Recent improvements in sequencing technologies have caused various interesting problems to arouse. Having millions of read sequences as the final product of sequencing genome at a lower cost compared to micro array era, has encouraged scientists to enhance previous methods in various areas of bioinformatics. Genotyping and generating genetic maps to study inherited genotypes in order to analyze specific traits in a population is one of the fields of bioinformatics that involves generating different genetic markers and identify polymorphisms in different individuals of a population. Presence/absence markers are the main focus of this thesis. This is one type of Restriction site Associate DNA (RAD) markers which is present in some samples and absent in others and is the sign of variation in the cut site of a restriction enzyme. However, the counts of markers in an experiment are highly correlated and calling true absence and presence is not a straightforward task which means any marker with zero count is not necessarily absent in the sample under study. This is also the case for non-zero count markers which are not necessarily present. A good model that can fit the data is able to make true calls. We propose two different contexts for designing such models as a solution to this problem and investigate their performance. On the other hand, utilizing features of next generation sequencing technology in an even more efficient way, requires the ability to multiplex high number of samples in a single experiment run. In that case, appropriate barcoding, that is robust to various sources of noise in the machine, becomes paramount. Designing such barcodes in an efficient way is a challenging task which is addressed in detail as another problem of this thesis. We make two contributions. One, we propose an algorithm for barcoding multiplexed RADSeq samples. Two, we propose an algorithm for the statistical selection of presence/absence markers on the basis of RADSeq data on two related individuals. Operating characteristics of our methods are explored using both simulated and real data.

Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad realus visuomenės dalyvavimas Lietuvoje atliekamose poveikio aplinkai vertinimo (PAV) procedūrose iki šiol mažai nagrinėtas, buvo atlikta Kauno regione vykdytų poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procedūrų ir visuomenės dalyvavimo jose analizė. Tyrimo metu buvo išanalizuota visi Kauno regione 2005-2009 m. pateikti poveikio aplinkai vertinimo proceso dokumentai, nustatytas visuomenės dalyvavimas juose, taip pat buvo atlikta apklausa, kurios metu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, pasyvaus visuomenės dalyvavimo priežastis. Atlikus Lietuvos Respublikos Poveikio aplinkai vertinimo įstatymų ir poįstatyminių teisės aktų analizę nustatyta, jog Lietuvoje yra sudarytos ES reikalavimus atitinkančios visuomenės dalyvavimo PAV procese sąlygos. Visuomenės dalyvavimo PAV procedūrose aktyvumas yra labai mažas: 2005-2009 m. visuomenė pareiškė savo nuomonę tik dėl 1,9-3,1 % vykdytų projektų atrankų dėl PAV būtinumo procedūrų; PAV programos rengimo procese, kur visuomenė gali daryti didžiausią įtaką visam PAV procesui, motyvuotų pasiūlymų iš viso nebuvo sulaukta; Supažindinimo su PAV ataskaita metu visuomenė nebuvo aktyvi ir motyvuotų pasiūlymų buvo sulaukta tik vienai 2007 m. parengtai ataskaitai dėl žvyro ir smėlio telkinio eksploatacijos. Visuomenės ir kitų PAV proceso dalyvių informavimas apie PAV eigą tik formalus, kadangi skelbimai laikraščiuose dažniausiai yra labai mažo formato, įdėti mažiausiai skaitomuose laikraščio puslapiuose, pateikta informacija ne visuomet informatyvi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In Kaunas region there has been made the analysis about the procedures of estimation of the effect on environment and society’s participation in it concerned with only a few cases of it having been analyzed. In this analysis there has been analyzed all the documents of the process of the effect on environment estimation that were received in 2005-2009 years in Kaunas. In the analysis there is defined the participation of society in this process, and also the testing has been made. It was tried to solve the reasons of passive participation of the society in the process of estimation of the effect on environment. The results of the analysis of Lithuania Republic Statute of Estimation of the effect on environment and the deeds of law have shown that in Lithuania there are all the conditions for the society to participate in this process, and all the conditions are defined by European Union requirements. The activity of the society’s participation in this process is very low: in 2005-2009 years the society expressed its opinion only about 1, 9- 3, 1 % of the selection of the projects that has been carried out in case to solve the necessity of the procedures. In the process of preparation of those procedures, in which the society can make the biggest influence to all the process, there has been received no motivate propositions. In the introduction of this process report to society, it was not active, there was only one motivate proposal to the report of the exploitation of sand... [to full text]

<p>This project was aimed to study the degradation of polystyrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS). SBS is used to modify bitumen, the binder in asphalt. From earlier studies it is known that SBS degrades in bitumen, but the degradation products have not been identified. To be able to determine the long term effects of SBS in the environment, degradation products need to be identified. Polystyrene forms rigid blocks with polybutadiene as a rubbery matrix between the ridgid blocks. When blended in bitumen, the polystyrene blocks are crosslinked to form a three dimensional network. SBS is an elastomer and has the ability to regain its shape after being a subject of mechanical force. According to the pre references the polymers had to be degraded in similar ways as they would in bitumen. Since bitumen is a very complex matrix with high boiling point and viscosity, there would be difficulties separating polymers from the bitumen. We made an assumption that it would be plausible for the degradation products formed in bitumen to form even with no bitumen present. Four different SBS polymers were used. One of the polymers was branched. Another had a high content of 1-2 polybutadiene. The third was a diblock copolymer (SB) with low styrene content compared to the others. The last was a linear SBS. The polymers were degraded in pieces of apparatus used for study ageing characteristics of bitumen as well as they were aged by refluxing in hexane. The degradation products were extracted by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and identified by GC-MS. Due to instrumental limits there were not many degradation products identified. The main products detected included saturated hydrocarbons in the range of 16-31 carbon atoms as well as squalene.</p> / <p>I det här projektet studerades nedbrytning av styren-butadien-styren block kopolymerer (SBS). SBS används för att modifiera bitumen vars användningsområde är som bindemedel i asfalt. Tidigare studier har visat att SBS bryts ned i bitumen, men nedbrytningsprodukterna har inte identfierats. För att kunna avgöra vad SBS har för långsiktiga effekter på miljön måste nedbrytnignsprodukterna identifieras. I SBS bildar polystyren styva block medan polybutadien fungerar som flexibla bryggor mellan polystyrenblocken. När SBS blandas med bitumen korslänkas polystyrenblocken så att ett tredimensionellt nätverk bildas. Eftersom SBS är en elastomer har den förmågan att återfå sin ursprungliga form efter att ha blivit utsatt för mekanisk stress. Enligt de givna förutsättningarna för studien skulle polymererna brytas ned på samma sätt som om de skulle ha varit lösta i bitumen. Eftersom bitumen är en komplex matris med hög kokpunkt och viskositet skulle det varit svårt att separera polymererna och deras nedbrytningsprodukter från bitumenet. Vi gjorde ett antagande om att det förmodligen bildas samma nedbrytningsprodukter som om bitumen varit närvarande även om nedbrytningen sker utan bitumen närvarande. Fyra olika SBS polymerer användes. En av polymererna var grenad. En annan hade en stor andel 1,2-polybutadien. Den tredje var en diblock kopolymer (SB) med lågt styren innehåll jämfört med de andra. Den sista polymeren var linjär. Polymererna åldrades i apparatur framtagen för att studera åldring av bitumen. Polymererna åldrades även genom att återloppskokas i hexan. Nedbrytningsprodukterna extraherades via fastfasextraktion (SPE) och identifierades med GC-MS. Genom instrumentella begränsningar kunde bara ett fåtal nedbrytningsprodukter identifieras. Bland de produkter som identifierades fanns alkaner och alkener med mellan 16 och 31 kolatomer, men även skvalen identifierades som nedbrytningsprodukt. Lågmolekylära ämnen kan ha ventilerats bort för att vi inte hade tillgång till apparatur för adsorbtion av flyktiga ämnen för injektion i GC-MS. </p>

This project was aimed to study the degradation of polystyrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS). SBS is used to modify bitumen, the binder in asphalt. From earlier studies it is known that SBS degrades in bitumen, but the degradation products have not been identified. To be able to determine the long term effects of SBS in the environment, degradation products need to be identified. Polystyrene forms rigid blocks with polybutadiene as a rubbery matrix between the ridgid blocks. When blended in bitumen, the polystyrene blocks are crosslinked to form a three dimensional network. SBS is an elastomer and has the ability to regain its shape after being a subject of mechanical force. According to the pre references the polymers had to be degraded in similar ways as they would in bitumen. Since bitumen is a very complex matrix with high boiling point and viscosity, there would be difficulties separating polymers from the bitumen. We made an assumption that it would be plausible for the degradation products formed in bitumen to form even with no bitumen present. Four different SBS polymers were used. One of the polymers was branched. Another had a high content of 1-2 polybutadiene. The third was a diblock copolymer (SB) with low styrene content compared to the others. The last was a linear SBS. The polymers were degraded in pieces of apparatus used for study ageing characteristics of bitumen as well as they were aged by refluxing in hexane. The degradation products were extracted by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and identified by GC-MS. Due to instrumental limits there were not many degradation products identified. The main products detected included saturated hydrocarbons in the range of 16-31 carbon atoms as well as squalene. / I det här projektet studerades nedbrytning av styren-butadien-styren block kopolymerer (SBS). SBS används för att modifiera bitumen vars användningsområde är som bindemedel i asfalt. Tidigare studier har visat att SBS bryts ned i bitumen, men nedbrytningsprodukterna har inte identfierats. För att kunna avgöra vad SBS har för långsiktiga effekter på miljön måste nedbrytnignsprodukterna identifieras. I SBS bildar polystyren styva block medan polybutadien fungerar som flexibla bryggor mellan polystyrenblocken. När SBS blandas med bitumen korslänkas polystyrenblocken så att ett tredimensionellt nätverk bildas. Eftersom SBS är en elastomer har den förmågan att återfå sin ursprungliga form efter att ha blivit utsatt för mekanisk stress. Enligt de givna förutsättningarna för studien skulle polymererna brytas ned på samma sätt som om de skulle ha varit lösta i bitumen. Eftersom bitumen är en komplex matris med hög kokpunkt och viskositet skulle det varit svårt att separera polymererna och deras nedbrytningsprodukter från bitumenet. Vi gjorde ett antagande om att det förmodligen bildas samma nedbrytningsprodukter som om bitumen varit närvarande även om nedbrytningen sker utan bitumen närvarande. Fyra olika SBS polymerer användes. En av polymererna var grenad. En annan hade en stor andel 1,2-polybutadien. Den tredje var en diblock kopolymer (SB) med lågt styren innehåll jämfört med de andra. Den sista polymeren var linjär. Polymererna åldrades i apparatur framtagen för att studera åldring av bitumen. Polymererna åldrades även genom att återloppskokas i hexan. Nedbrytningsprodukterna extraherades via fastfasextraktion (SPE) och identifierades med GC-MS. Genom instrumentella begränsningar kunde bara ett fåtal nedbrytningsprodukter identifieras. Bland de produkter som identifierades fanns alkaner och alkener med mellan 16 och 31 kolatomer, men även skvalen identifierades som nedbrytningsprodukt. Lågmolekylära ämnen kan ha ventilerats bort för att vi inte hade tillgång till apparatur för adsorbtion av flyktiga ämnen för injektion i GC-MS.

Magistriniame darbe „Planuojamos ūkinės veiklos poveikio aplinkai vertinimo taikymas ežerų restauravime Varležerio ežero pavyzdžiu“ aptariami PAV taikymo ežerų restauravime teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai. Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti ir įvertinti PŪV – ežerų restauravimo, bei konkrečiai Varležerio ežero poveikio aplinkai vertinimo ataskaitos atitikimą aplinkosauginiams reikalavimams. Darbo tikslui pasiekti nustatyti šie uždaviniai: apžvelgti poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procedūras ir teisinę bazę ES ir Lietuvoje bei mokslinę literatūrą šia tema, išnagrinėti parengtą Varležerio ežero PAV ataskaitą bei įvertinti jos atitiktį teisės aktams, išanalizuoti ataskaitos parengimo kokybę ir sprendinių galimą poveikį aplinkai, išanalizuoti ir įvertinti planuojamos ūkinės veiklos – ežerų restauravimo poveikio aplinkai vertinimo ataskaitos rengimo aspektus Lietuvoje. Apibendrinant gautus tyrimo rezultatus, pateikiamos išvados, jog rengiamų PAV ataskaitų kokybė nėra labai gera, tačiau padėtis pasikeistų į procesą įtraukus nepriklausomus ekspertus – vertintojus, visuomenės aktyvesnis dalyvavimas priimant aplinkosauginius sprendimus. / The Master‘s thesis „An Environment Impact Assessment of Planned Economic Activities Usage as Best Practice for Lake Restoration according “Varležeris” Lake’s Example” consider theoretical and practical aspects of EIA implementation for lakes restoration. Purpose of this work is exploring and evaluating An Environment Impact Assessment of “Varležeris” lake compliance to environment standards. The objectives of this work are: review EIA legal procedures of the EU and Lithuania as well as the scientific literature on this topic, explore “Varležeris” lake EIA report and assess compliance to legislation, analyze quality and the potential impact on the environment of certain report, evaluate aspects of EIA for lakes reports in Lithuania. Finally, according this research, certain conclusions are made: the EIA report quality is not very good, but situation will change if in process involve independent experts, also stringent expert qualification requirements and involve society in assessment process.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeRM.pdf: 5245197 bytes, checksum: e2a591b692b29f0a98a345fa8cdc01ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-29 / Quasi-experimental study, prospective with quantitative approach, performed at the Hospital do Cora??o in Natal, aimed at verified the existence of difference between the care given by health professionals to the patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in the Intensive Care Unit, before and after an educative intervention. The population was of 31 professionals, with data collected between november 05 of 2007 to march 27 of 2008. The results show a yong population, female gender, middle level of education, nursing technique, working between 05 and 09 years on nursing profession, and 01 to 04 years on Intensive Care Unit; almost all, never had an kind of training over prevent pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation; from those that had training, occur on the work place with duration from 12 to 24 hours. About endotracheal intubation, the cuff was tested with a sterilized syringe had a positive change after a educative intervention, increased from 75,0% to 100,0%; the sterile guide was used on 75,0% before and 100,0% after an educative intervention. Regarding endotracheal suction procedure, was not informed to the patient on 72,7% before, however was informed on 56,7% after; the hands was not previously washed 68,5% before, however was 63,3% after the procedure; mask was used on 74,2 % opportunities before and 76,7% after; the aspiration catheter had adequated size on 98,9% observation before and 100,0% after; the gaze was sterilized on 95,7% before and 100,0% after; the ventilator was connected to the patient during the aspiration intervals on 94,4% observation before and 100,0% after; the ambu bag was clean and protected on 76,1% before and 85,7% after; the aspiration catheter was discarded after be used on 98,9% before and 100,0% after; FIO2 was turned to the begging value on 32,9% observation before and 12,0% after; before the procedure 71,9% professions washed their hands and 73,3% after; before, notes of aspiration results were performed on 70,8% observation and 86,7% after. Regarding devices used on respiratory tract, aspirator flasks were not swapped on 84,6% observations before and 71,0% after; daily l?tex extention change was not performed on 93,6% observation before and 87,1% after; the ambu bag change was not performed on 50,0% observation before even if was duty or unprotected and on 75,8% opportunities was changed, after; nebulization was not prepared with sterile fluids or manipulated aseptically on 65,2% observation before, perhaps was on 71,7% after; before nebulizers were not changed on 65,2% observations, perhaps were on 60,9% after. Concerning ventilator breathing circuits, condense fluids cumulated on circuits were removed on 55,0% opportunities before, and 64,0% after; moisturizer was not filled with sterile water when already had small amount of liquid inside on 78,4% observations before, and 90,2% after; MV circuits were changed on 97,0% observations on presence of visible duty or when presents some kind of failure, before and 98,4% after. About body position, on 51,3% observations the decubitus position change were done before and 78,2% after; fowler position was maitened on 95,5% observations before and 98,2% after; Regarding respiratory physiotherapy, enteral diet was not interrupted before respiratory physiotherapy on 94,9% before and 90,0% after; respiratory physiotherapy devices were not disinfected or sterile on 69,6% observations before but they re on 60,0% after; before the cateter was not tested before introduction enteral diet or medications on 100,0% but after was done on 15,2%. About enteral feeding, intestine motility and measure of stomach contents were not done on 100,0% observations before, but was 15,2% after. We conclude that 05 of 07 valuated procedures in relation to MV, had a significant improvement on quality of care given after educative intervention, when compared before intervention / Estudo quase-experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, delineamento tempo-s?rie e dados prospectivos, realizado no Hospital do Cora??o de Natal, objetivando verificar a exist?ncia de diferen?a entre a assist?ncia prestada pelos profissionais de sa?de aos pacientes sob ventila??o mec?nica (VM) internados na UTI, antes e ap?s uma interven??o educativa. A popula??o fo de 31 profissionais, com dados coletados entre 05 de novembro de 2007 e 27 de mar?o de 2008. Os resultados mostram uma popula??o jovem, entre 20 e 30 anos de idade, do sexo feminino, ensino n?vel m?dio completo, na maioria, t?cnicos de enfermagem, trabalhando entre 05 e 09 anos na profiss?o, e 01 e 04 anos em UTI; a maioria nunca realizou treinamento acerca da preven??o de PAV; dos que realizaram, participaram em eventos da institui??o com dura??o entre 12 e 24 horas. Quanto ? intuba??o endotraqueal, o teste do cuff com seringa est?ril sofreu modifica??o positiva, ap?s a interven??o educativa, aumentando de 75,0% para 100,0%; o fio guia est?ril foi usado em 75,0% das ocasi?es antes e em 100,0% ap?s. Sobre aaspira??o endotraqueal, n?o foi explicado ao paciente sobre esse procedimento em 72,7% das situa??es antes, mas foi em 56,7% das vezes ap?s; a higieniza??o das m?os n?o foi realizada previamente em 68,5% das vezes antes, mas foi em 63,3% ap?s; a m?scara foi utilizada em 74,2% das oportunidades antes e em 76,7% ap?s; o cateter de aspira??o tinha o tamanho adequado em 98,9% das observa??es antes e em 100,0% ap?s; a gaze usada estava est?ril em 95,7% antes e em 100,0% ap?s; o ventilador foi conectado ao paciente durante os intervalos da aspira??o em 94,4% das oportunidades antes e em 100,0% ap?s; o ambu estava limpo e protegido em 76,1% das situa??es antes e em 85,7% ap?s; o cateter de aspira??o foi descartado ap?s o uso em 98,9% das oportunidades antes e em 100,0% ap?s; a extens?o de l?tex foi limpa em 86,5% das observa??es antes e em 93,3% ap?s; a FIO2 foi retornada ao valor inicial em 32,9% das vezes antes e em 12,0% ap?s; a higieniza??o das m?os ao t?rmino do procedimento foi feita em 71,9% das situa??es antes e em 73,3% ap?s; as anota??es referentes ? aspira??o foram feitas em 70,8% das observa??es antes e em 86,7% ap?s. Quanto aos dispositivos, a troca di?ria dos frascos aspiradores n?o foi obedecida em 84,6% das oportunidades antes e em 71,0% ap?s; a troca di?ria da extens?o de l?tex n?o foi realizada em 93,6% das vezes antes e em 87,1% ap?s; o ambu n?o foi trocado em 50,0% das observa??es, embora estivesse sujo e/ou desprotegido antes, mas em 75,8% das oportunidades esse dispositivo foi trocado ap?s; a nebuliza??o n?o foi preparada com flu?dos n?o est?reis e/ou manipulada assepticamente em 65,2% das ocasi?es antes; entretanto em 71,7% das vezes foram realizados ap?s; os nebulizadores n?o foram trocados em 65,2% das situa??es antes, mas foram em 60,9% ap?s. Acerca dos circuitos do VM, o condensado acumulado nos circuitos foi descartado em 55,0% das vezes antes e em 64,0% ap?s; o preenchimento do umidificador com ?gua, n?o foi feito em 78,4% das vezes em que possu?a l?quidos remanescentes antes e em 90,2% ap?s; os circuitos do VM foram trocados em 97,0% das oportunidades em que apresentavam sujidade vis?vel ou estavam defeituosos antes e em 98,4% ap?s. Quanto ? mudan?a de dec?bito, em 51,3% das vezes antes foi realizada e em 78,2% ap?s; a cabeceira do leito do paciente foi mantida elevada em 95,5% das observa??es antes e em 98,2% ap?s. Sobre a fisioterapia, a dieta enteral n?o foi interrompida antes das manobras fisioter?picas em 94,9% das situa??es antes e em 90,0% ap?s; os materiais usados durante a fisioterapia n?o estavam desinfetados e/ou est?reis em 69,6% das observa??es antes, mas estavam em 60,0% ap?s. Quanto ? nutri??o enteral, o teste da sonda antes de iniciar a dieta enteral ou de administrar medicamentos n?o foi realizado em nenhuma das oportunidades antes, entretanto foi em 15,2% ap?s; a motilidade intestinal e aferi??o do conte?do (residual) g?strico n?o foram verificadas em nenhuma das observa??es, mas foi em 15,2%, ap?s. Conclu?mos que, em 05 dos 07 procedimentos avaliados em rela??o ? VM, houve melhora significativa na qualidade da assist?ncia prestada quando comparados ao momento anterior ? interven??o educativa

Bakgrund: Offensiv kvalitetsutveckling innebär att ständigt sträva efter att möta och helst överträffa kundförväntningar. Små till medelstora organisationer kan med hjälp av en ISO 9001-certifiering öka sin konkurrenskraft och få ökade affärsvinster, men de stöter på flera svårigheter. Fallgropar är bland annat brist på resurser, processkunskap och förståelse för kvalitetsförbättringsverktyg.  Metod: En undersökning genomfördes i tre steg. Dels undersöktes processkraven i ISO 9001 och handbok för att kartlägga brister i det praktiska stödet, dels identifierades faktorer inom litteraturen som kan ge stöd för små till medelstora företag för att uppnå processkraven i ISO 9001. Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie med en aktionsforskningsstrategi där en huvudprocess hos en fallorganisation har kartlagts för att identifiera det pågående processarbetet. Dessa sammanställda data utgjorde grunden för ett stöd för fallorganisationens framtida processarbete i ISO 9001:2015. Dataanalys innefattar metoder och verktyg bland annat tematiska analyser, tabeller och diagram.   Resultat: Bristen på praktiskt stöd i ISO 9001-standarden och dess handbok visade sig vara liten. Istället framhävs vikten av förkunskap hos organisationen och ledningens engagemang som betydande faktorer för att införa processledning, uppfylla processkrav och upprätthålla en certifiering. Fallorganisationen uppvisade få av de positiva faktorer för processledning som identifierats i litteraturen. Stödet lyfter ett systematiskt processarbete och en systemsyn som centrala punkter.    Slutsatser: Fallorganisationens brister i processledning visar sig inte kunna överbryggas genom operativa verktyg. Snarare beror de på otillräckliga kunskaper och förberedelser, vilket kräver prioritering att införskaffa förståelse för processteori och engagemang från ledningen för att framgångsrikt uppnå en ISO 9001-certifiering. / Background: The backbone of Total Quality Management is to constantly strive to meet customer needs and exceed their expectations. By obtaining an ISO 9001 certificate small to medium-sized organizations can enhance their competitive position and increase business profit, but they encounter difficulties in doing so. Pitfalls include lack of resources, process knowledge and understanding of quality improvement tools.  Method: The study was conducted in three stages. First, the process requirements in ISO 9001 and its handbook were examined to map the lack of practical support. Next, practical support factors for business process management in small to medium-sized enterprises were identified in the literature. The study employs a case study approach with an action research strategy. Therefore, a main process at a case organization was mapped to identify the current process work. This compiled data serves as the foundation for the support created for the case organization. Data analysis methods and tools include thematic analyses, tables and diagrams.  Results: The lack of practical support in the ISO 9001 standard and its handbook was relatively minor. Instead, the importance of process know-how and management commitment are highlighted as significant factors. The case organization exhibited few of the favorable factors identified in the literature. The support created emphasizes systematic process work and system view as focal points.  Conclusion: The case organization’s deficiencies in process management cannot be remedied by operative tools. Rather, they are due to insufficient knowledge and inadequate preparation for ISO 9001. Preparation should include acquiring the necessary understanding of process management theory and increased management engagement.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T14:52:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaMariaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 9931928 bytes, checksum: 26e1ff7ff2ea69cdafbbf8e0db826dbe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-14T14:22:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaMariaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 9931928 bytes, checksum: 26e1ff7ff2ea69cdafbbf8e0db826dbe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T14:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelidaMariaBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 9931928 bytes, checksum: 26e1ff7ff2ea69cdafbbf8e0db826dbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-07 / Objetivo: Aumentar a ades?o ?s pr?ticas de preven??o de pneumonias associadas ? ventila??o mec?nica (PAV) em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI), atrav?s de um ciclo de melhoria interno. Metodologia: Foi aplicado um ciclo de melhoria da qualidade com desenho quase experimental do tipo antes e depois em duas UTI de um hospital p?blico no nordeste do Brasil, com um total de 19 leitos. Foram estabelecidos nove crit?rios de qualidade relacionados com a preven??o de PAV e um indicador composto com os quais se avaliou o n?vel basal de qualidade e posteriormente mais duas avalia??es subsequentes com intervalos de quatro meses buscando medir as poss?veis melhorias adquiridas nesses per?odos. O Gr?fico de Pareto foi utilizado para representar a frequ?ncia de n?o cumprimentos de cada crit?rio avaliado nos tr?s momentos. Utilizou-se o c?lculo de estima??o pontual e o intervalo de confian?a (95%) para a medi??o dos crit?rios. Para quantificar a efetividade da interven??o, calculou-se a melhoria absoluta e relativa, al?m da significa??o estat?stica da melhoria absoluta mediante o teste unilateral do valor de z. Resultados: Ocorreu uma ligeira melhoria em todos os crit?rios quando comparadas as duas primeiras avalia??es, por?m nesta compara??o inicial, apenas um crit?rio apresentou melhora estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). Na segunda compara??o feita entre a 1? e 3? avalia??es, os resultados revelaram melhora no cumprimento de quase todos os crit?rios, onde dos nove crit?rios estabelecidos, oito obtiveram melhora, sendo seis com melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05), dois com melhora sem signific?ncia e em um crit?rio houve piora no percentual de cumprimento. O indicador composto, que resume todos os crit?rios avaliados, obteve uma melhora significativa de quase 40% (p<0,05) na segunda compara??o. Conclus?es: A implanta??o de ciclos internos de melhoria constitui-se em importante ferramenta de gest?o da qualidade para incorpora??o de boas pr?ticas para preven??o de PAV em UTI. / Objective: To increase adherence of the preventive practices concerning Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units (ICU), through an internal improvement cycle. Methodology: A quality improvement cycle, quasi-experimental design before-after was applied in two ICUs of a public hospital in the northeast of Brazil, with a total of 19 beds. Nine quality criteria related to the prevention of VAP were established and a composite indicator with which to assess the baseline level of quality and later two more subsequent assessments at intervals of four months seeking measure possible improvements acquired during these periods. The Pareto chart was used to represent the frequency of non-compliance of each criterion assessed in three moments. It was used the point estimation and the confidence interval (95%) for the measurement of the criteria. To quantify the effectiveness of the intervention, it calculated the absolute and relative improvement, beyond the statistical significance of the absolute improvement through unilateral test value of z. Results: There was a slight improvement on all criteria when comparing the first two assessments, but this initial comparison, only one criteria showed a statistically significant improvement (p <0.05). In the second comparison between the 1st and 3rd evaluations, the results showed improvement in the performance of all the criteria almost, where the nine established criteria, eight showed improvement, and six with a statistically significant improvement (p <0.05), with two improvement without significance and one criteria has worsened in the percentage of compliance. The composite indicator, which summarizes all the criteria evaluated, obtained a significant improvement of almost 40% (p<0.05) in the second comparison. Conclusions: The implementation of an internal improvement cycle was an important tool in quality management for the adoption of best practices for the prevention of VAP in ICU.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao part1 Nelson Luis da Cunha.pdf: 8015945 bytes, checksum: 4d6119f1259b4290890438622c5cd008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / The city of Aparecida de Goiania-GO has a current estimate of 16,782,313 m² of urban roads, and there are still 51.5% to be paved. However, the technical staff of the mayor is facing a challenge related to the purchase of lateritic gravel for paving of these streets. Taking into account that most roads in the city has a low volume of traffic (N &#8804; 5.105), it becomes necessary to find an alternative solution to this adversity to show technical and economic viability. Through a partnership between the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and the city hall of Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, it was started a study to propose the use of nonconventional materials in paving. This way, initially a study was developed through laboratory tests of characterization, compactation, swelling, California Bearing Ratio and dynamic triaxial with the following materials: soil typical abundant in the area, crushed rock, quarry waste and hydrated lime type III and lateritic gravel. The results of these tests presented better performances for the mixtures soil (50%)-crushed rock(50%), soil(50%)- quarry waste(50%) and soil(91%)-lime(9%) which were the samples chosen for use in experimental pavement. To evaluate the behavior of these mixtures and lateritic gravel at layer pavement were used tests of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), loading plate and beam Benkelman during construction of subgrade, on base and at coating pre-mixed cold (PMF) and also six and twelve months after opening to traffic. At the end was made a cost estimate of materials used in each subarea for assessment of the economical viability and the possible replacement of lateritic gravel by these materials. It is possible to conclude that the mixtures studied in this research present technical, economical and environmental viability and can be used to replace the lateritic gravel traditionally used in paving in the region. / O município de Aparecida de Goiânia-GO tem uma estimativa atual de 16.782.313 m² de vias urbanas, sendo que deste total ainda faltam 51,5% para serem pavimentados. No entanto, a equipe técnica da prefeitura enfrenta um desafio relacionado à aquisição de cascalho para pavimentação dessas ruas. Tendo em vista que a maioria das vias do município apresenta baixo volume de tráfego (N&#8804; 5.105), torna-se necessário encontrar uma solução alternativa a essa adversidade que apresente viabilidade técnica e econômica. Uma parceria realizada entre a Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) e a Prefeitura de Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, iniciou um estudo para utilização de materiais não convencionais nas obras de pavimentação. Inicialmente foi desenvolvido um estudo laboratorial com ensaios de caracterização, compactação, expansão, Índice de Suporte Califórnia e triaxial dinâmico com os seguintes materiais: solo fino típico abundante na região, brita 1, expurgo de pedreira, cal hidratada do tipo CH-III e cascalho. Os resultados desses ensaios indicaram melhor desempenho para as misturas solo(50%)-brita1(50%), solo(50%)-expurgo(50%) e solo(91%)-cal(9%) que foram as amostras escolhidas para utilização em um trecho experimental. Para avaliar o comportamento dessas misturas e do cascalho laterítico na camada de base do pavimento foram realizados ensaios de penetrômetro dinâmico de cone (DCP), prova de carga sobre placa e viga Benkelman durante a construção no subleito, sobre a base e no revestimento de pré misturado a frio (PMF) e também seis e doze meses após abertura ao tráfego. Ao final realizou-se estimativa de custo dos materiais utilizados em cada subtrecho para avaliação da viabilidade econômica e a possível substituição do cascalho por esses materiais. Conclui-se que as misturas estudadas nesta pesquisa apresentam viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental e podem ser utilizados em substituição ao cascalho laterítico tradicionalmente usado nas obras de pavimentação da região. OBS: Está sobrescrito o 5 em 5.105. O programa não copia algumas formatações.