Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 748917 bytes, checksum: 8d3433d4568816bd8bc9f8c8b558d390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current dissertation proposes to investigate the positioning of the Brazilian right concerning the existence of an obligation of sexual character decurrent from the marriage contract, in the intention to evaluate if this, while main agreement that creates the family in the patriarchal molds, has been, since the beginning of contractual theorization, conceived having as presupposition the feminine subordination to the masculine domain, as if this resulted from a natural and universal order. Leaving from a feminist point of view, specially from the current known as Radical Feminism, it will be searched to analyze the marriage in its contractual manifestation, having as presumption the sexual contract theory of Carole Pateman and her thesis that there is a male sexual right of systematic access to the body of women, of which the sexual obligation derives directly. Initially, it will be presented the discussion about the separation proposed by the liberal theory between public and private, considering how much the inequality presented in the private sphere has been ignored throughout history and, therefore, socially legitimated. Later, it will be made a critical analysis about the liberal fiction of social contract, from the modern conception of patriarchy. Next, it will be undertaken the investigation itself about the reception of the obligation of sexual character (or conjugal debit) in the Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence. Finally, it will be taken into account that, although it s possible to glimpse a legal evolution in the sense of formally treating men and women as equals, the Brazilian legal system shows to be conservative and sexist when dignifying the marriage as the main form of family constitution and when serving as support to the male sexual right of systematic access to the body of women. / A presente dissertação se propõe a investigar o posicionamento do direito brasileiro acerca da existência de uma obrigação de caráter sexual decorrente do contrato de casamento, no intuito de avaliar se este, enquanto principal acordo que cria a família nos moldes patriarcais, tem sido, desde o início da teorização contratual, concebido tendo como pressuposto a subordinação feminina ao domínio masculino, como se isto resultasse de uma ordem natural e universal. Partindo de um ponto de vista feminista, notadamente da corrente conhecida como Feminismo Radical, buscar-se-á analisar o casamento em sua manifestação contratual, tendo como pressuposto a teoria do contrato sexual de Carole Pateman e sua tese de que existe um direito sexual masculino de acesso sistemático ao corpo das mulheres, do qual a obrigação sexual deriva diretamente. Inicialmente, será apresentada a discussão acerca da separação proposta pela teoria liberal entre público e privado, considerando o quanto as desigualdades presentes na esfera privada têm sido ignoradas ao longo da história e, portanto, legitimadas socialmente. Posteriormente, far-se-á uma análise crítica acerca da ficção liberal do contrato social, a partir da concepção moderna do patriarcado. Em seguida, será empreendida a investigação propriamente dita acerca do acolhimento da obrigação de caráter sexual (ou débito conjugal) na doutrina e na jurisprudência brasileira. Por fim, ter-se-á em conta que, embora seja possível vislumbrar uma evolução legal no sentido de tratar formalmente homens e mulheres como iguais, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro mostra-se conservador e sexista ao dignificar o casamento como principal forma de constituição da família e ao servir de respaldo ao direito sexual masculino de acesso sistemático ao corpo das mulheres.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_al_me_assis.pdf: 1118542 bytes, checksum: 316b0ef3edf35819d044265ed05c5069 (MD5) / Neste estudo descrevemos, brevemente, a trajetória do reconhecimento da violência contra a mulher como um grave problema social. Destacamos a participação do movimento feminista e sua importância enquanto manifestações, reivindicações, ações e pressões que tiveram como resultado, dentre outros, a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para o combate à violência contra a mulher. No Brasil, a criação das Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) foi uma importante conquista do movimento feminista, pois, deu maior visibilidade ao fenômeno da violência contra a mulher. Contudo, constatamos o quanto é complexa a relação entre as denunciantes, a DDM e o combate à violência contra a mulher. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o efeito da ideologia do gênero e do patriarcado na subjetividade de mulheres que sofrem violência na relação conjugal e denunciaram seus agressores na DDM; como também, investigar qual o significado e a importância da DDM na vida destas mulheres: suas expectativas e representações antes e depois de procurarem a delegacia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com quatro mulheres e na análise tomamos como principais categorias analíticas os conceitos de gênero, violência simbólica, patriarcado e poder. Constatamos que a desinformação e o medo são os grandes entraves que impedem as mulheres de efetivar e levar adiante a queixa contra seus agressores. Além disso, a DDM também apresenta dificuldades em oferecer um serviço que contemple a demanda das denúncias de violência de gênero no contexto conjugal, muitas vezes, banalizando a gravidade destas queixas. A efetivação do que lhe compete é realizada de forma lenta e ineficaz, levando as denunciantes a desacreditarem no papel desta instituição no combate à violência contra a mulher. / In this study, we describe briefly the awareness trajectory of the violence against women as a serious social problem. We emphasize the participation of the feminist movement and its importance as manifestations, claims, actions and pressures, which had as result, among others, the implantation of public policies turned to the combat to the violence against women. In Brazil, the creation of the Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher* (DDM) was a feminist movement.s important conquest. However, we noticed how much the relation among the denouncer, the DDM and the combat to the violence against woman is complex. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the patriarchy and gender ideology in the subjectivity of women who suffer violence in marital relation and denounce their aggressors in the DDM; and also; to investigate what the meaning and the importance of the DDM is in these women.s lives - their expectations and representations before and after looking for the police station. The data were collected through semi-directed interviews with four women, and in the analysis we took as main analytical categories the concepts of gender, symbolical violence, patriarchy and power. We noticed that the disinformation and the fear are the great locks that impede the women to effectuate and carry out the complaint against their aggressors. Besides, the DDM also presents difficulties in offering a service that contemplates the demand of the gender violence denounces in marital context, in many situations banalizing the gravity of these complaints.

Orientador: Maria de Fátima Araújo / Banca: Cassia Maria Carloto / Banca: Wiliam Siqueira Peres / Resumo: Neste estudo descrevemos, brevemente, a trajetória do reconhecimento da violência contra a mulher como um grave problema social. Destacamos a participação do movimento feminista e sua importância enquanto manifestações, reivindicações, ações e pressões que tiveram como resultado, dentre outros, a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para o combate à violência contra a mulher. No Brasil, a criação das Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) foi uma importante conquista do movimento feminista, pois, deu maior visibilidade ao fenômeno da violência contra a mulher. Contudo, constatamos o quanto é complexa a relação entre as denunciantes, a DDM e o combate à violência contra a mulher. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o efeito da ideologia do gênero e do patriarcado na subjetividade de mulheres que sofrem violência na relação conjugal e denunciaram seus agressores na DDM; como também, investigar qual o significado e a importância da DDM na vida destas mulheres: suas expectativas e representações antes e depois de procurarem a delegacia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com quatro mulheres e na análise tomamos como principais categorias analíticas os conceitos de gênero, violência simbólica, patriarcado e poder. Constatamos que a desinformação e o medo são os grandes entraves que impedem as mulheres de efetivar e levar adiante a queixa contra seus agressores. Além disso, a DDM também apresenta dificuldades em oferecer um serviço que contemple a demanda das denúncias de violência de gênero no contexto conjugal, muitas vezes, banalizando a gravidade destas queixas. A efetivação do que lhe compete é realizada de forma lenta e ineficaz, levando as denunciantes a desacreditarem no papel desta instituição no combate à violência contra a mulher. / Abstract: In this study, we describe briefly the awareness trajectory of the violence against women as a serious social problem. We emphasize the participation of the feminist movement and its importance as manifestations, claims, actions and pressures, which had as result, among others, the implantation of public policies turned to the combat to the violence against women. In Brazil, the creation of the "Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher"* (DDM) was a feminist movement.s important conquest. However, we noticed how much the relation among the denouncer, the DDM and the combat to the violence against woman is complex. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the patriarchy and gender ideology in the subjectivity of women who suffer violence in marital relation and denounce their aggressors in the DDM; and also; to investigate what the meaning and the importance of the DDM is in these women.s lives - their expectations and representations before and after looking for the police station. The data were collected through semi-directed interviews with four women, and in the analysis we took as main analytical categories the concepts of gender, symbolical violence, patriarchy and power. We noticed that the disinformation and the fear are the great locks that impede the women to effectuate and carry out the complaint against their aggressors. Besides, the DDM also presents difficulties in offering a service that contemplates the demand of the gender violence denounces in marital context, in many situations banalizing the gravity of these complaints. / Mestre

Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal Gouvea / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T15:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_MarianaLima_M.pdf: 983622 bytes, checksum: 3820d8bb963dd3f1a32d6afb847b347a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A presente Dissertação de Mestrado tem por objetivo analisar no romance histórico de Érico Veríssimo O Tempo e o Vento como a questão da dominação pessoal se apresenta no decorrer de 200 anos de história do Rio Grande do Sul. Dessa forma, sendo evidente de nossa formação social o caráter patrimonialista de dominação pessoal, pretende-se analisar como Érico Veríssimo deixa transparecer tais características, levando em consideração a trajetória de suas personagens evidenciadas principalmente através das relações entre as famílias Terra-Cambará, Amaral e Caré e os demais clãs da cidade fictícia de Santa Fé. / Abstract: The present Master's Dissertation seeks to analyze, inside of Érico Veríssimo's historic novel O Tempo e o Vento how the question of the personal domination presents itself throughout the 200-year span of the Rio Grande do Sul's history. That way, being evident the patrimonial characteristic of Personal Domination in our social formation, it tries to analyze how Érico Veríssimo lets said characteristics show themselves, taking in consideration the journey of his characters, showed mainly through the interactions between the families Terra-Cambará, Amaral and Caré and the other clans of the ficticious city of Santa Fé. / Mestrado / Pensamento Social Brasileiro / Mestre em Sociologia

Performativity” is employed in this study as a methodological approach to an understanding of patriarchy and its effects. As the materialized effect of the use of language and symbolization (speech acts, larger discourses, rituals) it fits within the broad frame of rhetorics, where the last highlights the creational or shaping force of language. Specifically the study focuses on an adapted version of Judith Butler’s notion of “performativity” in an analysis of the lives of various women. The term “performativity” is used in two fundamentally different senses. In the first, it refers to the prescriptions and expectations of patriarchy in regard to the identity and behaviour of its subjects, presented to them through master narratives. This sense of the word is pejorative in that “performativity” is a means of oppression and control. In the other sense of the word, “performatives” are those alternative ways of behaving and responding, chosen by women in their attempts to free themselves from the stifling effects of patriarchy and the master-narrative that it dictates. In this sense, the term actually refers to contra-performatives. Any study focusing on patriarchy necessarily requires an understanding of the origins and workings, as well as the effects, of that phenomenon. The study traces the development of the patriarchal system from pre-history, through Antiquity, into the Middle Ages and the Modern Era. This examination reveals the universality of patriarchy around the world and throughout history. The phenomenon is defined as an oppressive system of male domination within the family and society. As the study focuses particularly on the lives of two fourteenth century English women, Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich, an examination of English society of that period as a strongly gendered culture, is undertaken. The very limited options available to women are delineated: the choice confronting them was either marriage and procreation, or church and chastity. Margery Kempe initially chose the former, while Julian of Norwich chose the latter. How did these choices impact on their lives, and in what ways may they be regarded as “performative”? Through various speech acts and rituals, as well as their writing, these women confronted patriarchy, sometimes directly and overtly, and at other times subtly and covertly, in their endeavours to create for themselves an alternative to patriarchal oppression. Alternative discourses informed alternative “performances”. In order to demonstrate the universality over time and place of patriarchy and the universal, “performative” response of women to it, the focus then shifts to nineteenth and twentieth century South Africa, where the life-worlds of a diverse group of women are studied. Again, “performativity” as a tool of liberation in the hands of women such as James Barry, Olive Schreiner, Johanna Brandt and Ellen Kuzwayo, is examined. The value of “performativity” is then, emphasised in this study, particularly as a means for those who have for whatever reason – gender, sexual orientation, race, etcetera – been “othered”, to overcome the regime under which they suffer. Regimes which have existed throughout history. This study in a sense serves as a springboard for further research into the why and how of liberation from patriarchal and other oppression. / Prof. H. Viviers

In Bradbury’s dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451, knowledge is illegal, and popular culture is promoted as a way to control society. Guy Montag, the central character of the book, undergoes through a journey of liberation from the oppressive system to the further achievement of the forbidden knowledge. The female characters in the book are key to his awakening and evolvement. Unfortunately during the course of the story these women perish. Using the theories of Simone De Beauvoir and Janice Radway, this essay explores the concept of “otherness” and the consumption of popular culture in a patriarchal and oppressive society. This paper also argues that the construction of the masculinity of the protagonist would not be possible without the women, and their death is a violent reaffirmation of a patriarchal order.

Globally workplace violence is a pressing concern. It is an ever increasing problem and thus an extensive field to research. Despite an increase in interest, there are specific areas of workplace violence that remain relatively unexplored, and this is further compounded because workplace violence is not clearly defined and neither is it readily understood (Dolan 2000, Webster et al 2007). Women’s experiences of workplace violence have been overlooked, primarily because women exist within a patriarchal society, and many are deemed of a lesser value than men. A patriarchal society has elevated men into positions of power whilst women have more generally remained subordinate, and it is this which has led to many of the experiences of working women going unrecognised as violence and abuse (Morgan and Bjokrt, 2006). Subsequently, these encounters have remained unexplored and under-researched (Dale and Acik 2005). To address this imbalance my study has adopted a feminist standpoint. It is therefore based on in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with working women from a diverse range of occupations and backgrounds, and who have endured the lived reality of a working woman’s life. By taking such an approach this study has identified many of the patterns and trends of physical, psychological and sexual violence that are relevant to the suffering of working women. Further, the findings identify how working women face supplementary risks to those generically posed to the workforce. Additionally, this study identifies ‘risky traits’ that are pertinent to the experiences of women, including systems of male power and dominance, for example, male solidarity. These are systems that exist to the detriment of women, in that many women feel fearful, believing they are isolated and indeed vulnerable in the workplace. Moreover, the workplace offers workers minimal support, if any, to female victims of workplace violence which also impacts on the health and wellbeing of working women more generally.

This research explores the perceptions and experiences of female former child soldiers in regard to their reintegration within the community of Gulu District, northern Uganda. In many societies women are generally excluded due to prevailing patriarchal hegemonies, with northern Uganda being no exception. Moreover, former child soldiers are commonly marginalized and discriminated against because members of communities commonly believe that they should be punished for the perceived atrocities that they allegedly committed during times of conflict, rather than be reintegrated into society. In this regard female former child soldiers can be identified as a particularly vulnerable and marginalized group. Therefore, it can be suggested that although the distinction between traditional gender roles has been eroded during times of armed conflict, there is still widespread evidence that women are largely overlooked and disregarded in the process of peace building. In order to explore the perceptions and experiences of former female child soldiers, a qualitative case study method was utilized based on in-depth face to face interviews with women from Gulu District, northern Uganda. The findings of this study indicate that, even though these women went through considerable hardships, all of them displayed a strong sense of resilience. Many of them had taken on the role as active change agents in their own lives and provided an array of suggestions on how their situation could be improved. The major themes constructed from the study include: challenges facing returnees; facilitating factors for returnees and suggestions on improved reintegration. Based on these findings a number of recommendations emerged. The recommendations are presented in order to assist organizations and other stakeholders involved in reintegration of child soldiers in northern Uganda and elsewhere in the world. Apart from providing information to the existing body of research, future areas of proposed research are also outlined.

Siguiendo la tendencia de otros países de la región, el feminici­dio —el asesinato de mujeres por razones de género— ha sido incorporado en la legislación peruana como un tipo penal. Dicha inclusión es resultado del interés del Estado y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en producir políticas dirigidas a reducir la violen­cia de género, y ha marchado en correlato a un discurso sobre «el aumento del feminicidio» y a la aparición sistemática de noticias mediáticas e informes oficiales que advierten sobre su crecimiento exponencial. Este artículo muestra la situación del feminicidio en el Perú a través de una perspectiva comparada. El objetivo es dar cuenta de la incidencia del feminicidio en términos sociométricos y mostrar que no se trata de un fenómeno en crecimiento exponencial en términos epidemiológicos. Esto en función de reconocer dos problemas: por un lado, la manera de construir indicadores para cifras de registro criminal y sus formas de medición; por otro, para dar cuenta de la importancia de este fenómeno en una estructura de violencia más compleja y extendida. / Like other countries in the region, femicide—the gender-based murdering of women—has been incorporated into Peruvian law as a criminal offense. This inclusion is the result of the government and civil society organizations interest in producing policies aimed at reducing gender-based violence, and it has emerged as a result of a debate regarding «the increase in femicide» and the systematic appearance of media stories and official reports warning of an exponential growth. This article focuses upon the problem of femicide in Peru through a comparative approach. The aim is to account for the incidence of femicide in sociometric terms and demonstrate that this is not a phenomenon of exponential growth in epidemiological terms. This is achieved through the recognition of two issues: on the one hand, the way indicators are produced for criminal record figures and the ways these are measured; and on the other hand, through recognition of the importance of the significance of this phenomenon within a more complex and broader structure of violence.

My thesis explored the idea that inequality is a human-made perspective that has been informed concurrently through social and metaphysical structures. My intent has been to show how inequality as a learned man-made system of consciousness has played a pivotal role in justifying the exploitation of other cultures and the environment in the name of progress, advancement and human destiny. I have explored the idea that anthropocentrism and ethno-centric patriarchy has been woven so deeply into the fabric of modern perception that we are largely unconscious of its existence, even while we reap the results in both environmental and social degradation. My thesis has argued that a metaphysics, which supports equality, would result in a different value system that would prioritize diversity of life above and beyond human advancement, and emphasize cross-species interconnectedness thereby reducing the risk of exploitation inherent in the existing globally driven capitalist system.