By working as an intern with the Quotation Officer of Sabena Technics Nîmes facility,an aircraft maintenance company, this degree project highlights the different factors totake into account in a quotation of civil planes (B737/B767/A320/A330) by analysingwork packages from airline company, applying a process to estimate the importantdata as the man hours or tools, and using my technical knowledge to understandmaintenance tasks. Management knowledge for commercial sale reviews was usefulas well, this job is in the middle of the commercial team and and the technicalteam. Finally, a critical opinion of the process has been made in order to propose animprovement of the next quotations. / Genom att arbeta som praktikant hos offerterbetaren på Sabena Technics anläggningi Nîmes, ett underhållsföretag för flygplan, belyser detta examensarbete de olikafaktorersom ska beaktas i en underhållsoffert för civila flygplan (B737/B767/A320/A330).Detta gjordes genom att analysera arbetspaket från flygbolag, tillämpa en process föratt uppskatta viktiga uppgifter som arbetstimmar eller verktyg, och använda minatekniska kunskaper för att förstå underhållsuppgifter. Kunskaper om förvaltning avkommersiella försäljningsöversikter var också användbara, eftersom det här jobbetligger mitt emellan det kommersiella teamet och det tekniska teamet. Slutligen harjag gjort en kritisk bedömning av processen för att föreslå en förbättring av framtidaofferter.

Many mobile applications in wireless networks such as military battlefield, emergency response, and mobile commerce are based on the notion of secure group communications. Unlike traditional security protocols which concern security properties only, in this dissertation research we design and analyze a class of QoS-aware protocols for secure group communications in wireless networks with the goal to satisfy not only security requirements in terms of secrecy, confidentiality, authentication, availability and data integrity, but also performance requirements in terms of latency, network traffic, response time, scalability and reconfigurability. We consider two elements in the dissertation research: design and analysis. The dissertation research has three major contributions. First, we develop three "threshold-based" periodic batch rekeying protocols to reduce the network communication cost caused by rekeying operations to deal with outsider attacks. Instead of individual rekeying, i.e., performing a rekeying operation right after each group membership change event, these protocols perform batch rekeying periodically. We demonstrate that an optimal rekey interval exists that would satisfy an imposed security requirement while minimizing the network communication cost. Second, we propose and analyze QoS-aware intrusion detection protocols for secure group communications in mobile ad hoc networks to deal with insider attacks. We consider a class of intrusion detection protocols including host-based and voting-based protocols for detecting and evicting compromised nodes and examine their effect on the mean time to security failure metric versus the response time metric. Our analysis reveals that there exists an optimal intrusion detection interval under which the system lifetime metric can be best traded off for the response time performance metric, or vice versa. Furthermore, the intrusion detection interval can be dynamically adjusted based on the attacker behaviors to maximize the system lifetime while satisfying a system-imposed response time or network traffic requirement. Third, we propose and analyze a scalable and efficient region-based group key management protocol for managing mobile groups in mobile ad hoc networks. We take a region-based approach by which group members are broken into region-based subgroups, and leaders in subgroups securely communicate with each other to agree on a group key in response to membership change and member mobility events. We identify the optimal regional area size that minimizes the network communication cost while satisfying the application security requirements, allowing mobile groups to react to network partition/merge events for dynamic reconfigurability and survivability. We further investigate the effect of integrating QoS-aware intrusion detection with region-based group key management and identify combined optimal settings in terms of the optimal regional size and the optimal intrusion detection interval under which the security and performance properties of the system can be best optimized. We evaluate the merits of our proposed QoS-aware security protocols for mobile group communications through model-based mathematical analyses with extensive simulation validation. We perform thorough comparative analyses against baseline secure group communication protocols which do not consider security versus performance tradeoffs, including those based on individual rekeying, no intrusion detection, and/or no-region designs. The results obtained show that our proposed QoS-aware security protocols outperform these baseline algorithms. â / Ph. D.

Digital learning tools, including digital learning tools for piano, are not new; however, they are still often limited by their inability to provide personalized feedback, detailed performance metrics from real piano play, and effective means for teachers to monitor multiple students simultaneously. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a platform that uses MIDI technology to provide detailed feedback and performance analysis derived from actual piano play to make piano learning more tangible. Additionally, a student-teacher interface was designed that facilitates interaction between both parties and allows teachers to monitor the progress of multiple students through various performance metrics. The results demonstrate that the platform gave accurate feedback based on assessment from teacher, by providing both students and teachers with deeper insights into performance on note accuracy, tempo and dynamics, enabling more efficient and targeted teaching strategies, and high student engagement. / Digitala inlärningsverktyg, inklusive digitala inlärningsverktyg för piano, är inte nya, men de har fortfarande begränsningar som ofta beror på att de inte kan ge personlig feedback, detaljerade prestationsmått från verkligt pianospel och effektiva sätt för lärare att övervaka flera elever samtidigt. För att övervinna dessa utmaningar introducerar denna studie en plattform som använder MIDI-teknik för att ge detaljerad feedback och prestationsanalys som härrör från verkligt pianospel för att göra pianoinlärning mer påtaglig. Dessutom utformades ett elev-lärargränssnitt som underlättar interaktion mellan båda parter och gör det möjligt för lärare att övervaka flera elevers framsteg genom olika prestationsmått. Resultaten visar att plattformen gav korrekt återkoppling baserat på lärarens bedömning, genom att ge både elever och lärare djupare insikter i prestationen, vilket möjliggör effektivare undervisningsstrategier och ökat elevengagemang.

Performance analysis concerns supporting coaches’ decision-making and dismantling the influencing factors of success in sports by measuring performance parameters during training and competition. Modern technology in this field has dramatically increased the volume of data, and there is no systematic approach to presenting athletic performance data to provide fast, efficient, and intelligible feedback. Thus, this thesis tried to answer the questions of what the best visualization techniques to illustrate performance data are and how a mobile application can best be designed to transfer performance information most effectively and intelligibly. To answer these questions, first, a systematic literature review was performed to form a framework of best practices for performance data visualization, and second, a mobile application was developed to collect and visualize athletic data in swimming to serve as a case study and validation of the framework. The latter included an evaluation phase, testing the user experience of 8 participants with the ”User Experience Questionnaire” (UEQ). The framework included asummary of the best practices on data visualization techniques and a section about color coding. Applying this framework, the application visualized the raw force data and average force in a line chart, and further performance parameters, such as strokes per minute, time per stroke, and temporal phase distribution, were displayed unencoded on top of the screen. The UEQ results revealed that Perspicuity (P) and Stimulation (S) are most important to users and received good to excellent scores (P: 1.781 ± 0.31, S: 1.938 ± 0.46) for the present application. These results the author conclude that the application validated the framework of best practices in the literature to aid the effective and comprehensible transfer of valuable information. Developers for performance analysis applications can utilize the framework and follow the design process in this thesis to create beneficial feedback systems. However, further topics like user interface design, development frameworks, and data processing must be considered / Prestationsanalys handlar om att stödja tränares beslutsfattande och ta bort de faktorer sompåverkar framgång inom idrott genom att mäta prestationsparametrar under träning och tävling.Modern teknik inom detta område har dramatiskt ökat mängden data, och det finns ingensystematisk metod för att presentera data om idrottsprestationer för att ge snabb, effektiv ochbegriplig återkoppling. Den här avhandlingen försökte därför besvara frågorna om vilka debästa visualiseringsteknikerna för att illustrera prestationsdata är och hur en mobilapplikationbäst kan utformas för att överföra prestationsinformation på ett effektivt och begripligt sätt.För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes först en systematisk litteraturgenomgång för attskapa ett ramverk av bästa praxis för visualisering av prestationsdata, och därefter utveckladesen mobilapplikation för att samla in och visualisera idrottsdata i simning för att fungerasom en fallstudie och validering av ramverket. I den senare ingick en utvärderingsfasdär 8 deltagares användarupplevelse testades med ”User Experience Questionnaire” (UEQ).Ramverket innehöll en sammanfattning av bästa praxis för datavisualiseringstekniker ochett avsnitt om färgkodning. Genom att tillämpa detta ramverk visualiserade applikationenråkraftsdata och genomsnittlig kraft i ett linjediagram, och ytterligare prestandaparametrar,såsom slag per minut, tid per slag och temporal fasfördelning, visades okodade överst påskärmen. UEQ-resultaten visade att Perspicuity (P) och Stimulation (S) är viktigast föranvändarna och fick bra till utmärkta poäng (P: 1,781 ± 0,31, S: 1,938 ± 0,46) för denaktuella applikationen. Dessa resultaten gör att författaren kan dra slutsatsen att applikationenvaliderade ramverket för bästa praxis för att underlätta en effektiv och begriplig överföring avvärdefull information. Utvecklare av applikationer för prestandaanalys kan använda ramverketoch följa designprocessen i denna avhandling för att skapa fördelaktiga återkopplingssystem.Ytterligare ämnen som design av användargränssnitt, utvecklingsramverk och databehandlingmåste dock beaktas.

Dans le contexte de l'estimation paramétrique, les performances d'un estimateur peuvent être caractérisées, entre autre, par son erreur quadratique moyenne (EQM) et sa résolution limite. La première quantifie la précision des valeurs estimées et la seconde définit la capacité de l'estimateur à séparer plusieurs paramètres. Cette thèse s'intéresse d'abord à la prédiction de l'EQM "optimale" à l'aide des bornes inférieures pour des problèmes d'estimation simultanée de paramètres aléatoires et non-aléatoires (estimation hybride), puis à l'extension des bornes de Cramér-Rao pour des modèles d'observation moins standards. Enfin, la caractérisation des estimateurs en termes de résolution limite est également étudiée. Ce manuscrit est donc divisé en trois parties :Premièrement, nous complétons les résultats de littérature sur les bornes hybrides en utilisant deux bornes bayésiennes : la borne de Weiss-Weinstein et une forme particulière de la famille de bornes de Ziv-Zakaï. Nous montrons que ces bornes "étendues" sont plus précises pour la prédiction de l'EQM optimale par rapport à celles existantes dans la littérature.Deuxièmement, nous proposons des bornes de type Cramér-Rao pour des contextes d'estimation moins usuels, c'est-à-dire : (i) Lorsque les paramètres non-aléatoires sont soumis à des contraintes d'égalité linéaires ou non-linéaires (estimation sous contraintes). (ii) Pour des problèmes de filtrage à temps discret où l'évolution des états (paramètres) est régit par une chaîne de Markov. (iii) Lorsque la loi des observations est différente de la distribution réelle des données.Enfin, nous étudions la résolution et la précision des estimateurs en proposant un critère basé directement sur la distribution des estimées. Cette approche est une extension des travaux de Oh et Kashyap et de Clark pour des problèmes d'estimation de paramètres multidimensionnels. / In the parametric estimation context, estimators performances can be characterized, inter alia, by the mean square error and the resolution limit. The first quantities the accuracy of estimated values and the second defines the ability of the estimator to allow a correct resolvability. This thesis deals first with the prediction the "optimal" MSE by using lower bounds in the hybrid estimation context (i.e. when the parameter vector contains both random and non-random parameters), second with the extension of Cramér-Rao bounds for non-standard estimation problems and finally to the characterization of estimators resolution. This manuscript is then divided into three parts :First, we fill some lacks of hybrid lower bound on the MSE by using two existing Bayesian lower bounds: the Weiss-Weinstein bound and a particular form of Ziv-Zakai family lower bounds. We show that these extended lower bounds are tighter than the existing hybrid lower bounds in order to predict the optimal MSE.Second, we extend Cramer-Rao lower bounds for uncommon estimation contexts. Precisely: (i) Where the non-random parameters are subject to equality constraints (linear or nonlinear). (ii) For discrete-time filtering problems when the evolution of states are defined by a Markov chain. (iii) When the observation model differs to the real data distribution.Finally, we study the resolution of the estimators when their probability distributions are known. This approach is an extension of the work of Oh and Kashyap and the work of Clark to multi-dimensional parameters estimation problems.

The diploma thesis deals with the teaching of the first reading focused on the Genetic method. It is divided into theoretical and research part. The theoretical part contains an overview of currently used methods of teaching reading. The Genetic method is described from the historical and present point of view. Also included are an overview of available textbooks for teaching this method. Also it deals with the basic features of reading performance, with the reading level of pupils through diagnostic examinations and with working with lagging readers. The research part deals with the analysis of reading level of pupils of the 1st - 3rd year of the Genetic method. The analysis was performed using diagnostic examinations, which were recorded and subsequently analyzed on the basis of basic reading characters. The research is focused primarily on mistakes against the qualities of reading, which are detailed and compared.

Les futurs systèmes de communication mobile sont caractérisés par un déploiement de plus en plus dense de différents types de points d'accès sans fil. Afin d’atténuer les interférences dans ces systèmes, les techniques aux entrées multiples-sorties multiples (MIMO) ainsi que la coopération entre les émetteurs et/ou les récepteurs sont nécessaires. Les systèmes de communication mobile en deviennent plus complexes, ce qui impose une évolution des outils mathématiques permettant leur analyse. Ceux-ci doivent être capables de prendre en compte les caractéristiques les plus importantes du système, telles que l'affaiblissement de propagation, les interférences et l'information imparfaite d'état du canal. Le but de cette thèse est de développer de tels outils basés sur la théorie des grandes matrices aléatoires et de démontrer leur utilité à l'aide de plusieurs applications pratiques, telles que l'analyse des performances des systèmes « network MIMO » et des systèmes MIMO à grande échelle, la conception de détecteurs de faible complexité à expansion polynomiale, l'étude des techniques de précodage unitaire aléatoire, ainsi que l'analyse de canaux à relais multiples et de canaux à double diffusion. En résumé, les méthodes développées dans ce travail fournissent des approximations déterministes de la performance du système qui deviennent exactes en régime asymptotique avec un nombre illimité d'émetteurs et de récepteurs. Cette approche conduit souvent à des approximations de la performance du système étonnamment simples et précises et permet de tirer d’importantes conclusions sur les paramètres les plus pertinents. / Advanced mobile communication systems are characterized by a dense deployment of different types of wireless access points. Since these systems are primarily limited by interference, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques as well as coordinated transmission and detection schemes are necessary to mitigate this limitation. Thus, mobile communication systems become more complex which requires that also the mathematical tools for their theoretical analysis must evolve. These must be able to take the most important system characteristics into account, such as fading, path loss, and interference. The aim of this thesis is to develop such tools based on large random matrix theory and to demonstrate their usefulness with the help of several practical applications, such as the performance analysis of network MIMO and large-scale MIMO systems, the design of low-complexity polynomial expansion detectors, and the study of random beamforming techniques as well as multi-hop relay and double-scattering channels. The methods developed in this work provide deterministic approximations of the system performance which become arbitrarily tight in the large system regime with an unlimited number of transmitting and receiving devices. This leads in many cases to simple and close approximations of the finite-size system performance and allows one to draw relevant conclusions about the most significant parameters. One can think of these methods as a way to provide a deterministic abstraction of the physical layer which substantially reduces the system complexity. Due to this complexity reduction, it is possible to carry out a system optimization which would be otherwise intractable.

Ce manuscrit est dédié à l’analyse de performances en traitement d’antenne pour l’estimation des paramètres d’intérêt à l’aide d’un réseau de capteurs. Il est divisé en deux parties :– Tout d’abord, nous présentons l’étude de certaines bornes inférieures de l’erreur quadratique moyenne liées à la localisation de sources dans le contexte champ proche. Nous utilisons la borne de Cramér-Rao pour l’étude de la zone asymptotique (notamment en terme de rapport signal à bruit avec un nombre fini d’observations). Puis, nous étudions d’autres bornes inférieures de l’erreur quadratique moyenne qui permettent de prévoir le phénomène de décrochement de l’erreur quadratique moyenne des estimateurs (on cite, par exemple, la borne de McAulay-Seidman, la borne de Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins et la borne de Fourier Cramér-Rao).– Deuxièmement, nous nous concentrons sur le concept du seuil statistique de résolution limite, c’est-à-dire, la distance minimale entre deux signaux noyés dans un bruit additif qui permet une ”correcte” estimation des paramètres. Nous présentons quelques applications bien connues en traitement d’antenne avant d’étendre les concepts existants au cas de signaux multidimensionnels. Par la suite, nous étudions la validité de notre extension en utilisant un test d’hypothèses binaire. Enfin, nous appliquons notre extension à certains modèles d’observation multidimensionnels / This manuscript concerns the performance analysis in array signal processing. It can bedivided into two parts :- First, we present the study of some lower bounds on the mean square error related to the source localization in the near eld context. Using the Cramér-Rao bound, we investigate the mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimator w.r.t. the direction of arrivals in the so-called asymptotic area (i.e., for a high signal to noise ratio with a nite number of observations.) Then, using other bounds than the Cramér-Rao bound, we predict the threshold phenomena.- Secondly, we focus on the concept of the statistical resolution limit (i.e., the minimum distance between two closely spaced signals embedded in an additive noise that allows a correct resolvability/parameter estimation.) We de ne and derive the statistical resolution limit using the Cramér-Rao bound and the hypothesis test approaches for the mono-dimensional case. Then, we extend this concept to the multidimensional case. Finally, a generalized likelihood ratio test based framework for the multidimensional statistical resolution limit is given to assess the validity of the proposed extension.

The work in this thesis is concerned with two complementary aspects of wireless networks research; performance analysis and resource optimization. The first part of the thesis focusses on the performance analysis of IEEE 802.11(e) wireless local area networks. We study the distributed coordination function (DCF) and the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) MAC of the IEEE 802.11(e) standard. We consider n IEEE 802.11(e) DCF (EDCA) nodes operating as a single cell; by single cell, we mean that every packet transmission can be heard by every other node. Packet loss is attributed only to simultaneous transmissions by the nodes (i.e., collisions). Using the well known decoupling approximation [19], we characterize the collision behaviour and the throughput performance of the WLAN with a set of fixed point equations involving the backoff parameters of the nodes. We observe that the fixed point equations can have multiple solutions, and in such cases, the system exhibits multistability and short-term unfairness of throughput. Also, the fixed point analysis fails to characterize the average system behaviour when the system has multiple solutions. We then obtain sufficient conditions (in terms of the backoff parameters of the nodes) under which the fixed point equations have a unique solution. For such cases, using simulations, we observe that the fixed point analysis predicts the long term time average throughput behaviour accurately. Then, using the fixed point analysis, we study throughput differentiation provided by the different backoff parameters, including minimum contention window (CWmin), persistence factor and arbitration interframe space (AIFS) of the IEEE 802.11e standard. Finally, we extend the above results to the case where the receiver supports physical layer capture. In the second part of the thesis, we study resource allocation and optimization problems for a variety of wireless network scenarios. For a dense wireless network, deployed over a small area and with a network average power constraint, we show that single cell operation (the channel supports only one successful transmission at any time) is throughput efficient in the asymptotic regime (in which the network average power is made large). We show that, for a realistic path loss model and a physical interference model (SINR based), the maximum aggregate bit rate among arbitrary transmitter-receiver pairs scales only as Θ(log(¯P)), where¯P is the network average power. Spatial reuse is ineffective and direct transmission between source destination pairs is the throughput optimal strategy. Then, operating the network with only a single successful transmission permitted at a time, and with CSMA being used to select the successful transmitter-receiver pair, we consider the situation in which there is stationary spatiotemporal channel fading. We study the optimal hop length (routing strategy) and power control (for a fading channel) that maximizes the network aggregate throughput for a given network power constraint. For a fixed transmission time scheme, we study the throughput maximizing schedule under homogeneous traffic and MAC assumptions. We also characterize the optimal operating point (hop length and power control) in terms of the network power constraint and the channel fade distribution. It is now well understood that in a multihop network, performance can be enhanced if, instead of just forwarding packets, the network nodes create output packets by judiciously combining their input packets, a strategy that is called “network coding.” For a two link slotted wireless network employing a network coding strategy and with fading channels, we study the optimal power control and optimal exploitation of network coding opportunities that minimizes the average power required to support a given arrival rate. We also study the optimal power-delay tradeoff for the network. Finally, we study a vehicular network problem, where vehicles are used as relays to transfer data between a pair of stationary source and destination nodes. The source node has a file to transfer to the destination node and we are interested in the delay minimizing schedule for the vehicular network. We characterize the average queueing delay (at the source node) and the average transit delay of the packets (at the relay vehicles) in terms of the vehicular speeds and their interarrival times, and study the asymptotically optimal tradeoff achievable between them.

Η χρήση διαφορισμού σε συστήματα κινητών επικοινωνιών είναι μία ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενη τεχνική για την καταπολέμηση των διαλείψεων που παρατηρούνται στις ραδιοζεύξεις. Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζονται διάφοροι τρόποι και τεχνικές για την μελέτη της απόδοσης συστημάτων που κάνουν χρήση διαφορισμού στον δέκτη. Οι τεχνικές διαφορισμού που μελετώνται είναι ο διαφορισμός ίσου κέρδους (equal-gain combining) και ο διαφορισμός επιλογής (selection combining). Επιπλέον, στα πλαίσια της διατριβής αυτής, υποθέτουμε ότι ο δέκτης λειτουργεί σε κανάλια μη-επιλεκτικών συχνοτήτων με βραδείες διαλείψεις (flat and slow fading channels), ενώ το εκπεμπόμενο σήμα υφίσταται διαλείψεις κατά Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Rice ή Hoyt. Αποδεικνύεται ότι η απόδοση του συστήματος στο οποίο ο δέκτης κάνει χρήση διαφορισμού εξαρτάται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από: • τη συσχέτιση μεταξύ των καναλιών διαφορισμού και • τη διαφορά της ισχύος μεταξύ των καναλιών διαφορισμού. Για να μελετηθεί η απόδοση ενός ΔΕ που λειτουργεί σε συσχετισμένα Nakagami-m κανάλια παρουσιάζεται παρουσιάζονται για πρώτη φορά σε κλειστή μορφή η συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (ΣΠΠ) Nakagami-m μεταβλητών με εκθετική συσχέτιση, ενώ η αντίστοιχη συνάρτηση αθροιστικής κατανομής (ΣΑΚ) που προκύπτει έχει τη μορφή πολλαπλών άπειρων αθροισμάτων. / Diversity reception has been successfully used in wireless communications systems to mitigate the negative effect of channel fading. This thesis deals with the performance analysis of wireless systems employing receiver diversity. The diversity schemes studied are selection combining (SC) and equal-gain combining (EGC). We assume that the receiver operates in flat and slow fading channels and that the signal undergoes Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Rice or Hoyt fading. As it will be shown, the performance of the diversity system depends greatly on: • the correlation among the diversity branches, • the average power imbalance of the received signals In order to study the performance of a SC receiver operating in correlated Nakagami-m fading channels, we first present a statistical analysis of correlated Nakagami-m random variables (rvs). The probability density function (pdf) of exponentially correlated Nakagami-m rvs is presented in closed-form, while the corresponding cumulative distribution function (cdf) has the form of multiple converging infinite series. Furthermore, bounds for the truncation of the infinite series.