[pt] O uso frequente de dispositivos móveis de comunicação pode ser observado no cotidiano e gera implicações em diferentes campos, entre eles na Educação. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar percepções de universitários sobre o uso destes dispositivos, e particularmente dos telefones celulares, em atividades de estudo, em diálogo com referenciais teóricos da psicologia sócio-histórica, com foco nas relações entre comunicação e cognição. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, buscou-se também: descrever os principais modos de uso do celular em atividades de estudo; compreender as motivações para os usos identificados; verificar as percepções de ganhos relacionados à realização de atividades de estudo com uso dos dispositivos; identificar se existem diferenças de usos e de visões entre estudantes das Ciências Exatas e das Ciências Humanas. De caráter qualitativo, a pesquisa teve como procedimentos metodológicos a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas a 20 estudantes de seis cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e a análise de conteúdo de cada uma delas. Os dados produzidos indicam que os estudantes valorizam a aprendizagem entre pares mediada pelos dispositivos móveis de comunicação e reconhecem ganhos advindos das interações que acontecem nos ambientes virtuais. Por outro lado, apontam o uso destes dispositivos como fonte de distração ou de fuga em situações desinteressantes, entediantes ou incômodas em sala de aula; e têm a expectativa de que seus professores desempenhem papel ativo na proposição de atividades que utilizem dispositivos móveis como recurso pedagógico. / [en] The frequent use of mobile communication devices can be observed in the daily life and generates implications in different fields, among them in Education. This research aimed to identify the perceptions of university students about the use of these devices, specifically mobile phones, in study activities, in dialogue with theoretical references of socio-historical psychology, focusing on the relations between communication and cognition. In the development of the research, we also seek: to describe the main ways of using the mobile phone in study activities; to understand the motivations for identified uses; to verify the earnings perceptions related to the performance of study activities using the devices; to identify if there are differences of uses and visions among students of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) and students of Humanities and Social Sciences. As a qualitative study, the research had as methodological procedures the application of semi-structured interviews to 20 students from six undergraduate courses of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Unirio) and the content analysis of each one of them. The data produced indicate that students value peer-to-peer learning mediated by mobile communication devices and recognize gains in interactions that occur in virtual environments. On the other hand, they point to the use of these devices as a source of distraction or escape in situations uninteresting, annoying or uncomfortable in the classroom; and they have the expectation that their teachers play an active role in proposing activities that use mobile devices as a pedagogical resource.

Conservatoires all over the world are re-examining their educational roles and practices in a changing cultural and economic context, including re-evaluating their function as sites of relevant learning. This dissertation by publication contributes to this re-examination by investigating understandings of assessment, evaluative reflection, the relationship between know-how and knowledge, autonomous learning, community of practice and the student experience of these pedagogies in one Queensland conservatorium. The study is presented in the form of a synopsis and five publications, with additional data that will form the basis of further post-doctoral publication. It is focused on non-traditional pedagogical processes operating within a bachelor of popular music program, processes that have been intuited by the academic teacher who is also the author of this dissertation. What these processes have in common is the philosophical rejection of teacher-led pedagogy and an insistence upon, and scaffolding of, self-directed student action and reflection. The aim of the dissertation, in keeping with the rationale for a professional doctorate, is to subject this approach to systematic theoretical and empirical scrutiny, and thereby to further refine and strengthen the practices in terms of their capacity to engage young people in self-directed approaches to quality music making. John Biggs's presage/process/product learning model (1999) provides a structure for this systematic evaluation of the pedagogical work. The study understands the learning characteristics that students bring to the program, combined with the structures and pedagogical approaches in place in the program, to be the key presage elements; the learning activities (including assessment as learning) that occur within the program are the key process elements; the key products are the learning outcomes for the students and the ongoing development of the program and pedagogical approaches informed by reflection on empirical data including data collected as part of this research. The study demonstrates the significance of recognising and valuing presage and process elements that enable students to perform from the basis of their intuitive know how while being recorded, and then apply their knowledge-based critical reflection skills to an appraisal of their own work and the work of their peers while hearing the recording played back. While not displacing the teacher as mentor and critical friend, this moves responsibility for learning to the student as a self-monitoring, strategic decision-maker about the nature and quality of their learning products. The program requirement that students write meaningfully about the process appears to encourage the embracing of both conscious and unconscious ways of knowing and doing. As a documentation of this type of teaching, the study presents an argument for a broader incorporation of student-led pedagogy into higher education in general and conservatoria in particular. It concludes that aspects of education that enhance students' abilities to learn, including self- and peer assessment, self-directed learning, reflective practice, and both independent and collaborative work that incorporates program-wide learning, are likely to enhance integrated creative practice. This project has made it possible to disseminate a scholarly engagement with such processes through publication in academic and professional contexts.

Diese Analyse gibt einen Überblick über die Erfahrungen von außerschulischen politischen Bildungsprojekten mit dem Peer Education Ansatz und erstellt darauf aufbauend Handlungsempfehlungen, die für die Arbeit mit Peer Education innerhalb der politischen Bildung verwendet werden können, heraus. Um diese Analyse zu vollziehen, wurden vier Peer Projekte aus Sachsen interviewt. Ziel dieser Analyse war es mithilfe von leitfadengestützten Expert:inneninterviews von Bildungsprojekten aus Sachsen, die mit dem Peer Education Ansatz arbeiten, Berichte und Erfahrungen auszuwerten und zu vergleichen. Anhand theoriegestützter Hypothesen wurden dann in einem nächsten Schritt die in den Interviews beschriebenen Problematiken, Herausforderungen oder auch positiven Erfahrungen wissenschaftlich gestützt. Aufgrund der mangelnde Datenlage kann diese Analyse einen Einblick in die Arbeit mit Peer Education innerhalb der politischen Bildung liefern und die prekär vorliegende Forschung zu dieser Thematik in einigen Erkenntnissen ergänzen. Schlussendlich zeigt die Analyse der Peer Projekte aus Sachsen, dass dieser Ansatz eine gute Möglichkeit darstellt politische Bildung auf Augenhöhe zu gewährleisten und Jugendliche dazu befähigt selbstbewusster und selbstsicherer ihre Meinungen in Demokratie und Gesellschaft einzubringen.:1. Politische Bildung mal anders 2. Politische Bildung 2.1 Theoretische Einordnung und Forschungsstand 2.2 Rahmenbedingungen 3. Peer Education 3.1 Theoretische Einordnung und Forschungsstand 3.2 Peer Education innerhalb der politischen Bildung 3.3 Hypothesen 4. Methodik 4.1 Materialsammlung 4.2 Materialauswertung 4.3 Desiderate 5. Fallauswahl 5.1 Kriterien Fallauswahl 5.2 Begründung Fallauswahl und Vorstellung der Vereine und Projekte 6. Darstellung und Vergleich der Ergebnisse 7. Positive und negative Erfahrungen in den Projekten 8. Bewertung mithilfe der Hypothesen 9. Handlungs- und Projektdurchführungsempfehlungen 10. Fazit 11. Literaturverzeichnis 12. Anhang

The researcher wants to create a learning environment where learners are much more involved in their own learning. The progressive teaching design implies that the contribution of the learner to the development of knowledge is recognised. The educator also acknowledges the learner as a social being reliant on interaction with others to generate meaning. The problem statement for this study is based on the researcher’s opinion that In South African schools rote learning and memorisation are still the main methods of learning. The reason for this is because the majority of educators have been schooled in the traditional educational paradigm where the teaching process essentially revolves around the educator. In such a system learners who can recall facts best and obtain the best grades are regarded as having learnt well. The researcher contests the assertion that the learners learnt authentically. The progressive teaching approach is proffered by the educator as an alternative for the attainment of authentic learning in a grade 10 Economics classroom. In an authentic learning environment learners are prepared to face challenges in the real world through the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Learners collaborate and cooperate as members of a group to unravel problems. The researcher makes use of a qualitative research design for this study. The grade 10 Economics class of the researcher is used a case study to ascertain whether a progressive teaching approach can enhance authentic learning. Twelve learners out 26 that indicated that they would participate eventually took part in the study. The research instruments used were the video recorded lessons, teacher observation sheets and learner focused-group interviews. One of the findings from the study was that authentic learning skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking can be developed through the educator using the progressive teaching approach. This is in line with the principles of the CAPS for Economics. Another finding is that although more learner involvement is required for the progressive approach, the role of the educator remains crucial as a knowledge expert and a facilitator in the classroom. A further finding was that learners embraced the co-operative learning strategy which is one of the fundamentals of authentic learning. They enjoyed teaching to and learning from one another in group work. Finally, learners appreciated the use of cartoons and team-games by the progressive educator as additional strategies to further authenticate and enhance the learning experience. In summary the researcher wants to contend that from the literature study, the findings of the empirical research and the recommendation of this study that by working within the parameters of the CAPS for Economics, authentic learning can be achieved via a progressive teaching design. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The researcher wants to create a learning environment where learners are much more involved in their own learning. The progressive teaching design implies that the contribution of the learner to the development of knowledge is recognised. The educator also acknowledges the learner as a social being reliant on interaction with others to generate meaning. The problem statement for this study is based on the researcher’s opinion that In South African schools rote learning and memorisation are still the main methods of learning. The reason for this is because the majority of educators have been schooled in the traditional educational paradigm where the teaching process essentially revolves around the educator. In such a system learners who can recall facts best and obtain the best grades are regarded as having learnt well. The researcher contests the assertion that the learners learnt authentically. The progressive teaching approach is proffered by the educator as an alternative for the attainment of authentic learning in a grade 10 Economics classroom. In an authentic learning environment learners are prepared to face challenges in the real world through the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Learners collaborate and cooperate as members of a group to unravel problems. The researcher makes use of a qualitative research design for this study. The grade 10 Economics class of the researcher is used a case study to ascertain whether a progressive teaching approach can enhance authentic learning. Twelve learners out 26 that indicated that they would participate eventually took part in the study. The research instruments used were the video recorded lessons, teacher observation sheets and learner focused-group interviews. One of the findings from the study was that authentic learning skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking can be developed through the educator using the progressive teaching approach. This is in line with the principles of the CAPS for Economics. Another finding is that although more learner involvement is required for the progressive approach, the role of the educator remains crucial as a knowledge expert and a facilitator in the classroom. A further finding was that learners embraced the co-operative learning strategy which is one of the fundamentals of authentic learning. They enjoyed teaching to and learning from one another in group work. Finally, learners appreciated the use of cartoons and team-games by the progressive educator as additional strategies to further authenticate and enhance the learning experience. In summary the researcher wants to contend that from the literature study, the findings of the empirical research and the recommendation of this study that by working within the parameters of the CAPS for Economics, authentic learning can be achieved via a progressive teaching design. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Elevers grupparbeten utgör en betydande del av HKK-undervisningen. Tidigare forskning kring elevers grupparbeten i allmänhet är omfattande, men forskning gällande elevers grupparbeten inom HKK är ytterst begränsad. Som utpräglat processämne är det av största vikt att eleverna ges möjlighet att träna på praktiska moment inom hem- och konsumentkunskap (HKK), för att eleverna ska kunna utveckla kunskap i handling vilket sedermera ska bedömas av undervisande lärare. Syfte Syftet med studien var att utforska lärares uppfattningar, upplevelser och erfarenheter av grupparbete i HKK. Metod Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med tio HKK-lärare runtom i Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Det mest framträdande resultatet i studien var att arbetsformen grupparbete var dominerande i såväl praktiskt som teoretiskt arbete inom HKK. Ramfaktorer påverkade, styrde och begränsade undervisningen. Samarbete, kamratlärande, trygghet och praktisk träning var främsta syften med grupparbeten inom HKK. Det sociala klimatet, elevernaskunskapsnivå och särskilda behov var de faktorer som främst togs i beaktning vid sammansättning av elevgrupper. Lärarnas arbete kring elevgruppernas varaktighet skilde sig åt. Observationer var den vanligaste bedömningsformen när elever arbetade i grupp. Bedömning av elever som arbetade i grupp upplevdes vara svårt och utmanande bland lärarna i studien. Slutsats Grupparbete som undervisningsmetod framstår som rådande kutym inom ämnet. Studien påvisade brister med denna undervisningsmetod, främst utifrån bedömningsaspekten. Med mer noggrant uttänkta strategier för varför, hur och när det vore lämpligt att använda grupparbete som undervisningsmetod anser vi att HKK-läraren har möjlighet att höja kvaliteten på såväl undervisning som bedömning. / ABSTRACT  Background Students' group work constitutes a significant part of the teaching in Home and Consumer Studies (HCS). Previous research on students 'group work in general is extensive, but research on students' group work within HCS is extremely limited. As a distinct process subject, it is of the utmost importance that students are given the opportunity to practice practical elements in HCS, so that students can develop ”knowledge in action”, which will be assessed by the teacher.  Objective The aim of the study was to explore the teachers’ perceptions and experiences regarding group work in HCS.  Method Qualitative interviews were conducted with ten teachers in HCS within Sweden. The interviews were analyzed on the basis of content analysis.  Results The most prominent result in the study was that group work was dominant in both practical and theoretical work within HCS. Framework factors influenced, controlled and limited teaching. Cooperation, peer learning, safety and practical training were the main purposes of group work within HCS. The social climate, the students' level of knowledge and special needs were the factors that were mainly taken into account when composing student groups. The teachers' work on the duration of the student groups differed. Observations were the most common form of assessment when students worked in groups. Assessment of students who worked in groups was perceived as difficult and challenging among the teachers in the study.  Conclusion Group work as a teaching method appears to be the prevailing custom within the subject. The study demonstrated shortcomings with this teaching method, mainly based on the assessment aspect. With more carefully thought out strategies for why, how and when it would be appropriate to use group work as a teaching method, we believe that the HCS teacher has the opportunity to raise the quality of both teaching and assessment.