Cette présente thèse poursuit l’objectif central de mieux comprendre l’expérience vécue par des adolescents ayant reçu une transplantation rénale et celle des parents donneurs et non donneurs. Elle s’inspire d’une perspective développementale, où la construction identitaire des adolescents est évaluée qualitativement ainsi que l’expérience des parents, ceux-ci jouant un rôle important dans le développement de l’adolescent. Les adolescents vivant avec une maladie chronique rénale doivent relever les défis développementaux normaux ainsi que ceux associés à la maladie et aux traitements associés. Dans un contexte de transplantation d’organe, des défis additionnels, tels que le lien qui unit le receveur au donneur et les atteintes à l’image de soi rendent cette période charnière encore plus complexe. L’adolescence pose des défis importants pour la relation parent-enfant, tels que l’indépendance grandissante de l’adolescent, son désir d’autonomie, les changements au niveau de l’investissement et la nécessité du lien avec les figures d’attachement. Les jeunes greffés dénoncent leur impression d’être surprotégé et les parents de ces adolescents, eux aussi, se disent surprotecteurs. Pour certains parents, un deuxième rôle est incarné ; celui de donneur d’organe. Les influences que peut avoir le don sur le développement de l’adolescent sont toutefois inconnues. L’un des éléments centraux de cette thèse est également l’évaluation de la résolution du diagnostic pour les parents, ce processus ayant été défini comme un important précurseur de l’acceptation de la maladie à travers d’autres populations de parents d’enfants malades. Il est donc significatif de tenter de comprendre si ces parents sont arrivés à résoudre ou non le diagnostic de leur enfant et les pratiques parentales qui découlent du statut de résolution. Des parents étant encore habités par des questions et des émotions liées au moment du diagnostic sont susceptibles d’être envahis par celles-ci lorsque l’adolescent se montre peu adhérent ou par exemple, lorsqu’il s’engage dans des comportements à risque pour la survie du rein. Un devis qualitatif a été choisi, utilisant une entrevue semi-structurée réalisée auprès de chaque membre de la dyade. L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 10 adolescents et de 9 parents. Les analyses ont été guidées par la méthode de l’analyse phénoménologique interprétative (IPA). Au niveau de l’expérience parentale, les premières réactions au diagnostic indiquent la présence de trauma chez les parents au statut non résolu. Le statut de donneur aide la résolution des aspects négatifs de l’expérience, mais n’explique pas complètement le statut de résolution du diagnostic. Les préoccupations quant à l’adhérence sont centrales dans la relation que les parents ont avec leur adolescent. Les résultats appellent à un regard sur les besoins de soutien de ces parents et encore plus pour ceux dont la résolution est incomplète. Au niveau de l’évaluation du développement identitaire des adolescents, les résultats suggèrent que le développement est influencé par des préoccupations similaires chez les adolescents et ce peu importe le statut de donneur : l’image du corps, les relations sociales et l’anxiété par rapport au futur. Pour ceux ayant reçu d’un parent, des émotions uniques face au parent peuvent être un obstacle au développement d’une identité unique. L’évaluation des représentations d’attachement a permis de constater la prévalence élevée de types d’attachement insécurisant chez cet échantillon ainsi que la présence d’éléments traumatiques dans la relation d’attachement pour certains. / The central objective of this thesis is to better understand the experience of adolescents with a kidney transplant and the experience of their donor and non-donor parents. Inspired by a developmental perspective, and using a qualitative design, the thesis evaluates the identity development and the relationships between adolescents and their parents. It is in fact during adolescence that identity development becomes significant and youth living with a chronic kidney disease have to take up challenges related to their condition and its treatment as well as those of normal development. In context of a kidney transplant, additional challenges like the relationship to the donor and the impacts on body image makes the adolescence a more complex period. Adolescence brings significant challenges for the parent-child relationship, like growing needs of becoming more autonomous and independent and the investment and necessity of the proximity with attachment figures. Adolescents with a kidney transplant express their impression of being overprotected from their parents, and parents also consider themselves overprotective. Unique to the field of organ transplants, parents can be the donor for their child, but it is unclear whether this ability to give life for a second time has an impact the adolescent’s development and the experience of parents. One of the central elements of this thesis is the evaluation of diagnosis resolution for parents of adolescents with a kidney transplant, a process that has been recognized as a precursor of accepting the disease and is associated with proactive parental attitudes in other populations of parents with sick children. It is necessary to understand how parents of adolescent kidney recipients resolved the diagnosis and their parental practices according to the type of resolution they portray. Parents who still deal with unresolved emotions may feel overwhelmed when their adolescent is not compliant with the medical regiment or when he engages in risky behaviours for the survival of the graft. A qualitative design was chosen, using semi-structured interviews with each member of the dyads. Participants were 10 adolescents and 9 parents. Analyses were conducted according to the interpretative phenomenological analysis method (IPA). For the article with parents, results show that early reactions to the diagnosis suggest parents experienced trauma. Donor status seems to help resolve the negative aspects of the experience but does not fully explain diagnostic resolution status. For all parents, concerns over adherence are central to their relationship with their youth. Results call for attention to the support needs of all parents and particularly those with an unresolved status. For the article on identity development, results suggest identity development is influenced by similar concerns for all adolescents whether they received from a donor parent or not: body image, social relationships and anxiety for the future. For those who received from a parent donor, feelings toward the parent can be a challenge when building a unique identity. The evaluation of attachment representations informed us on the high presence of insecure attachments types among this specific sample of adolescents and on the presence of traumatic symptoms in the attachment relationship for some.

This research aimed to qualititavely identify any new dimensions of job satsfaction , gender differences among black middle level managers as well as the impact of afrocentric values. Content and process theories provided the theoretical framework in the identification of determinants of job satsfaction. Semi-structured interviews were administered to eight employees in the educational and finacial sector. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that no 'new' dimensions of job satisfaction were identified in the selected sample. Behaviour, perceptions and actions, however, manifested against the background of the South African political and socio-economic history, as well as highlighting the process of acculturation. Findings referred to the importance of social needs against the background of ubuntu. The role of the supervisor and the necessity of open communication in the workplace were emphasised. Language issues were highlighted as significant in the perception of exclusion in the workplace. The need for recognition of qualifications and skills against the background of affirmitive action policies was clear. Participants suggested the significance of personal development as manifested in their need for self-actualisation and self-efficacy. Gender differences were prevalent in all determinants of job satisfaction bar recognition of qualifications in the work environment. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in English / Psychologists-in-training are often presented with textbook definitions and descriptions of individuals presenting with psychopathologies. A major challenge for such texts is to effectively convey the relational issues and interpersonal dynamics of the mental disorders. The current study explores the role of film in enhancing intern clinical psychologists’ understanding of borderline personality disorder by specifically utilising the films Sylvia and Black Butterflies. A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted with 15 clinical psychology interns at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. The collected data consisted of responses to open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and was analysed according to an interpretive phenomenological analysis. Although the analysis was conducted inductively, the researcher also made deductive inferences from the data based on contemplations about the link between archetypes and images and learning and archetypal experiences. The importance of and connection to 21st-century learning skills, the creative learning spiral and a pedagogy of play were also taken into consideration while analysing the data. The findings of the current study suggest the ability of the two films to draw one in and to cause one to emotionally connect with the characters. Furthermore, films form an opportunity for trainees to practice psychodynamic formulations and not only focus on biological reductionisms of the disorder. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Conflict is a predictable aspect of organizational life. Research indicates that workers spend the majority of their lifetime at work and that unresolved conflict is one of the largest reducible costs in organizations. However, the majority of employee conflicts are not accurately addressed by rights-and-power based conflict management systems. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study explored the experiences and perceptions of workers who had been involved in an unresolved or escalated workplace conflict that was of consequence in their lives. The study sought to learn how it impacted them and how they made sense of the conflict, their organizations, and their options. Nine workers from seven different industries were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Central to this study’s gestalt is the square peg in a round hole phenomenon that symbolizes what it means to live through a significant workplace conflict. The participants experienced emotional turmoil, a sense of powerlessness, and a perception that their interpersonal conflicts did not fit within their organizations’ conflict management systems. Participants’ stories are woven throughout the analysis and highlighted in six superordinate themes (1) Impact from Negative Work-Life Events, (2) Costly Reactions, (3) Covert Conflict, (4) Reducing Dissonance to Facilitate Resilience, (5) Detachment from the Organization, (6) Learning through Reflection. This study contributes to the field of conflict resolution with insights on workplace conflict costs including the pervasiveness of presenteeism, how a sense of powerlessness can lead to detachment from the organization, and how valuable dialogue can be in reframing workers’ experience.

This study explored and highlighted the experiences of trained Marriage and Family Therapists of Afro-Caribbean descent in working with persons who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender or Questioning (LGBTQ). The researcher utilized collected data to help to advance our understanding on the potential impact of the cultural experiences and how they may or may not contribute to institutionalized homophobia within the Caribbean, by Mental Health professionals, specifically Marriage and Family Therapists. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 3 practicing Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) with strong Caribbean upbringing, values, and influences. For the purpose of this study, strong has been defined as having being born and/or raised in the Caribbean. This qualitative study employed the use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to aid in making sense of the data that was collected. Data gathered from the interviews of three participants revealed two prominent superordinate themes: “Homophobia” and “Evolving Views” with emerging subthemes that explored culture, religion, “checking yourself at the door” and connecting with persons who identify as LGBTQ. The findings from the study helped to add to the limited research available on the lived experiences of Marriage and Family Therapists of Afro-Caribbean descent and their work with persons who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender or Questioning (LGBTQ).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis that explored the meanings homeowners associated with their lived experience of foreclosure. In the wake of the 2006 housing crash and 2008 Great Recession, questions have been posed about the continued efficacy of homeownership as an asset-based strategy. In addition, the conversation has been dominated by traditional economic and business interests. Discussions about housing policy and foreclosure response have marginalized the voice of vulnerable populations. The literature on housing policy reflects a positivist perspective that privileges analysis of unit production, economic costs and benefits. Secondary attention is given to exploring housing and foreclosure from a critical and constructivist standpoint. Consequently, this study intentionally engaged people who have experienced foreclosure. Depth and meaning were uncovered through interpretative phenomenological analysis. A purposive sample of five homeowners who experienced foreclosure was identified. The five homeowners participated in semi-structured interview. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using the six-step process articulated for interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). IPA combines three philosophical foundations—phenomenology, hermeneutics, and idiography—to approach qualitative and experiential research. The findings of this study discovered that foreclosure represents disconnection for the participants. Specifically, due to experiencing foreclosure, participants felt separated from their self-identity, from housing finance literacy, from their relationship with their mortgage lender and servicers, from the benefits of homeownership and from self-sufficiency due to their social service-based, helping-based, and/or low-wage employment. Study findings both affirm and challenge relevant theoretical frameworks. In addition, this research underscores the need for social work education to address financial literacy. Further, social work practitioners should be prepared to either provide or refer consumers to home-buyer education and training. Social workers should also challenge exploitative consumer practices and offer empowering alternatives in their place. Lastly, this research offers strategies and practices to strengthen housing policy and foreclosure response for the benefit of consumers.

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