination coverage achieved high percentages before the first year of introduction of PCV10 on routine immunization. Compliance with PCV10 recommended schedules was low, being important gap in the program. Having private health insurance was associated with compliance and vaccination coverage, which may reflect an attitude of seeking health care frequently and not only on emergencies. Initiatives to increase rates of vaccination coverage and compliance should be pursued targeting children aged 7-11 months, who are under the highest risk of acquiring pneumococcal disease. / Contexto: A vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) foi introduzida no calendário básico de vacinação do Brasil em 2010. No ano da introdução, três esquemas vacinais foram utilizados: (i) crianças ≤6 meses: 3 doses + 1 reforço; (ii) crianças entre 7-11 meses: 2 doses + 1 reforço (2p+1), e (iii) crianças 12-15 meses: dose única (sem reforço). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cobertura vacinal e a adesão aos referidos esquemas logo após a introdução da PCV10 e identificar os fatores associados à maior cobertura e adesão. Métodos: Um inquérito domiciliar foi realizado entre dezembro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011 em Goiânia, GO. Uma amostragem sistemática foi utilizada para recrutar 1.237 crianças. Um questionário sociodemográfico foi aplicado; as datas de vacinação foram obtidas da caderneta de vacina. A idade da criança no momento da introdução da vacina foi calculada em relação à data de 14 de julho de 2010 (30 dias após a introdução da vacina no calendário básico local) e a criança foi classificada em uma das três faixas etárias (≤6 meses; 7-11 meses; 12-15 meses). A cobertura vacinal (porcentagem de crianças que receberam o número de doses recomendadas) e a adesão aos esquemas vacinais (porcentagem de crianças que receberam todas as doses válidas e no intervalo recomendado) foram calculadas para todas as crianças e para cada uma das três faixas etárias. As razões das prevalências de cobertura e adesão foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Regressão log foi utilizada para a análise de regressão múltipla, a fim de identificar as variáveis independentemente associadas à cobertura vacinal e à adesão aos esquemas vacinais. Resultados: A cobertura vacinal foi de 53,4% (IC 95%: 50,8-56,2%), variando de 88,3% (12-15 meses / dose única) a 39,3% (7-11 meses / 2 doses). A adesão aos esquemas vacinais foi de 16,6% (IC 95%: 14,5-18,7%), variando de 35,6% (12-15 meses / dose única) a 6,0% (7-11 meses / 2 doses). Ter um plano de saúde privado apresentou associação independente tanto com a cobertura vacinal (RP = 1,22; IC 95%: 1,04-1,43; p = 0,013) quanto com a adesão aos esquemas vacinais (RP = 1,08; IC 95%: 1,01-1,15; p = 0,019). Conclusões Durante o primeiro ano de introdução da PCV10 no calendário básico, a cobertura vacinal alcançou porcentagens expressivas. A adesão aos esquemas recomendados para PCV10 foi baixa, sendo importante lacuna no programa. Ter plano de saúde privado esteve associado à adesão e à cobertura vacinal, o que pode refletir uma atitude de procurar assistência à saúde com maior frequência e não apenas em situações de emergência. Iniciativas para aumentar as taxas de cobertura vacinal e de adesão devem ser implantadas, especialmente entre crianças no segundo semestre de vida, as quais estão no grupo de maior risco para doenças pneumocócicas.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de avaliação, realizada por análise de resultados, do tipo \"antes e depois\", cujo objetivo geral foi avaliar a contribuição de intervenções educativas em diabetes mellitus, para o conhecimento sobre a doença, adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e controle glicêmico das pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O estudo foi desenvolvido em unidade ambulatorial de um hospital universitário, nível terciário de atenção à saúde do interior paulista, no período de junho de 2011 a maio de 2013. As intervenções educativas desenvolveram-se em quatro sessões, em grupo aberto, por meio dos \"Mapas de Conversação em Diabetes\", fundamentadas nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria Social Cognitiva, cujos temas foram respectivamente: \"como o corpo e o diabetes funcionam\", \"alimentação saudável e atividade física\", \"tratamento medicamentoso e monitoramento da glicose no sangue\" e \"atingindo as metas com a insulina\", com dois momentos adicionais para a coleta dos dados, antes e após as intervenções. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos instrumentos Diabetes Knowledge Scale (versão brasileira) e Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos. Mediante os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra ficou constituída por 82 pessoas, das quais 48 (58,5%) eram do sexo feminino e 34 (41,5%), do masculino, com média de idade de 60,43 (DP= 8,38) anos e escolaridade de 4,86 (DP= 3,86) anos de estudo; 59 (72%) eram casados, 44 (53,7%), procedentes da região de Ribeirão Preto e 44 (53,7%), aposentados ou pensionistas. Entre os outros resultados, destacam-se o tempo médio de diagnóstico da doença de 15,38 (DP= 8,22) anos; 56 (68,3%) possuíam pressão arterial sistólica alterada, 19 (23,2%), pressão arterial diastólica alterada e 43 (52,4%) eram obesos. O uso de antidiabéticos orais foi referido por 71 (86,6%) dos participantes, e o uso de insulina, por 68 (82,9%); 60 (73,2%) relataram o seguimento regular da dieta e 38 (46,3%), a prática regular de exercício físico. Para o valor de p<0,05, observou-se que, após o término das intervenções educativas, houve melhora do escore médio total das variáveis referentes ao conhecimento, à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso (antidiabéticos orais) e à taxa de hemoglobina glicada. Na análise dessas variáveis, em suas respectivas categorias, houve um maior número de pessoas nas categorias: \"bom conhecimento\" (p<0,05), \"adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso\" (antidiabéticos orais) e \"normal\" para a taxa de hemoglobina glicada. Conclui-se que as intervenções educativas contribuíram para a melhora do conhecimento sobre o diabetes mellitus, adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e para a diminuição da taxa de hemoglobina glicada da amostra estudada e reitera-se a educação em diabetes mellitus como uma estratégia fundamental para o cuidado / This evaluation research was conducted using \"before and after\" analysis of results. The general objective was to evaluate the contribution of educational interventions in diabetes mellitus for knowledge about the disease, adherence to drug treatment and glycemic control of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in an outpatient unit of a tertiary-level university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from June 2011 to May 2013. The educational interventions have been developed in four sessions, in open group, through the \"Conversation Maps in Diabetes\", based on the theoretical framework of the Social Cognitive Theory, whose themes were as follows: \"how the body and diabetes work\", \"healthy eating and physical activity\", \"drug treatment and blood glucose monitoring\" and \"reaching the targets with insulin\", with two additional moments for data collection, before and after the interventions. Data were collected using the instruments Diabetes Knowledge Scale (Brazilian version) and Treatment Adherence Measure. Appling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 82 people, of whom 48 (58.5%) were female and 34 (41.5%) male, with mean age of 60.43 (SD= 8.38) years and schooling of 4.86 (SD= 3.86) years of study; 59 (72%) were married, 44 (53.7%) coming from the region of Ribeirão Preto and 44 (53.7%) retirees or pensioners. Among the results, it is highlighted the average time to diagnose the disease, 15.38 (SD= 8.22) years; 56 (68.3%) had altered systolic blood pressure, 19 (23.2%) altered diastolic blood pressure and 43 (52.4%) were obese. The use of oral antidiabetic drugs was reported by 71 (86.6%) participants, and the use of insulin by 68 (82.9%); 60 (73.2%) reported regular monitoring of the diet and 38 (46.3%) regular physical activity. For the value of p<0.05, it was observed that after completion of educational interventions, there was improvement in average total score of variables related to knowledge, adherence to drug therapy (oral antidiabetic drugs) and glycated hemoglobin. In the analysis of these variables, in their respective categories, there were more people in the categories \"good knowledge\" (p<0.05), \"adherence to drug treatment\" (oral antidiabetic drugs) and \"normal\" for glycated hemoglobin. It is concluded that the educational interventions contributed to the improvement of knowledge on diabetes mellitus, adherence to drug therapy and decrease in glycated hemoglobin levels of the sample. It is reiterated that education in diabetes mellitus is a key strategy for care

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T10:55:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiovitorinopereira.pdf: 2007221 bytes, checksum: 6a75d12eda07ab1053308c2fda7735f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T19:23:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiovitorinopereira.pdf: 2007221 bytes, checksum: 6a75d12eda07ab1053308c2fda7735f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T19:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiovitorinopereira.pdf: 2007221 bytes, checksum: 6a75d12eda07ab1053308c2fda7735f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A doença renal crônica (DRC) apresenta-se como um problema de saúde pública em decorrência de sua prevalência e dos custos envolvidos no tratamento, bem como da alta taxa de morbimortalidade. Em sua fase mais avançada, ela necessita de uma terapia renal substitutiva. Estima-se que 111.303 pessoas se encontrem em tratamento dialítico por ano, destas, aproximadamente, 92,8% são submetidas à hemodiálise. O regime terapêutico hemodialítico engloba alterações no cotidiano, tais como o deslocamento aos centros de diálise e restrições alimentares e no convívio familiar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a adesão ao regime terapêutico e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Os padrões para a avaliação da adesão ao regime terapêutico foram estabelecidos pelo estudo The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), são eles: restrição hídrica, restrição dietética, regime medicamentoso e terapia hemodialítica. Pacientes que apresentaram não conformidade em pelo menos um dos aspectos do tratamento foram considerados não aderentes à terapêutica. A análise dos dados foi realizada através dos testes Quiquadrado, Fischer, teste t, ANOVA e análise de regressão logística. A avaliação da QVRS foi realizada através do questionário Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form - KDQOL-SF. Foram analisados os componentes específicos da doença renal crônica (DRC) e componentes sumarizados físico (CSF) e mental (CSM). Utilizou-se para análise das variáveis os testes de Mann Whitney e Kruskal Wallis. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam que pacientes idosos, com diurese residual, parâmetro nutricional e hematológico adequados, com financiamento público das sessões de hemodiálise e cor da pele branca apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem aderentes (p<0,05). Indivíduos do sexo feminino, com menos de 60 anos, brancos, com baixo nível socioeconômico, que necessitam de acompanhante, em terapia hemodialítica por período menor que 5 anos e que possuem prescrição medicamentosa com 10 ou mais fármacos, com baixos níveis séricos de albumina e hemoglobina e não adesão à restrição hídrica e à terapia apresentaram piora na QVRS. Torna-se primordial que o plano terapêutico contemple a necessidade individual do paciente. A monitoração desses parâmetros, bem como busca para alcance dos padrões recomendáveis podem trazer melhorias em diversos aspectos da vida dos pacientes e subsidiar a prática clínica e o planejamento assistencial. Com isso, objetiva-se reduzir o percentual de hospitalização, gastos com saúde, mortalidade e fornecer melhorias nas condições de vida dos pacientes. / Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem due to its prevalence and the costs involved in treatment, as well as the high morbidity and mortality rates. At its most advanced stage, it requires renal replacement therapy. It is estimated that 111,303 people are undergoing dialysis treatment per year, of which approximately 92.8% are undergoing hemodialysis. The hemodialysis treatment regime encompasses changes in daily life, such as travel to dialysis centers and restrictions on diet and family life. The present study aimed to evaluate adherence to the treatment regimen and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. The standards for assessing adherence to the treatment regimen were established by The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), being: fluid restrictions, dietary restrictions, medication regimen, and hemodialysis therapy. Patients who showed noncompliance in at least one aspect of treatment were considered nonadherent to therapy. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, Fischer's test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. The HRQoL assessment was done using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short Form - KDQOL-SF questionnaire. The specific components of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were analyzed. The Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for analysis of the variables. The results of the study indicate that elderly patients with residual diuresis, adequate nutritional and hematological parameters, with public funding for hemodialysis sessions, and with white skin color, were more likely to be adherent (p <0.05). Individuals who are female, under 60 years old, white, of lower socioeconomic status, who require a companion, in hemodialysis therapy for less than 5 years, and who are prescribed 10 or more drugs, with low serum levels of albumin and hemoglobin, and nonadherent to fluid restrictions and to therapy, presented a worsening HRQoL. It is therefore essential that the treatment plan addresses the individual needs of the patient. Monitoring these parameters, as well as striving to attain the recommended standards, can bring about improvements in various aspects of patients' lives, and aid clinical practice and care planning. With this, the aim is to reduce hospitalization rates, health expenses, mortality, and provide improvements in the living conditions of these patients.

Orientadores: Fernanda Aparecida Cintra, Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme Gallani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saccomann_IzabelCristinaRibeirodaSilva_D.pdf: 1907143 bytes, checksum: 3a2fea4d1cf5b3293c60f3e8257afc43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) representa uma das principais causas de hospitalização no cenário mundial. Vários fatores como o tratamento prolongado, o conhecimento sobre a doença e o comportamento do paciente frente à tomada de medicamentos exercem influência na adesão à terapêutica. Os programas de gerenciamento da doença revelam que a educação em saúde em portadores de IC configura-se como componente chave na adesão ao tratamento, pois contribuem para a redução das admissões hospitalares e da morbi-mortalidade, bem como para melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um Programa de Educação em Saúde na adesão medicamentosa e não medicamentosa, e na QVRS em portadores de IC, em seguimento ambulatorial. Estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado envolvendo dois grupos: intervenção e controle. A amostra constitui-se de 99 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, com diagnóstico médico de IC. Fizeram parte do grupo controle (GC) 50 pacientes e do grupo de intervenção (GI) 49 pacientes. Foram aplicados sequencialmente os instrumentos de medida: Caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, Escala de Adesão de Morisky, Medida da Adesão Medicamentosa, Beliefs about Medication Compliance Scale (BMCS), Beliefs about Self-monitoring Compliance (BSMCS), e Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionaire (LHFQ). A análise revelou que os fatores que influenciaram a adesão ao tratamento diurético foram: esquecimento, sintomas e sexo. O fator que influenciou as barreiras percebidas para adesão a auto-monitorização do peso/edema foi o controle do peso. O Programa de Educação em Saúde apresentou efeito positivo na mudança da avaliação global de adesão e nas barreiras para auto-monitorização de peso/edema que explicou 50% e 53% da variabilidade, respectivamente. Mostrou ainda efeito positivo na dimensão física e no escore total do LHFQ, que explicaram 11% e 6% da variabilidade, respectivamente. Os Programas de Educação em Saúde, com a adoção de estratégias voltadas à mudança no comportamento de autocuidado, devem ser incentivados para a compreensão do seu efeito na QVRS. Além disso, o envolvimento do paciente pode ter sido decisivo para a mudança do comportamento de adesão e para o sucesso do Programa / Abstract: Heart failure (HF) represents a major cause of hospitalization all over the world. Several factors such as prolonged treatment, knowledge about the disease and the patient's behavior about taking medication influence on adherence to therapy. Disease management programs have shown that health education in patients with HF is configured as a key component in treatment adherence, since they contribute to reducing hospital admissions and mortality and morbidity as well as to improving the health-related quality of life (HRQL). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a program of health education in medication and non-medication adherence and in HRQL in outpatients with HF. Experimental study, controlled and randomized, involving two groups: intervention and control. The sample consisted of 99 subjects, both male and female, aged 50 years old or more with a diagnosis of HF. Fifty patients (50) took part in the control group (CG) and 49 patients in the intervention group (IG). The following measuring instruments were sequentially applied: socio demographic and clinical characterization, Morisky Adherence Scale, Measure of Medication Adherence, Beliefs about Medication Compliance Scale (BMCs), Beliefs about Self-Monitoring Compliance (BSMCS) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ). The analysis showed that the factors which influenced adherence to diuretic treatment were: forgetfulness, symptoms and sex. The factor that influenced the perceived barriers to adherence to self-monitoring of weight/edema was weight control. The Health Education Program had a positive effect in changing the overall assessment of adherence and barriers to self-monitoring of weight/edema which explained 50% and 53% of the variability, respectively. The program also showed positive effect in the physical dimension and in the total score in the HRQL, which explained 11% and 6% of the variability, respectively. Health Education Programs, with the adoption of strategies to change the behavior in self-care, should be encouraged in order to understand their effect in the HRQL. Moreover, the involvement of the patients may have been decisive in changing their behavior and adherence to the success of the Program / Doutorado / Enfermagem / Doutor em Enfermagem

Master of Public Health - MPH / Adherence to prescribed medications is a central feature of good clinical HIV care and a key factor in determining the effectiveness of treatment. This is especially true for HIV-infected patients, on antiretroviral treatment, where adherence is strongly associated with survival. HIV-associated tuberculosis is a major and increasing health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical trials have demonstrated a benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy in preventing TB among HIV-infected persons, and its use among these patients is recommended. Nearly perfect compliance seems to be indispensable to obtain the maximum benefit from highly active antiretroviral treatment and prophylactic medications. Accurately assessing non-adherence is a necessary first step towards improving adherence to active antiretroviral treatment and isoniazid preventive therapy. The introduction of diary cards is being considered as a measure of adherence and as a tool to improve adherence among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment or isoniazid preventive therapy. This was a preliminary study to evaluate the effectiveness of diary cards as intervention tool for promoting adherence to antiretroviral and prophylactic TB therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS, to evaluate the diary card as a tool to measure adherence and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of diary cards. / South Africa

Abstract The study is part of a project titled Self-motivated control of hypertension. The project is multidisciplinary, and the participants were from the Department of Nursing and Health Administration, University of Oulu, the Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, the health centers of the Liminka and Rantsila municipalities, Polar Electro Oy and The National Technology Agency (TEKES). The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the compliance and the blood pressure control of the intervention patients and the positive effect of the intervention on the compliance and the control of blood pressure. A further purpose was to develop a scale for measuring hypertensive patients' compliance and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. The intervention included the use of a multimedia-based computer program and a heart rate monitor, home measurements of blood pressure and two walking tests as a support of hypertension care. The study consisted of four phases. In the first phase, the patients in the intervention group (n = 21) were interviewed. The topics were: the patients' compliance and attitude towards hypertension and its care and the patients' attitude towards information technology and its use as a support of hypertension care. The material was analysed using the method of content analysis. In the second phase, the Compliance of Hypertensive Patients' Scale (= CHPS) was developed and its reliability and validity were assessed. Data were collected from five health centers (n = 103). Dimensionality was explored using principal component analysis and internal consistency was estimated according to a standard item analysis approach and Theta coefficient. Validity was assessed using face validity, content validity and criterion-related validity (through the use of concurrent validity). In the third phase, by using the CHPS, the compliance of the intervention (n = 14) and control patients (n = 21) was evaluated and the groups were compared. Data were analysed using Mann Whitney's U-test. The control of blood pressure of intervention (n = 16) and control (n = 18) groups was also evaluated and compared. Data were analysed using T-test. In the fourth phase, the patients were interviewed for an evaluation of how the intervention had improved their (n = 16) compliance. The material was analyzed using content analysis. The patients' attitude towards information technology as a support of hypertension care and their attitude towards hypertension and its care were more positive at the end than at the beginning of the intervention. The intervention improved the patients' compliance. They used less sodium (p = .014), exercised more effectively (p = .017) and needed fewer follow-up appointments with nurses than the patients in the control group. The most important part of the intervention consisted of the measurement of blood pressure at home, sending the readings to the health center and the use of a heart rate monitor to improve the effectiveness of exercise. The program illustrated and made more concrete the things connected with lifestyle. The patients who felt that hypertension was caused by stress did not find the setting of the goals and the use of the program meaningful. The variation of diastolic blood pressure at home was statistically almost significant (p = .057) at the end of the project and the blood pressure values were lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The blood pressure readings recorded at home were lower than the measurements recorded by the physician at the health center (SBP p = .000, DBP p = .003). / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus oli osa Omatoiminen verenpaineen hallinta -projektia (OVH-projekti). Projekti on monitieteinen, ja siihen ovat osallistuneet Oulun yliopiston hoitotieteen ja terveyshallinnon laitos, Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan sisätautien klinikka, Limingan ja Rantsilan terveyskeskukset, Polar Electro Oy ja Tekes. Tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena oli arvioida interventioryhmän potilaiden hoitoon sitoutumista ja hoitotasapainoa sekä sitä, miten kyseinen interventio edisti hoitoon sitoutumista. Lisäksi tarkoituksena oli kehittää hoitoon sitoutumista arvioiva mittari ja testata sen luotettavuutta. Projektissa toteutettuun interventioon kuului kohonneen verenpaineen hoidon tueksi suunnitellun multimediapohjaisen tietokoneohjelman (OVH-ohjelma) ja sykemittarin käyttö, verenpaineen kotimittaukset sekä kaksi kävelytestiä. Tutkimus sisälsi neljä vaihetta. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa interventioryhmän (n = 21) potilaat haastateltiin. Aiheina olivat potilaiden hoitoon sitoutuminen ja suhtautuminen kohonneeseen verenpaineeseen sekä suhtautuminen tietotekniikkaan ja sen käyttöön kohonneen verenpaineen hoidon tukena. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä. Toisessa vaiheessa kehitettiin hoitoon sitoutumista arvioiva mittari, jonka luotettavuutta testattiin viiden eri terveyskeskuksen verenpainepotilailla (n = 103). Luotettavuuden arvioinnissa käytettiin osioiden välisiä korrelaatiokertoimia, face-validiteettia, faktorianalyysiä, osioiden välisiä korjattuja korrelaatiokertoimia, theeta-arvoa ja Pearsonin tulomomenttikorrelaatiokerrointa. Kolmannessa vaiheessa arvioitiin ja verrattiin interventio- ja vertailuryhmän potilaiden hoitoon sitoutumista (n = 14, n = 21) kehitetyn mittarin avulla sekä hoitotasapainoa (n = 16, n = 18). Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin kuvailevia arvoja, Mann Whitneyn U-testiä ja T-testiä. Neljännessä vaiheessa arvioitiin haastattelujen avulla sitä, miten interventio edisti potilaiden (n = 16) hoitoon sitoutumista. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä. Potilaiden suhtautuminen tietotekniikkaan ja sen käyttöön kohonneen verenpaineen hoidon tukena sekä suhtautuminen kohonneeseen verenpaineeseen ja sen hoitoon oli intervention lopussa myönteisempää kuin sen alussa. Interventio edisti tutkittavien hoitoon sitoutumista. He käyttivät suolaa vähemmän (p = .014), liikkuivat tehokkaammin (p = .017) ja kävivät hoitajan vastaanotolla harvemmin (p = .000) kuin vertailuryhmän potilaat. Tärkeimmät intervention osa-alueet olivat verenpaineen mittaus kotona ja arvojen lähettäminen terveyskeskukseen sekä sykemittarin käyttö. Sykemittarin käyttö lisäsi liikunnan tehokkuutta. OVH-ohjelman käyttö havainnollisti ja konkretisoi elintapoihin liittyviä asioita. Potilaat, jotka pitivät stressiä kohonneen verenpaineen syynä, eivät kokeneet tavoitteiden asettamista eivätkä myöskään ohjelman käyttöä mielekkääksi. Interventioryhmän diastolisen verenpaineen muutos kotimittauksissa oli intervention lopussa tilastollisesti melkein merkitsevä (p = .057) ja verenpainearvot olivat matalammat kotimittauksissa kuin vertailuryhmän potilaiden arvot. Tutkittavien verenpainearvot olivat kotimittauksissa matalammat kuin lääkärin mittauksissa terveysasemalla (SVP p = .000, DVP p = .003).

Medication non-compliance has become one of the most prevalent reasons for hospitalization and doctor's visits by the elderly. As the elderly population is more likely to have decreased cognitive abilities, it is suggested that neuropsychological factors, especially executive function, are more influential in medication non-compliance than once thought. This study looked at executive function performance on a traditional battery of neuropsychological tests, self-report of perceived ability to perform executive function tasks, and the newly developed Pillbox Test, a performance based IADL measure. The Pillbox Test is designed to replicate a type of medication-management specific IADL as a means to asses executive function. Standard executive function measures only tap a portion of executive function, but it is believed that the Pillbox Test incorporates all four theoretical domains of executive function. The multiple measures of executive function performance were compared in three prevalent subgroups of the elderly population (mixed neurological group, cardiac medical-control group, and healthy community-control group). Results found significant differences, where the community-control and cardiac groups outperformed the mixed neurological group on the large majority of executive function tasks. Smaller differences were also noted between the community-control and cardiac groups and between the cardiac and mixed neurological groups. Together, these findings provide support for the diagnostic prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in the older adult cardiac population. Results also indicated the level of executive dysfunction on standardized neuropsychological measures was highly correlated with performance on both the Pillbox Test and the IADL based Direct Assessment of Functional Status measure. Finally, the Pillbox Test has moderate to strong ecological validity with 75% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for five or more errors on this test.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T14:37:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rouzelimariacoelhopereira.pdf: 1227583 bytes, checksum: 6bf30204887e8bad003a4c456764d51c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:46:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rouzelimariacoelhopereira.pdf: 1227583 bytes, checksum: 6bf30204887e8bad003a4c456764d51c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rouzelimariacoelhopereira.pdf: 1227583 bytes, checksum: 6bf30204887e8bad003a4c456764d51c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-29 / A expansão da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) vem contribuindo significativamente para a contínua diminuição de novos casos de HIV em todo o mundo. A TARV, além de reduzir o risco de transmissão do vírus, permite que os portadores do HIV tenham maior sobrevida e com mais qualidade. No entanto, apesar da elevada eficácia deste tratamento a efetividade do mesmo tem sido prejudicada em virtude das dificuldades encontradas pelos pacientes em cumpri-lo adequadamente. Sendo assim, estimular a adesão à TARV com a promoção do uso racional de antirretrovirais, participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar na assistência, entre outras medidas faz-se uma necessidade iminente. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou estabelecer a relação entre cada classe terapêutica usada nos tratamentos de HIV em pacientes assistidos pelas Unidades de Dispensação de Medicamentos (UDM) do Centro de Atenção à Saúde da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) e o comportamento de adesão aos mesmos, na tentativa de identificar fatores que levam a não adesão ao tratamento e propor ações que promovam o uso racional dos medicamentos. Os dados relativos ao perfil sociodemográfico e dispensação de antirretrovirais a 291 pacientes atendidos na UDM entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2010 e a evolução destes pacientes em 2013, foram analisados descritivamente e pelo teste do qui-quadrado empregando o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 14. Os mesmos pacientes foram reavaliados em 2013, a fim de se observar o desfecho terapêutico e a evolução dos pacientes participantes deste estudo. O perfil dos pacientes foi traçado como sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, na faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos, solteiros, com 8 a 11 anos de estudo e residentes em Juiz de Fora. A maioria dos pacientes (60,8%) foi considerada como não aderentes ao tratamento a associação zidovudina + lamivudina + efavirenz foi a mais precrita (39,9% dos pacientes). A maior frequência de adesão (57,6%) se deu com as terapias compostas por inibidor de transcriptase reversa nucleosídeo-nucleotídeo + inibidor da transcriptase reversa não nucleosídeo. O maior índice de não adesão (64,3%) se deu entre os pacientes que usavam a composição inibidor de transcriptase reversa nucleosídeo-nucleotídeo + inibidor de protease .A reavaliação feita em 2013 revelou que 8,6% dos pacientes do inicio do estudo abandonaram o tratamento após 2011 e não houve diferença significativa entre este abandono e a não adesão observada na primeira fase do estudo. Também, não houve diferença significativa no número de óbitos e na mudança de tratamento comparando-se o grupo dos aderentes e não aderentes. Dos 291 pacientes, 87,3% deram seguimento à TARV, mesmo aqueles cujas retiradas de medicamentos eram irregulares na primeira fase do estudo. Os demais abandonaram o tratamento ou evoluíram à óbito. Diante do alto índice de não adesão (60,8%) encontrado na UDM, ressalta-se a importância de se estimular a realização de pesquisas de novos fármacos e formas farmacêuticas mais eficazes, com menos efeitos colaterais e economicamente viáveis para TARV e, por fim, subsidiar a elaboração dos consensos em terapia ARV e protocolos de Assistência Farmacêutica em DST/HIV/AIDS. / The expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has contributed significantly to the ongoing decline in new HIV cases worldwide. Besides reducing the risk of transmitting the virus, antiretroviral therapy allows HIV patients to survive longer and have a better quality of life. However, despite the high efficacy of this treatment, its effectiveness has been hampered given the difficulties patients experience in properly adhering to it. Therefore, encouraging the adherence to ART by promoting rational use of antiretrovirals, as well as the participation of a multidisciplinary team in such care, among other measures, is an imminent need. Thus, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between each therapeutic class used in HIV treatments in patients assisted by the Drug Dispensing Units (UDM) of the Secondary Service Center of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais (UFJF-MG) as well as patients’ adherence behavior, in an attempt to identify factors which lead to non-adherence to the treatment and to propose actions in order to promote the rational use of medicines. Data concerning the socio demographic and the dispensation of ARVs to 291 patients assisted by the DMU between January 2009 and December 2010 and the evolution of these patients in 2013 were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and the chi-square test by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14. The same patients were reassessed in 2013 in order to observe the therapeutic outcomes and patients’ progress with regards to their participation in this study. The profile of patients was outlined as being most man, aged between 41 and 50 years old, single, with 8-11 years of study and living in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most patients (60.8%) were considered as non-adherent to the treatment and the combination zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz was the most prescribed (39.9% of patients). The highest rate of adherence (57.6%) occurred with therapies composed of nucleotide-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The highest rate of non-adherence (64.3%) occurred among patients using nucleotide-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor + protease inhibitor. The reassessment done in 2013 revealed that 8.6% of patients from the beginning of the study dropped out of treatment after 2011 and there was no significant difference between abandonment and non-adherence observed in the first phase of the study. Also, there was no significant difference in the number of deaths and treatment changes when compared with the group of patients who adhered and the ones who did not adhere to the treatment. Out of the 291 patients, 87.3% adhered to the ART, even those whose medication withdrawals were irregular in the first phase of the study. The others either dropped out of treatment or developed to death. Given the high rate of non-adherence (60.8%) found in the UDM, the importance of encouraging the development of studies on more effective new drugs and dosage forms, with fewer side effects and that are economically viable, and finally, to subside the elaboration of consensus regarding ARV therapy and Pharmaceutical Care protocols for STD / HIV / AIDS should be emphasized.

The health care industry is currently experiencing many changes. Managed care is altering the way health care is delivered through advances in technology and new approaches in financing. As part of this transition, importance will be placed on patients becoming better consumers and participants in determining their health care service needs. The focus of this study is on the non-compliant patient and the many factors that revolve around this topic.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between having military discipline, the military rank, the branch of service, the number of years served, reserve status and if these factors would affect a veterans' compliancy in taking daily medication.