Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / The study will analyse section 37C of the Pension Funds Act, 24 of 1956. This section limits the deceased’s freedom of testate by placing the death benefits and the control of the board of trustees who are tasked to distribute such benefits equitably among the dependants and nominees of the deceased. Section 37C of the Act was enacted to protect dependency by ensuring that the dependants of the deceased are not left in destitute. In order to achieve this, three duties are placed on the board of trustees namely, to identify the dependants and nominees of the deceased member; to effect an equitable distribution of the benefit among the beneficiaries; and to determine an appropriate mode of payment. This section sees to all the interest of the dependants without discriminating consequently there are three classes of dependants that are created under section 37C namely; legal dependants, non-legal dependants, and future dependants.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This mini-dissertation discusses South African social security and retirement reforms that will be used as guidelines towards promulgation of the new Pension Funds Act which will incorporate both private and public pensions. These proposals have been highlighted in the Retirement Reform Discussion Paper issued by National Treasury in 2004 and the Social Security and Retirement Reform paper, issued by both National Treasury and Department of Social Development, 2007. Further, the recent discussion papers entitled ‘Strengthening Retirement Savings and a Safer Financial Sector to Serve South Africa Better’ published in 2011 and 2012 respectively have strengthened social security and retirement reforms debate in South Africa. This mini-dissertation will incorporate both social security and retirement reforms.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) University of Limpopo, 2013

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / The study will analyse section 37C of the Pension Funds Act, 24 of 1956. This section limits the deceased’s freedom of testate by placing the death benefits and the control of the board of trustees who are tasked to distribute such benefits equitably among the dependants and nominees of the deceased. Section 37C of the Act was enacted to protect dependency by ensuring that the dependants of the deceased are not left in destitute. In order to achieve this, three duties are placed on the board of trustees namely, to identify the dependants and nominees of the deceased member; to effect an equitable distribution of the benefit among the beneficiaries; and to determine an appropriate mode of payment. This section sees to all the interest of the dependants without discriminating consequently there are three classes of dependants that are created under section 37C namely; legal dependants, non-legal dependants, and future dependants.

Aux fins de ce mémoire nous avons réalisé une recherche sur le thème de la responsabilité internationale de l'État du fait de ses entreprises transnationales. Les sociétés transnationales font en effet l'objet d'une attention accrue depuis la dernière décennie: les allégations de violations des droits humains à leur encontre se multiplient à mesure qu'est dénoncé leur moindre encadrement juridique à l'échelle internationale. Cette situation est d'autant plus critique dans le secteur de l'industrie extractive - minière et pétrolière - où les conflits entre entreprises et communautés locales tendent à être exacerbés par le potentiel à la fois de pollution et de rivalité pour l'accès aux ressources naturelles qu'implique ce type d'activité. Notre mémoire aura pour particularité de centrer l'analyse, non pas sur la responsabilité de ces sociétés transnationales, mais plutôt sur le rôle que l'État joue, et peut jouer, dans cet état de fait. Il arrive en effet que les États financent, de manière plus ou moins directe, les activités de ces entreprises. C'est notamment la situation au Canada, au travers des activités de deux sociétés d'État: Exportation et Développement Canada - l'agence de crédit à l'exportation officielle du Canada - et l'Office d'Investissement du Régime de Pension Canada. Il s'agit de deux sociétés d'État qui accordent des prêts pour des projets, ou bien investissent directement dans des entreprises transnationales, qui présentent parfois de pauvres records en termes de respect des droits de la personne. En ce sens, nous chercherons, tout au long de ce mémoire, à déterminer si l'État qui finance des activités contraires aux droits humains encourt une responsabilité au niveau international. Notre analyse s'organise par conséquent en trois temps, autour de la relation entre l'État canadien, ses deux sociétés d'État et les STN exclusivement établies sur son territoire. Il s'agit tout d'abord de mettre en lumière les enjeux présentés par les activités des entreprise de l'industrie extractive en matière de respect des droits humains, et d'exposer en parallèle l'influence et le fonctionnement des deux organismes publics visés. Puis, nous exposerons la responsabilité potentielle en deux déclinaisons: la responsabilité de l'État du fait des acteurs privés pour fait internationalement illicite et la responsabilité de l'État du fait de ses propres manquements à ses obligations. Le fait de circonscrire l'étendue de la responsabilité de l'État en la matière, nous permettra en partie de dégager les implications pratiques qui en résultent pour le Canada et, de manière générale, pour l'ensemble des États. Notre travail de réflexion se veut donc appréhender de manière essentiellement théorique, c'est-à-dire en laissant de côté l'aspect pratique de la mise-en-œuvre, le cadre juridique international de la responsabilité des États afin de savoir s'il pourrait s'avérer potentiellement utile dans l'objectif, finalement, d'une responsabilisation commune de l'ensemble des acteurs intervenant dans les violations des droits humains. ______________________________________________________________________________

Bakgrund och problem: IAS 19 genomgår en ny förändring då en av redovisningsmetoderna för aktuariella vinster och förluster avskaffas. Korridormetoden, som fungerar som en utjämningsmekanism är den mest frekvent tillämpade metoden av stora börsnoterade bolag i Sverige. Avskaffningen av metoden väntas få effekter på dessa företags finansiella ställning då företag 2013 kommer tvingas ta fram sina oredovisade aktuariella förluster och redovisa dessa i sin helhet. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera berörda aktörers uppfattning om nya IAS 19 som träder i kraft 2013 samt vilken påverkan den förväntas ha på börsnoterade företag som idag tillämpar korridormetoden. Metod: Genom intervjuer inhämtade vi material av kvalitativ natur. Data av denna karaktär är bäst lämpad för vår studie då vi vill undersöka inställningar till en förändring som ännu inte har trätt i kraft och som kommer beröra företags finansiella rapportering. Resultat och slutsats: Kritiken från två av de tillfrågade gällande korridormetoden rör inte den utjämningsmekanism som finns, utan snarare att metoden inte har genomfört sitt syfte som man upptäckt på senare år.  Detta har i sin tur lett till att företag samlat på sig stora aktuariella förluster i samband med sina pensionsåtaganden. Då IAS 19 har krävt flera omarbetningar och den senaste modifieringen av standarden kan ses som en tillfällig lösning tills att man kommer fram till en metod som speglar skulden på ett mer korrekt sätt. Borttagandet av korridormetoden har enligt respondenterna fler fördelar än nackdelar vilket för pensionsredovisningen vidare i utvecklingen. Dock medger alla respondenter att komplexiteten fortfarande är för bred för att IAS 19 inte ska kräva ännu mera omarbetning. Vi ser ännu inte att problemen med pensionsredovisningen är nära att nå sitt slut. Respondenternas attityder kring problemet är att en förenkling eftersträvas men vägledning som leder till lösning på problemet är ännu mer avlägset. Ingen av våra respondenter har framfört att borttagandet av korridormetoden är självaste lösningen på problemet. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi skulle tycka det vore intressant om man undersökte efter övergången till en av de andra två metoderna för att mäta de effekter som slopandet av korridormetoden medförde. Hur stora aktuariella förluster fick företag inom Large Cap? / Background to problem: IAS 19, is undergoing a new change when one of the accounting methods to actuarial gains and losses is eliminated. The corridor method, which acts as a clearing mechanism is the most frequently applied method of large listed companies. Abolishment of the method is expected to have an impact on their financial position starting in the year 2013. Companies are forced to report its unrecognized actuarial losses and account these entirely. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study the actors' perception of the new IAS 19 which comes into force in 2013 and the expected impact on the large listed companies applying the corridor method at present. Methodology: We acquired materials of a qualitative nature through interviews. Data of this nature is best suited for our study because we want to examine the settings for a change that has not yet entered into force and is expected to affect the company’s financial reporting. Conclusions: The criticism from two of the surveyed does not concern the meaning of the standard IAS 19 parse, but rather that the method has not fulfilled its purpose as exposed in recent years. This has in turn led to accumulated actuarial losses related to its pension commitments.IAS 19 has required several revisions, and the latest modification of the standard can be viewed as a temporary solution until a method that reflects the debt in a more accurate way is achieved. Removal of the corridor method, according to respondents, has more advantages than disadvantages which leads the pension accounting further in development. However, all respondents admit that the complexity is still too wide for IAS 19, and will require more adjustments. We do not see that the problems with pension accounting are close to reaching its end. Respondents' attitudes to the problem are that the simplification is needed, but guidance that leads to the solution of the problem is even more remote. None of our respondents have said that the removal of the corridor approach is the solution to the major problem of pension accounting. Suggestions for further research: We would find it interesting if a study is made after the transition to one of the other two methods, measuring the impact of the abolition of the corridor approach. How large actuarial losses were companies in the large-cap hit of?

Impact of private pension funds on capital market Final work of University Postgraduate Studies consists of 73 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables, 81 sources of literature and 3 appendixes, in Lithuanian. Key words:pensions, social security, pension reform, private pension funds, capital market. The object of research is private pension funds. The aim of research is to estimate impact of private pension funds on capital market. The objektives are: 1) specify the concept of private pension funds, 2) perform theoretical analysis of private pension funds activity, 3) estimatepossible possible position of private pension funds in capital market, 4) frame the methodology of the estimation the impact of private pension funds on capital market, 5) traverse the capital market in Lithuania and investment of private pension funds, 6) estimate the factors of private pension funds that determinant the potential impact on capital market, 7)estimate the impact of private pension funds on capital market. methods of research: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, logical analysis and synthesis, comparable analysis, graphic methods of modeling.

La tesis pretende demostrar que el desarrollo de pensiones complementarias en países emergentes puede ser una fórmula posible de reducción de la pobreza en la vejez, entendida esta como la provisión de elementos suficientes para que el ingreso tras el retiro permita mantenimientos dignos del nivel de vida. Para ello se analiza la viabilidad económica para las empresas y el Estado, y la suficiencia económica para las personas. Concretamente esta tesis investiga acerca del nivel adicional de coste que pueden tener las empresas en el desarrollo de pensiones complementarias que sean suficientes para mantener el nivel de vida. Se determina el incremento en sus costes laborales, también la incidencia que un marco impositivo ad-hoc puede tener para ellas. / The doctoral thesis demonstrates that occupational pension plan development in emerging countries can be a way to prevent poverty in old age, understood as income under retirement would be enough to maintain a minimum standard of living. Thus, the economic feasibility for companies and governments is analyzed. This thesis also deals with level of coverage for population as well. More specifically, research is focused on additional cost for companies to set up occupational pension plans, after designing several models. Labour cost increasing is calculated and put on place comparing among different countries with the benchmarked case study, the Dominican Republic. A tax framework for the country and its companies is proposed and validated, foreseeing the economic flows during the next following 25 years.

From the 1990s, welfare state and civil society in Taiwan were confronted with challenges and opportunities brought by population ageing. The author chooses NPOs with "Active Ageing" programs for the elderly, a group thriving as a consequence of Taiwan's unique transitional democratization and privatization under Neoliberalism, as a case to systematically investigate the governance structure. Four core NPOs of various scales and capacities are sampled while their stakeholders are also interviewed. Findings reveal that after the pension reform made possible by social movement and electoral politics, these institutionalized social forces secure their position in the welfare delivery system. However, problems remain unresolved because of structural inertia while NPOs operate under the changing field frame and conflicting institutional logics between the welfare state and civil society. Though partially impeded, NPOs develop an East-Asian way of solution with various counterplots. Contrasting rationales of networking explain NPOs' diverse achievements while quasi-subordination and structural loop consolidate respective constituency. Four patterns of perceived relational social capital relate to NPOs' networking practices and institutional settings. The connection among institutions, networking configurations, and relations further crystalizes the tripartite governance structure composed of the institutional, technical, and social environment. Legitimation of means functions mainly within the institutional environment while legitimation of ends through technical and social environment also justifies NPOs' social appropriateness. Various types of legitimacy are conferred to NPOs at different development stages while both formal and informal norms guide NPOs' behavior in the two-dimensional governing kinetics. Through this case study, the author also demonstrates how a meso-level approach of organizational study, integrating Sociological Institutionalism and Organizational Social Capital Theory, possibly sheds lights on the different areas of Sociology, especially those of social movement, NPOs, and ageing society.

MOTA, Kleiton Nazareno Santiago. Mutualismo Ferroviário: prover e proteger na Sociedade Beneficente do Pessoal da Estrada de Ferro de Baturité de 1891 aos anos 1930. 2009. 257f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará Pós-Graduação em Historia, Fortaleza (CE), 2009. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-12T12:26:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_knsmota.pdf: 7295286 bytes, checksum: 87d0a120b2e21d73d9fc1250b73517f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T13:01:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_knsmota.pdf: 7295286 bytes, checksum: 87d0a120b2e21d73d9fc1250b73517f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T13:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_knsmota.pdf: 7295286 bytes, checksum: 87d0a120b2e21d73d9fc1250b73517f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The objective of this research is to analyze the experience of the formation, restructuration and development of the Baturite’s Railroad Charity Society, pointing the action of railroad workers in the mutual’s benefit composition offered. This experience show us that the Society was constituting itself as a way of betterment of life for the workmen, having the health, education and the access to loans and judiciary assistance as their point of support. The study chronological landmarks are delimited between the creation of Charity Society in 1891 and the 1930’s, when start to be felt the effects of the Eloy Chaves Law, promulgated in 1923, that created the Account of Retirements and Pensions, inaugurating the social security promoted by the State in Brazil. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a experiência de formação, reestruturação e desenvolvimento da Sociedade Beneficente do Pessoal da Estrada de Ferro de Baturité, dando destaque para a ação dos trabalhadores ferroviários na composição dos benefícios oferecidos pela mutual. Essa experiência revela que a Sociedade foi-se constituindo como um caminho de melhoria de vida para os trabalhadores, tendo a saúde, a instrução e o acesso a empréstimos e a assistência judiciária seus pontos de apoio. Os marcos cronológicos do estudo são balizados entre a criação da Sociedade Beneficente em 1891 e os anos 1930, quando começam a ser sentidos os efeitos da Lei Eloy Chaves, promulgada em 1923, que criou as Caixas de Aposentadorias e Pensões, inaugurando a previdência social promovida pelo Estado no Brasil.