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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

The phonology and phonetics of English intonation

Pierrehumbert, Janet Breckenridge January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 246-253. / by Janet Breckenridge Pierrehumbert. / Ph.D.
522

Fonologia da língua Terena

Martins, Cosme Romero 13 July 2009 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise uma descrição preliminar do sistema fonológico da língua Terena, língua indígena falada na aldeia de Cachoeirinha na região do Mato Grosso do Sul, pertencente à família Aruák. Nosso objetivo foi o de analisar e descrever as unidades distintivas, a estrutura silábica e o padrão acentual que ocorrem nesta língua. No nível segmental foi estabelecido um quadro fonético-articulatório do qual se pôde determinar as unidades distintivas da língua. No nível silábico foram identificados os padrões silábicos (C) V (V). Em relação ao nível acentual, a língua apresenta um sistema de pés binários com cabeça à esquerda e insensível ao peso silábico (troqueu silábico). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o modelo fonêmico estruturalista proposto por Pike (1947) bem como dos modelos fonológicos não-lineares autossegmental, prosódico e métrico. O trabalho é composto de quatro partes. No capítulo 1 é apresentada uma classificação das línguas da família Aruák no Brasil. No capítulo 2 a parte segmental (unidades distintivas e alofones). No capítulo 3 a estrutura silábica e no capítulo 4 o padrão acentual. Por fim, apresentamos um estudo (Anexo I) sobre palavras de empréstimo do português em Terena. / The objective of this study is to present a preliminary analysis of Terenas phonological system. An indigenous language spoken in Brazil at the village of Cachoeirinha in the southwestern of Mato Grosso do Sul and classified as belonging to the Arawakan linguistic stock. Our goal is to analyse and describe the phonemic inventory, the syllabic structure and the stress pattern of this language. Linguistic phonological models such as the structuralist phonemic model proposed by Pike (1947) as well as non-linear phonological ones (autossegmental, prosodic and metrical) will be used to analyse the data. This study is composed of four parts. Chapter one presents a classification of Arawakan languages in Brazil. Chapter two describes its segmental level (distinctive features and allophones). Chapter three the syllabic structure and chapter four its stress pattern. Finally, we present a study about words borrowed from Portuguese in Terena (Appendix I).
523

As vogais médias pretônicas dos verbos na fala culta do interior paulista

Carmo, Márcia Cristina do [UNESP] 27 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carmo_mc_me_sjrp.pdf: 502429 bytes, checksum: c68a94dd50864db21d7a7619eca3b43d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho descreve as vogais médias pretônicas dos verbos na região do município de São José do Rio Preto, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Algumas dessas vogais sofrem o processo fonológico de alçamento, por meio do qual as vogais médias /e/e/o/ são realizadas, respectivamente, como /i/e /u/, como em d[i]s[i]nvolvendo e c[u]nheço. Como corpus de pesquisa, são utilizadas dezesseis entrevistas do Banco de Dados IBORUNA, resultado do Projeto ALIP – Amostra Lingüística do Interior Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP – FAPESP 03/08058-6). São analisadas amostras de fala espontânea de informantes do sexo feminino que apresentam: (i) Ensino Superior completo ou em andamento; e (ii) uma das seguintes faixas etárias: de 16 a 25; de 26 a 35; de 36 a 55; e acima de 56 anos. A análise é realizada segundo os princípios da Teoria da Variação e da Mudança Lingüística, com a utilização do pacote estatístico VARBRUL, bem como da Fonologia Autossegmental, representada pelo modelo da Geometria de Traços. Como resultado geral, tem-se que alçam 16% das 2455 ocorrências de vogal pretônica /e/ e 10% das 2147 ocorrências de vogal pretônica /o/. Todas as ocorrências são analisadas em relação a uma variável social e a dez variáveis lingüísticas, utilizando-se o VARBRUL. Dos resultados estatísticos, obteve-se que a variável lingüística altura da vogal da sílaba subseqüente à sílaba da pretônica-alvo é a mais relevante à aplicação do alçamento, tanto para /e/, quanto para /o/. Observa-se que, no corpus desta pesquisa, todas as ocorrências de pretônicas alçadas podem ser explicadas: (i) pela harmonização vocálica, em que a vogal sofre o alçamento pela influência de uma vogal alta presente na sílaba seguinte à da pretônica-alvo, como em acr[i]ditar; e/ou (ii) pela redução vocálica, em que a vogal alça pela influência da(s)... / This work describes the pretonic medial vowels of the verbs in the region of the city of São José do Rio Preto, northwest of São Paulo State. In these vowels, the phonological process of vowel raising can be found. Through this process, the medial vowels /e/ and /o/ are pronounced, respectively, as /i/ and /u/, in words like d[i]s[i]nvolvendo and c[u]nheço. The corpus of this research is formed of sixteen interviews of the Banco de Dados IBORUNA, a result of the ALIP Project – Amostra Lingüística do Interior Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP – FAPESP 03/08058-6). Spontaneous speech samples – of female informants that: (i) had been attending University or that had already finished it; and (ii) belonged to one of the following age-bands: 16 to 25; 26 to 35; 36 to 55; and over 56 years – are analyzed. The analysis is made under the perspective of: (i) the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change, by using the statistical package VARBRUL; and (ii) the Autosegmental Phonology, represented by the Feature Geometry model. The general result is that 16% of the 2455 occurrences of pretonic vowel /e/ and 10% of the 2147 occurrences of pretonic vowel /o/ are raised. All the occurrences are analyzed in relation to one social variable and to ten linguistic variables, using VARBRUL package. The statistical results evinced that the height of the vowel of the syllable which is contiguous to the syllable of the pretonic vowel is the most relevant variable concerning the application of the vowel raising process, both to /e/ and to /o/. It is observed that, in the corpus of this research, all the occurrences in which the pretonic vowels are raised can be explained by: (i) a process of vowel harmonization, through which the vowel is raised by the influence of a high vowel in the syllable which is adjacent to the syllable of the pretonic vowel, as acr[i]ditar; and/or (ii) vowel reduction, through which... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
524

A haplologia na variedade paulista

Pavezi, Vanessa Cristina [UNESP] 12 May 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pavezi_vc_me_sjrp.pdf: 2419223 bytes, checksum: 632128119946641419681f60aad12be9 (MD5) / Nesta dissertação, descrevemos a haplologia na variedade paulista do Português Brasileiro (PB). Inicialmente, caracterizamos a haplologia como um processo fonológico no qual é possível perceber a queda total de uma sílaba no encontro de duas sílabas semelhantes átonas em fronteiras de palavras. Caracterizamos, também, o corpus utilizado: inquéritos do NURC-SP e inquéritos do IBORUNA-SJRP. Esses inquéritos possuem em comum a sua natureza constitutiva: ambos são dados de fala espontânea. Questionamos, ao longo desta dissertação: (i) que contexto segmental favorece a aplicação da haplologia? (ii) se existe um contexto segmental que bloqueia a haplologia? (iii) em que contexto segmental é mais freqüente a aplicação da haplologia? (iv) em que medida a aplicação da haplologia contribui para a organização rítmica do Português Brasileiro? (v) qual o domínio prosódico da haplologia? e (vi) se existe um contexto morfológico que bloqueia a haplologia? Após a análise dos dados, constatamos que o contexto segmental que favorece a aplicação da haplologia é o formado por consoantes obstruintes não-continuas /t/ e /d/ e que esse contexto é o mais freqüente em dados de fala espontânea. Verificamos também que o contexto de haplologia é mais freqüente no domínio prosódico de frase fonológica e que há variação da queda de uma sílaba nesse domínio. Observamos, ainda, que a haplologia favorece o ritmo trocaico do PB. Após a análise de um conjunto de dados em que há bloqueio da haplologia, os quais são constituídos por monomorfema de + item lexical, verificamos que a informação morfossintática do item gramatical agiu no bloqueio da haplologia da mesma forma que age no bloqueio da elisão. Com base nesse resultado, fazemos uma breve discussão de como um fator morfossintático atua sobre a fonologia de modo a bloquear categoricamente o apagamento de segmentos... / In this dissertation, we describe the haplology in São Paulo variety of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Beginning; we characterize the haplology as a phonological process in which it is possible to perceive the total loss of a syllable in the encounter of two weak similar syllables in borders of words. We characterize, too, the used corpus: inquiries of NURC-SP and inquiries of IBORUNA-SJRP. What these inquiries have in common is their constituent nature: both are samples of spontaneous speech. We question, along this dissertation: (i) that the segmental context which favors the application of haplology? (ii) if exist a segmental context which blocked the haplology? (iii) that segmental context of haplology is more frequent? (iv) how haplology application contribute of rhythmic organization of Brazilian Portuguese? (v) that prosodic domain of haplology? and (vi) if exist a morphosyntatic context which blocked the haplology? After analyze of dates, we testify that segmental context which favors the applications of haplology is the one formed by non-continuous obstruent consonants /t/ and /d/ and that this context is most frequent in samples of spontaneous speech. We verify, too, that the segmental context of haplology is more frequent in the prosodic domain of phonological phrases and that there is a variation of the loss of a syllable in that domain. We have also observed that the haplology favors the trochaic rhythm of BP. After analyze a set of data in which haplology blockage may be found. These data are constituted by monomorpheme de + lexical item. We verify that the morphosyntatic information of the grammatical item acted in the blockage of the haplology in the same way it acts in the blockage of the elision. Based on this result, we briefly discuss about as a morphosyntatic factor acts on phonology in order to block categorically the deletion of segments. At last, we conclude our reflection by bringing back the main obtained results as well.
525

Modeling speech production: implications from a Chinese study.

January 2001 (has links)
Wu Siu-yu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-66). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.
526

efficient decoding method for continuous speech recognition based on a tree-structured lexicon =: 基於樹狀詞彙表示方法的有效率連續語音識別系統. / 基於樹狀詞彙表示方法的有效率連續語音識別系統 / An efficient decoding method for continuous speech recognition based on a tree-structured lexicon =: Ji yu shu zhuang ci hui biao shi fang fa de you xiao lü lian xu yu yin shi bie xi tong. / Ji yu shu zhuang ci hui biao shi fang fa de you xiao lü lian xu yu yin shi bie xi tong

January 2001 (has links)
Choi Wing Nin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Choi Wing Nin. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Development of search algorithms for Chinese LVCSR --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives of the thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis outline --- p.5 / Reference --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Fundamentals of Continuous Speech Recognition --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Bayesian decision rule --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Acoustic front-end processor --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Phonological constraint --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Characteristics of Cantonese --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Homophones and homographs --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Acoustic modeling --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Statistical language model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Word-based language model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Class-based language model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.6 --- Search algorithms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Time-synchronous Viterbi search --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Time-asynchronous stack decoding --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- One-pass versus multi-pass search strategies --- p.19 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.20 / Reference --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- Search Space Organization --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Lexicon representation --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Linear lexicon --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Tree lexicon --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Factorization of language model --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Lexical tree incorporated with context-dependent acoustic models --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.39 / Reference --- p.40 / Chapter 4 --- One-Pass Dynamic Programming Based Search Algorithm --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Token Passing Algorithm --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Techniques for speeding up the search --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Different layers of beam in the search hierarchy --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Efficient recombination of tokens --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Fast likelihood computation methods for continuous mixture densities --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Lexical tree with class-based language model --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental results and discussions --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The Hong Kong stock inquiry task --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- General domain continuous speech recognition --- p.59 / Reference --- p.62 / Chapter 5 --- Extension of the One-Pass Search --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview of the extended framework --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2 --- Word lattice construction by modified word-conditioned search --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Exact N-best algorithm --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Word-pair approximation --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Word lattice algorithm --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Computation of heuristic score --- p.70 / Chapter 5.4 --- Backward A* heuristic search --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Recovering the missing piece --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Generation of N-best list --- p.74 / Chapter 5.5 --- Experimental results --- p.75 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Simple back-tracking vs A* heuristic search --- p.75 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- N-best list evaluation using class bigram re-scoring --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- N-best list evaluation using class trigram re-scoring --- p.77 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.78 / Reference --- p.79 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Development --- p.80 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2 --- Suggestions for future development --- p.82 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Incorporation of tone information --- p.82 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Fast match strategy for acoustic models --- p.82 / Reference --- p.84 / Appendix Cantonese Initials and Finals --- p.85
527

Consciência fonológica e sua relação com a escrita: pistas de consciência fonológica da rima silábica na escrita de crianças estudantes de terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental

Duarte, Zulmira Alessandra Barckfeld 22 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-10-05T13:05:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Consciência_fonológica_e_sua_relação_com_a_escrita.pdf: 1998040 bytes, checksum: c9f2aa3d3d49f57bc1c22b9fac930aaa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-10-05T13:16:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Consciência_fonológica_e_sua_relação_com_a_escrita.pdf: 1998040 bytes, checksum: c9f2aa3d3d49f57bc1c22b9fac930aaa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T13:17:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Consciência_fonológica_e_sua_relação_com_a_escrita.pdf: 1998040 bytes, checksum: c9f2aa3d3d49f57bc1c22b9fac930aaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Sem bolsa / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a consciência fonológica da rima silábica e sua relação com a escrita, a partir das pistas dessa consciência em dois grupos de crianças, repetentes e não repetentes, estudantes do 3º ano de uma escola pública da cidade de Pelotas/RS, estabelecendo, pois, um comparativo entre os níveis de CF de ambos os grupos. Para tanto, partiu-se da hipótese de que as crianças não repetentes tendem a apresentar melhor desempenho nas tarefas aplicadas. A metodologia foi composta por três etapas: (i) aplicação de teste de consciência fonológica, a partir do CONFIAS, Consciência Fonológica Instrumento de Avaliação Sequencial (MOOJEN et al., 2003); (ii) atividade de ligar os pares das figuras que rimam; (iii) atividade de escrita das palavras que rimam ao lado de seus respectivos pares. Após a coleta, os dados foram transcritos e analisados na ordem em que foram coletados: a) teste de CF, b) liga da relação de palavra e c) escrita de palavras. Os dados referentes às três modalidades de coleta foram analisados individualmente para posterior comparação, à luz das teorias da Sílaba (SELKIRK, 1982) e da Geometria de Traços (CLEMENTS e HUME, 1995). Quanto à aplicação do CONFIAS, os resultados revelaram que ambos os grupos investigados demonstraram índices de acertos semelhantes, visto que a diferença entre um grupo e outro é pouco significativa. Em relação às tarefas do instrumento, observou-se que os sujeitos manifestaram maior dificuldade nas tarefas relativas ao nível do fonema, indo ao encontro da literatura da área (GOMBERT, 1992; FREITAS, 2004; SILVA e CAPELLINI, 2009, dentre outros). Sendo assim, as tarefas relativas ao nível intrassilábico são consideradas complicadas para ambos os grupos. Considerando-se os dados gerais, nas atividades de ligar os pares de rimas silábicas com codas em /R/, /l/ e /s/, constatou-se que os alunos não repetentes apresentaram escores de acertos mais elevados, se comparados aos repetentes. A análise dos dados apontou, ainda, que existe uma relação entre a CF e a aquisição da escrita, já que os alunos não repetentes revelaram um melhor desempenho no teste de CF e um menor número de erros na escrita. Concluiu-se, portanto, que as crianças não repetentes apresentam desempenho em CF superior aos repetentes, bem como o fato de que a consciência fonológica desempenha papel fundamental na aprendizagem da escrita. / This research aims to investigate phonological awareness of syllabic rhyme and its relationship with writing, observing phonological awareness clues in writing of two groups of third year students (repeating and not repeating) of a public school in Pelotas city / RS, evaluating and comparing phonological awareness levels of these two groups. The methodology was composed of three steps: (i) application of phonological awareness test, from the CONFIAS, Phonological Consciousness Sequential Assessment Instrument (MOOJEN et al., 2003); (Ii) activity of binding the pairs of rhyming figures; (Iii) writing activity of words that rhyme alongside their respective peers. After data collection, description and analysis of the results were made in different samples. Description and analysis of the research are evaluated in the order that was made: phonological awareness test, word alloy and written word, and results of three data collection methods are analyzed individually for comparison. Description and analysis occur in light of Syllable Theory (SELKIRK, 1982) and Geometry Trace (CLEMENTS AND HUME, 1995). Regarding the application of CONFIAS, the results revealed that both groups investigated showed similar success indexes, since the difference between one group and another is not significant. Regarding the tasks of the instrument, it was observed that the subjects showed greater difficulty in the tasks related to the level of the phoneme (GOMBERT, 1992; FREITAS, 2004; SILVA and CAPELLINI, 2009, among others). Thus, tasks related to the intra-syllabic level are considered complicated for both groups. Considering the general data, in the activities of linking the pairs of syllabic rhymes with codas in /R/, /l/ and /s/, it was found that non-repeating students presented higher scores than the repeating ones. Data analysis also pointed out that there is a relationship between CF and writing acquisition, since non-repeating students showed a better performance in the CF test and a lower number of writing errors. It was concluded, therefore, that non-repeating children present higher CF performance than repeaters, as well as the fact that phonological awareness plays a fundamental role in writing learning.
528

Fonetik i engelskundervisningen / The Use of Phonetics in the Teaching of English

Eriksson, Sanna, Lundström, Isabella January 2018 (has links)
This is a qualitative study about the usage of phonetics in the classroom.  The study is based on interviews with two English teachers and two future English teachers. The study also researches a website where teaching material are shared by teachers.   Firstly, the study wants to know what researchers think about phonetics in language teaching as well as in language learning. Secondly, the study researches what teachers think about phonetics and their opinions regarding the use of it in the classroom as well as their knowledge about the subject. Thirdly, the study investigates what future teachers of English said regarding the use of phonetics and if they felt prepared to use it in the classroom.   The study shows that researchers think highly of the use of phonetics in language learning. However, it is not used by the interviewees when teaching language because they find it redundant. Furthermore, the future teachers in this study said that they felt unprepared to use phonetics in the classroom.
529

The deletion of final stops in coda clusters in Hong Kong English

Yang, Siu Kuen Lafina 01 January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
530

Realization of "th" in Hong Kong English

Lam, Wai Kin Stephen 01 January 2008 (has links)
No description available.

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