Componentes de buraco de nêutrons nos isótopos ANTPOT 99, 101, 103 Ru foram investigadas atrav6s de reações (d,t), induzidas por dêuterons de 15,5 MeV em ANTPOT 100Ru e 16 MeV em ANTPOT 102 Ru e ANTPOT 101 Ru. Os grupos de trítons emergentes, analisados em momento por um espectrógrafo magnético, foram detectados em placas de emulsão nuclear. Resolução em energia melhor que 8 keV permitiu a identificação de 14, 36 e 46 níveis, até as energias de excitação de 1,4; 2,1 e 2,5 MeV, respectivamente, nos ANTPOT 99, 101, 103 Ru. Os momentos angulares orbitais transferidos, l, e as intensidades espectroscópicas foram obtidos a partir da comparação entre distribuições angulares experimentais, medidas cm ângulos judiriosamente escolhidos entre 8º e 46º, e as previstas pela Aproximação de Born com Ondas Distorcidas. A análise das distribuições das intensidades espectroscópicas, associadas a cada l, nos três isótopos revela um padrão de semelhança, embora haja um deslocamento das maiores intensidades espectroscópicas para menores energias, quando se eleva o número de nêutrons, que indica, juntamente com um aumento da densidade de níveis, crescente deformação nuclear. Especial atenção é dirigida a transições para estados de baixa energia de excitação com l = 3 e l = 1, associadas a orbitais não pertencentes à camada de valência, cuja descrição é discutida em termos de um modelo quase-partícula-rotor prolato, não-rígido, com o tratamento completo da interação de Coriolis, e do Modelo de Bósons e Férmions Interatuantes. / Neutron-hole components in 99, 101, 103 Ru Isotopes were Investigated by (d,t) reactions at incident deuteron energies of 15.5 MeV and 16 MeV on, respectively, 100 Ru and 102,104 Ru. Outgoing triton groups were momentum analyzed by a magnetic spectrograph and dctectcd in nuclear emulsion plates with an energy resolution better than 8 keV. A total of 14, 36 and 46 leveis up to 1.4, 2.1 and 2.5 MeV excitation energy were identified, respectively, 99, 101, 103 Ru. The transferred orbital angular momenta, l, and the spectroscopic strengths were obtained by con1paring experimental angular distributions, measured at carefully chosen scattering angles between 8º and 46º, with Distorted Wave Born Approximation predictions. The analysis of the spectroscopic strength distributions corresponding to each l-value reveals a similar pattern among the three isotopes, although there is a shift of the highest strengths towards low energy, for increasing neutron number, indicating increasing deform at ion. Special attention is drawn to transitions to low-lying states with l=3 and l=1 character, associated with the next major shell, whose description is discussed in terms of a quasiparticle-prolate non-rigid rotor model with the Coriolis effect fully treated, and the Interacting Boson-Fermion Model.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Foulardierprozesses zur chemischen Nassausrüstung von Vliesstoffen bei Warengeschwindigkeiten bis zu 250 m/min. Hintergrund ist die abweisende Ausrüstung von Polypropylen-Spinnvliesstoffen für die Anwendung als Operationskittel. Wo bislang nach dem Stand der Technik eine Veredlung bei Lohnausrüstern bei geringen Warengeschwindigkeiten durchgeführt wurde, zeigt die Tendenz in der Vliesstoffindustrie in Richtung der eigenen Prozessbeherrschung. Eine grundlegende Voraussetzung, um den Foulardierprozess für diese Anwendung nutzbar zu machen, ist die Kenntnis über die Prozesseigenschaften bei den geforderten hohen Warengeschwindigkeiten. Für den abzudeckenden Versuchsraum mit sechs Einflussgrößen bei jeweils drei Faktorstufen wurde mittels der Methodik der statistischen Versuchsplanung ein D-optimaler Versuchsplan erstellt. Die Versuchsdurchführung erfolgte auf einem in eine Technikumsanlage eingebundenen Foulard mit horizontaler Walzenanordnung. Für jede der sieben Zielgrößen wurde auf Grundlage der erhaltenen Messwerte eine lineare Regressionsanalyse erstellt und ausgewertet. Eine detaillierte Analyse und Diskussion der Regressionsmodelle liefert Informationen zu Wirkungsrichtung und Intensität der einzelnen Einflussgrößen sowie zu Faktor-Faktor-Wechselwirkungen. / The subject of the work presented here is the study of the padding process for the chemical wet finishing of nonwovens at web speeds up to 250 m/min. Background to the topic is the repellent treatment of polypropylene spunbond nonwovens applied for surgical gowns. Finishing carried out at subcontractors corresponding to best practice technology up to now, the trend in the nonwovens industry is turning towards an in-house process mastery. Essential requirement to make the padding process technologically exploitable for this kind of application is the knowledge of the process characteristics at the high web speeds claimed. For the experimental scenario to be covered comprising six determining factors at three level steps each, a D-optimal trial plan was defined using the statistic method of the design of experiments (DOE). The realization of the trials carried out on a padder with horizontal roll arrangement installed in a pilot line. For each of the seven responses a linear regression analyses was compiled and evaluated. A detailed analysis and discussion of the regression models provides information on direction of influence as well as intensity of each of the determining factors and factor-factor-interactions.

Submitted by WALDEMAR PEREIRA MATHIAS NETO null (waldemarmathias@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T02:26:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATHIAS-NETO-TESE-2016.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Fundação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e alterações nos demais operadores foram realizadas para possibilitar soluções factíveis em sistemas com alto carregamento. O problema é formulado através de um modelo não linear inteiro misto e considera a minimização dos custo da interrupção não programada como objetivo do problema. Os limites operacionais da rede são avaliados durante o intervalo previsto para a rede permanecer no estado restaurativo. Estes limites caracterizam as restrições do problema. Ao modelo matemático foi incluído a geração distribuída e cargas remotamente controladas como ferramentas de apoio à restauração. Os geradores distribuídos são modelados através de curvas horárias de geração, em função de sua tecnologia, e as cargas são modeladas através de curvas que consideram o perfil de consumo. Adicionalmente, cargas controladas termostaticamente também foram incluídas ao modelo. Por fim, a técnica de solução proposta é avaliada através de um sistema teste baseado no sistema de distribuição IEEE de 37 barras em oito diferentes cenários. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade da metodologia para a solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribui- ção. / The modern overhead power distribution systems are designed to operate with high reliability indices. However, power outages may occur at any time and caused by several factors, such aswindstorms, trees or vehicle collision with the network. Therefore, to ensure minimal impact of these interruptions in network reliability indices, out-of-service areas, which are not affected by the permanent fault, should be re-energized as fast as possible. The process of system reenergizing is called restoration. The main purpose of restoration process is to restore the largest amount of load, as fast as possible, through a sequence of switching actions. The existence of several switchgears, strategically allocated in the network, allows the meshed distribution systems work with radial topologies. Therefore, performing a sequence of maneuvers, automatically or manually, may change the radial grid topology and restore the loads previously without a power supply. This work proposes a new methodology to solve the distribution system restoration problem based on the joint use of tabu search meta-heuristic, the node-depth encoding (NDE) and its operators (PAO and CAO). The NDE operators are used to buid the neighborhood of tabu search meta-heuristic. A new operator was introduced and changes in other operators were carried out to allow feasible solutions in systems with heavy loading. The proposed mathematical model minimize the cost of unscheduled outage aim of the problem. The problem of restrictions are characterized by the operating limits of the network and evaluated periodically while the network remains in the restorative state. Additionally, the use of distributed generation and controlled remotely loads are considered to support the restoration tools. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer model. The main goal is minimize the cost of unscheduled interruption. The operating limits of the network are evaluated while it remains in the restorative state.. These limits characterize the constraints of the problem. At the mathematical model was included distributed generation and loads remotely controlled as support tools. The distributed generators are modeled by its hourly curves and the loads are modeled through curves with their consumption profile. Additionally, controlled thermostatically loads were also included into the mathematical model. Finally, the proposed solution is evaluated through a modified test system based on the IEEE 37-bus feeder test system. Eight different scenarios was evaluated. The results indicate the feasibility of the methodology to solve the distribution systems restoration problem. / FEPISA: 011/2011

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Ces travaux de thèse visent à trouver des solutions pour minimiser autant que possible la présence de microporosités dans les alliages aéronautiques conventionnels et nouveaux. Ces microporosités résultent notamment de la réaction de l’aluminium liquide, durant la phase de coulée, avec l’hydrogène apportée par la vapeur d’eau contenue dans les réfractaires. La plupart de ces produits sont des bétons hydrauliques à matrice cimentaire alumineuse. Dans une première étape, l’identification physico-chimique et minéralogique des matériaux et des produits élaborés a été réalisée. Le comportement thermo-hydrique de différentes de bétons et de pâtes cimentaires durcies a ensuite été étudié par des essais de reprise d'humidité réalisés dans diverses conditions hygrothermiques, y compris à températures élevées (300°C). On montre ainsi que les variations hydriques dépendent fortement de la nature du liant, en particulier de sa teneur en alumine. Les phénomènes de physisorption et chimisorption sont mobilisés. Parallèlement, le comportement thermique d'une goulotte réfractaire a été modélisé, première étape pour quantifier les transferts de vapeur d’eau au sein des matériaux. Des mesures continues de température et de pression ont été obtenues sur des éprouvettes de pâtes et de bétons diversement conditionnées, placées au contact d’une frette métallique maintenue à 700°C. D’autres mesures ont été faites. Elles ont consisté à immerger des échantillons (pâtes et bétons), préalablement conservés dans différentes conditions hygrothermiques, dans l’aluminium liquide, afin de comparer leur réactivité en termes de relargage d’hydrogène, d’oxygène et de vapeur d’eau / This thesis aims to find solutions to minimize as much as possible the presence of micro-porosities in conventional and new aerospace alloys. These micro-porosities resulting especially from the reaction of the molten aluminum, during the casting phase, with the hydrogen provided by the steam contained in the refractory castables. Most of these castables are composites obtained with hydraulic binders based on aluminous cements. Firstly, a physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of the basic materials and processed products was performed. Then, the thermo-hydric behavior of different castables and hardened cement pastes (principal source of the physical water and the chemical water) was then studied by moisture pick up tests made in various hygrothermal conditions, including at high temperatures (300 °C). It was shown that the hydric variations amplitudes strongly depend on the binder’s nature, in particular on its alumina content. The phenomena of physisorption and chemisorption are mobilized. Meanwhile, the transient thermal behavior in the time through the thickness of a refractory launder was modeled as a first step to quantify the water vapor transfer in the materials. Continuous measurements of temperature and pressure were obtained on pastes and concretes samples variously packged, placed in contact with a heated metal band maintained at 700 °C. Other measurements were made. They consisted into immersing samples (cement pastes and castables), previously stored in different hygrothermal conditions in liquid aluminum, in order to compare their reactivity in terms of release of hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor

No description available.

Since more and more customers switch to online purchases, the last-mile delivery problemhas created a huge burden on companies and cities. The increasing parcel delivery leads toextra operational costs in logistics and congestion in cities. IKEA, the furniture retailcompany, is going to propose a project – IKEA Urban Multi Hub to solve this problem byallowing customers to carry back orders themselves. This study collaborates with IKEA toinvestigate and formulate a robust hub that customers are willing to visit. The aim of thisresearch is to identify appropriate locations for the hub and possible future mobility that thehub should provide. Moreover, develop concepts and strategies for two cities - Shanghai cityand New York City.Research and customer interview were fundamental parts of this project. The research partincludes literature review and background that helps to preliminary clarify urban conditions,possible future mobility, and travel behavior. The customer interview part investigatescustomers’ preferences in two selected cities which helps to realize their needs and gaininspiration. The results showed that clustering with metro stations and providingautonomous mobility may create a smooth customer self-delivery experience for IKEA UrbanMulti Hub. Besides, cooperating with logistic companies can reduce the operation risk of theHub and strengthen the business model. Further concepts and strategies developed for twoselected cities are described in the thesis.

There are different transportations in the city logistics (e.g., passengers, freights, and wastes), which are handled respectively by single-purpose vehicles (SVs) of the corresponding type. The multi-purpose vehicle (MV) is a future concept whose load modules can be changed for different urban transportations. MVs enable the sequential sharing of different mobilities, thus theoretically improving the efficacy of the city logistics by higher utilization of vehicles. A variant model of the Pick-up and Delivery Problem with Time Windows is established to describe the sequential sharing problem considering both MVs and SVs with the features of multiple depots, partial recharging strategies, and fleet sizing. In the problem, MVs can change their load modules for all types of objects carried by SVs. An adaptive large neighborhood algorithm (ALNS) is developed with new mechanisms for MVs. The proposed ALNS is tested by 15 artificial data cases and compared with the MIP solver. The results show the proposed ALNS is time-effective and validated to find good solutions. / Det finns olika transporter i stadslogistiken (t.ex. passagerare, gods och avfall), som hanteras av enskilda fordon (SV) av motsvarande typ. Multifunktionsfordonet (MV) är ett framtida koncept vars lastmoduler kan ändras för olika stadstransporter. MV möjliggör sekventiell delning av olika mobiliteter, vilket på ett teoretiskt sätt förbättrar stadslogistikens effektivitet genom högre användning av fordon. En variantmodell av Pick-up and Delivery Problem with Time Windows är etablerad för att beskriva det sekventiella delningsproblemet med beaktande av både MV och SV med funktionerna i flera depåer, partiella laddningsstrategier och flottans storlek. I problemet kan MV: er ändra sina belastningsmoduler för alla typer av objekt som bärs av SV: er. En adaptiv stor stadsdelalgoritm (ALNS) har utvecklats med nya mekanismer för MV. Den föreslagna ALNS testas av 15 artificiella datafall och jämförs med MIP-lösaren. Resultaten visar att det föreslagna ALNS är tidseffektivt och validerat för att hitta bra lösningar.

Here I study the “plasma interactions with icy bodies in the solar system”, that is, my quest to understand the fundamental processes that govern such interactions. By using numerical modelling combined with in situ observations, one can infer the internal structure of icy bodies and their plasma environments. After a broad overview of the laws governing space plasmas a more detailed part follows. This contains the method on how to model the interaction between space plasmas and icy bodies. Numerical modelling of space plasmas is applied to the icy bodies Callisto (a satellite of Jupiter), the dwarf planet Ceres (located in the asteroid main belt) and the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The time-varying magnetic field of Jupiter induces currents inside the electrically conducting moon Callisto. These create magnetic field perturbations thought to be related to conducting subsurface oceans. The flow of plasma in the vicinity of Callisto is greatly affected by these magnetic field perturbations. By using a hybrid plasma solver, the interaction has been modelled when including magnetic induction and agrees well with magnetometer data from flybys (C3 and C9) made by the Galileo spacecraft. The magnetic field configuration allows an inflow of ions onto Callisto’s surface in the central wake. Plasma that hits the surface knocks away matter (sputtering) and creates Callisto’s tenuous atmosphere. A long term study of solar wind protons as seen by the Rosetta spacecraft was conducted as the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko approached the Sun. Here, extreme ultraviolet radiation from the Sun ionizes the neutral water of the comet’s coma. Newly produced water ions get picked up by the solar wind flow, and forces the solar wind protons to deflect due to conservation of momentum. This effect of mass-loading increases steadily as the comet draws closer to the Sun. The solar wind is deflected, but does not lose much energy. Hybrid modelling of the solar wind interaction with the coma agrees with the observations; the force acting to deflect the bulk of the solar wind plasma is greater than the force acting to slow it down. Ceres can have high outgassing of water vapour, according to observations by the Herschel Space Observatory in 2012 and 2013. There, two regions were identified as sources of water vapour. As Ceres rotates, so will the source regions. The plasma interaction close to Ceres depends greatly on the source location of water vapour, whereas far from Ceres it does not. On a global scale, Ceres has a comet-like interaction with the solar wind, where the solar wind is perturbed far downstream of Ceres. / Här studerar jag “plasmaväxelverkan med isiga kroppar i solsystemet”, det vill säga, min strävan är att förstå de grundläggande processerna som styr sådana interaktioner. Genom att använda numerisk modellering i kombination med observationer på plats vid himlakropparna kan man förstå sig på deras interna strukturer och rymdmiljöer. Efter en bred översikt över de fysiska lagar som styr ett rymdplasma följer en mer detaljerad del. Denna innehåller metoder för hur man kan modellera växelverkan mellan rymdplasma och isiga kroppar. Numerisk modellering av rymdplasma appliceras på de isiga himlakropparna Callisto (en måne kring Jupiter), dvärgplaneten Ceres (lokaliserad i asteroidbältet mellan Mars och Jupiter) och kometen 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Det tidsvarierande magnetiska fältet kring Jupiter inducerar strömmar inuti den elektriskt ledande månen Callisto. Dessa strömmar skapar magnetfältsstörningar som tros vara relaterade till ett elektriskt ledande hav under Callistos yta. Plasmaflödet i närheten av Callisto påverkas i hög grad av dessa magnetfältsstörningar. Genom att använda en hybrid-plasma-lösare har växelverkan modellerats, där effekten av magnetisk induktion har inkluderats. Resultaten stämmer väl överens med magnetfältsdata från förbiflygningarna av Callisto (C3 och C9) som gjordes av den obemannade rymdfarkosten Galileo i dess bana kring Jupiter. Den magnetiska konfigurationen som uppstår möjliggör ett inflöde av laddade joner på Callistos baksida. Plasma som träffar ytan slår bort materia och skapar Callistos tunna atmosfär. En långtidsstudie av solvindsprotoner sett från rymdfarkosten Rosetta utfördes då kometen 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko närmade sig solen. Ultraviolett strålning från solen joniserar det neutrala vattnet i kometens koma (kometens atmosfär). Nyligt joniserade vattenmolekyler plockas upp av solvindsflödet och tvingar solvindsprotonernas banor att böjas av, så att rörelsemängden bevaras. Denna effekt ökar stadigt då kometen närmar sig solen. Solvinden böjs av kraftigt, men förlorar inte mycket energi. Hybridmodellering av solvindens växelverkan bekräftar att kraften som verkar på solvinden till störst del får den att böjas av, medan kraften som verkar till att sänka dess fart är mycket lägre. Ceres har enligt observationer av rymdteleskopet Herschel under 2012 och 2013 haft högt utflöde av vattenånga från dess yta. Där har två regioner identifierats som källor för vattenångan. Eftersom Ceres roterar kommer källornas regioner göra det också. Plasmaväxelverkan i närheten av Ceres beror i hög grad på vattenångskällans placeringen, medan det inte gör det långt ifrån Ceres. På global nivå har Ceres en kometliknande växelverkan med solvinden, där störningar i solvinden propagerar långt nedströms från Ceres.

<p>Clusters are finite ensembles of atoms or molecules with sizes in the nanometer regime (<i>i.e.</i> nanoparticles). This thesis present results on the geometric and electronic structure of homogeneous and heterogeneous combinations of atoms and molecules. The systems have been studied with synchrotron radiation and valence, core and Auger electron spectroscopic techniques.</p><p>The first theme of the thesis is that of mixed clusters. It is shown that by varying the cluster production technique both structures that are close to that predicted by equilibrium considerations can be attained as well as far from equilibrium structures.</p><p>Electronic processes following ionization constitute the second theme. The post-collision interaction phenomenon, energy exchange between the photo- and the Auger electrons, is shown to be different in clusters of argon, krypton and xenon. A model is proposed that takes polarization screening in the final state into account. This result is of general character and should be applicable to the analysis of core level photoelectron and Auger electron spectra of insulating and semi-conducting bulk materials as well.</p><p>Interatomic Coloumbic Decay is a process that can occur in the condensed phases of weakly bonded systems. Results on the time-scale of the process in Ne clusters and mixed Ar/Ne clusters are herein discussed, as well observations of resonant contributions to the process. In analogy to Auger <i>vis-à-vis</i> Resonant Auger it is found that to the ICD process there is a corresponding Resonant ICD process possible. This has later been observed in other systems and by theoretical calculations as well in subsequent works by other groups.</p><p>Delocalization of dicationic valence final states in the hydrogen bonded ammonia clusters and aqueous ammonia has also been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy. With those results it was possible to assign a previously observed feature in the Auger electron spectrum of solid ammonia.</p>