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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

SIlver Tower - A New Paradigm for Tall Building Design

Vann, Michael Preston 01 June 2016 (has links)
The events of September 11, 2001, seemed to many to presage the end of the skyscraper as an urban form. Some 15 years later, the skyscraper is more prevalent than ever before, owing to its unique advantages over other building forms in an urban, environmental, and sociological context. Skyscrapers are rising ever higher, pushing the limits of architecture and engineering. In 2001 there were 23 buildings over 1,000 feet in height. As of this writing there are 173 buildings over 1,000 feet completed or under construction, with 300 more in various phases of proposal. Despite their enormous initial cost in both capital and energy, the skyscraper maximizes the use of constricted urban space and provides enormous opportunities for technological and sociological innovation which, despite more that 100 years of skyscraper construction, are only just beginning to be realized. This thesis will explore a number of as-yet unrealized possibilities for skyscraper development to prognosticate and articulate future typologies designed to address increasing problems of energy efficiency, population density and disaster preparedness. As the human population grows, and more people move to the cities, larger and larger buildings will be necessary to house them at densities sufficient to ensure energy efficiency and minimize sprawl. The skyscraper is uniquely suited to meet these demands. / Master of Architecture
22

Implementing a Piezoelectric Transformer for a Ferroelectric Phase Shifter Circuit

Roberts, Anthony M. 16 May 2012 (has links)
No description available.
23

A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation of Actively Controlled Piezoceramics with Positive Posistion Feedback for Structural Damping

DeGuilio, Andrew Phillip 13 April 2000 (has links)
This study evaluates the effectiveness of actively controlled piezoceramics with positive position feedback (PPF) for reducing structural vibrations. A comparison is made between active control with PPF and a parallel resistor-inductor (RLC) shunt technique. The primary objectives of this study are to: 1. Explore the feasibility of using smart materials and fiber optics for simultaneous health monitoring and active damping of a representative aircraft panel. 2. Determine how optical fiber sensors may be used to detect vibration modes of an aircraft panel by investigating their use on a representative test article. 3. Determine how piezoelectric patches may be used to detect and counteract fundamental resonances of a representative test article. 4. Determine a control algorithm and hardware system to increase substantially the damping in the fundamental mode of the representative test article over a wide temperature range. 5. Develop a health-monitoring algorithm based on fiber optic sensors to detect impedance changes in a representative test article. 6. Make a comparison between active control with PPF and an RLC shunt technique. To achieve the objectives of this study, a special test rig was used to evaluate the performance of piezoelectric materials (PZTs) for vibration suppression. The test rig was used to rigidly clamp a flat 20-guage steel plate, and then excite the plate in various frequency ranges with an electromagnetic shaker. For each test, a data acquisition system was used to acquire the data to evaluate the performance of each PPF controller. Once the data was obtained, a comparison was made between active damping with PPF and passive damping with the RLC shunt technique. The active damping technique used for this study combined piezoelectric actuators with fiber optic sensors to achieve simultaneous active control and health monitoring of a test plate. The results of the active damping tests show that piezoelectric materials can provide substantial narrowband and broadband frequency reductions, while at the same time detecting damage on the test plate. More specifically, the test results indicate that smart damping materials can decrease the fundamental mode of vibration of the test plate by 23 dB and detect damage such as a loose bolt in the clamping frame, with the addition of only 0.04 lb of PZT on the test plate. The active damping technique reduced the plate vibrations at each mode within the frequency range of interest, with only one-third the amount of piezoelectric material needed for an RLC shunt circuit technique. / Master of Science
24

Πρότυπα για ευφυή σύνθετα υλικά και κατασκευές με δυνατότητες αυτοανίχνευσης βλάβης

Χρυσοχοΐδης, Νικόλαος 12 January 2009 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη προτύπων πεπερασμένων στοιχείων ικανών να προσομοιώσουν την μορφική και δυναμική απόκριση ευφυών δοκών με διαστρωματική αποκόλληση. Έμφαση δίνεται στη χρήση πιεζοηλεκτρικών διεγερτών και αισθητήρων. Στη πρώτη ενότητα πραγματοποιούνται πειραματικές μετρήσεις σε δοκούς με αποκόλληση χρησιμοποιώντας διάφορες μεθοδολογίες διέγερσης και δειγματοληψίας, οι οποίες περιλαμβάνουν πιεζοηλεκτρικά στοιχεία (actuators,sensors) εκτός των κλασικών μεθόδων (shaker, accelerometer). Από τις πειραματικές μετρήσεις διαπιστώνονται οι δυνατότητες χρήσης πιεζοηλεκτρικών στοιχείων ενώ ανιχνεύεται και ποσοτικοποιείται η επίδραση της ύπαρξης και έκτασης αποκόλλησης στα μορφικά χαρακτηριστικά των δοκών. Στη συνέχεια διατυπώνονται μοντέλα μεσομηχανικής αποσκοπώντας στη προσομοίωση της ηλεκτρομηχανικής συμπεριφοράς ευφυών δοκών με αποκόλληση. Τα πρότυπα αυτά είναι συζευγμένα ηλεκτρομηχανικά και με τη χρήση κατάλληλου πεπερασμένου στοιχείου δοκού οδηγούν στο ηλεκτρομηχανικό σύστημα το οποίο χρησιμοποιείται για να προβλέψει τη στατική και μορφική απόκριση δοκών με διαστρωματική αποκόλληση. Στην επόμενη ενότητα τα πρότυπα μεσομηχανικής καθώς και το πεπερασμένο στοιχείο επεκτείνονται, έτσι ώστε να επιβάλλονται με φυσικό τρόπο συνθήκες επαφής και περιορισμού της οριζόντιας κίνησης (τριβής) μεταξύ των δύο μερών της αποκόλλησης. Το συζευγμένο μη‐γραμμικό ηλεκτρομηχανικό σύστημα που προκύπτει χρησιμοποιείται για να προσδιορίσει τη μεταβατική απόκριση δοκών με αποκόλληση και επαληθεύεται με πειραματικές μετρήσεις. Τέλος παρουσιάζεται ένα δισδιάστατο πρότυπο πεπερασμένο στοιχείο ευφυούς δοκού με αποκόλληση. Στο πρότυπο αυτό τα μοντέλα μεσομηχανικής επεκτείνονται περιλαμβάνοντας μεταβλητό πεδίο επίπεδων και εγκάρσιων αξονικών μετατοπίσεων, αποτελώντας τις δύο διαστάσεις του μοντέλου ώστε να προβλέψει τη στατική, μορφική και δυναμική απόκριση δοκών μεγάλου πάχους με αποκόλληση σε υψηλές συχνότητες. Χρησιμοποιείται για να προσομοιάσει συμμετρικές κατά το πάχος ιδιομορφές και την κυματική διάδοση υψηλών συχνοτήτων ευφυών δοκών με αποκόλληση. Τέλος τα μοντέλα εφαρμόζονται για τον περαιτέρω προσδιορισμό της βλάβης μέσα από την απόκριση χρόνου‐συχνότητας. / -
25

Evolution des propriétés diélectriques, ferroélectriques et électromécaniques dans le système pseudo-binaire (1-x)BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3- xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 / Corrélations structures et propriétés / Evolution of the dielectric, ferroelectric and electromechanical properties in the pseudo-binary system (1-x)-BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3 xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 / structure-property correlations

Benabdallah, Feres 20 May 2013 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif la caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques descéramiques de composition (1-x) BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3-x Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 préparées par frittage conventionnelet frittage flash (SPS). Les études structurales réalisées au voisinage du point triple (x≈ 0.32) à l’aidede la diffraction des RX de haute résolution (synchrotron) sur poudre ont introduit des modificationsmajeures sur le diagramme de phase température-composition déjà proposé. La réponseélectromécanique géante mesurée est alors corrélée à la dégénérescence du profil de l’énergie libreinduite par les instabilités structurales. De plus, la flexibilité de la polarisation sous contraintesthermique et électrique est couplée à un assouplissement de la maille cristalline. Ces deuxcaractéristiques contribuent ensemble à une réponse électromécanique colossale via une forteactivité des murs de domaine. La dégradation des propriétés diélectriques, ferroélectriques etpiézoélectriques pour les céramiques BCTZ (x=0.32 et 0.5) élaborées par frittage flash estessentiellement attribuée aux fluctuations importantes de composition et à la stabilisation de laconfiguration des murs de domaines avec la diminution de la taille des grains. / The aim of this work is to make a full characterization of the structural, microstructural, dielectric,ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the perovskite-structured oxides (1-x) BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method (conventional sintering) andSPS fabrication technique. Using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, the structuralinvestigations carried out close to the triple point (x≈ 0.32) have introduced significant corrections tothe previously published composition-temperature phase diagram. The colossal electromechanicalresponse was then correlated to a strongly degenerate free energy landscape caused by structuralinstabilities. Furthermore, the coupling between the high polarization flexibility under electric andthermal stresses and the ‘lattice softening’ gives rise to a giant electromechanical response due tohigh domain wall activities. The decrease of the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric propertiesof BCTZ ceramics (x=0.32 and 0.5) processed by SPS was essentially attributed to the largecompositional fluctuations and stable domain wall configurations as the grain size decreased.
26

Ultrafast photogeneration and photodetection of coherent acoustic phonons in ferroelectric BiFeO3 / Photogénération et Photodétection Ultrarapide de Phonons Acoustiques Cohérentes dans le Ferroélectrique BiFeO3

Lejman, Mariusz 06 October 2015 (has links)
La technique d’optique ultra-rapide pompe-sonde, qui repose sur l’emploi de lasers à impulsion ultracourte(femtoseconde), permet de déclencher et étudier des processus ultrarapides dans la matière. L’acoustique picoseconde concerne pour sa part l’étude des processus de génération et détection de phonons acoustiques haute fréquence ainsi quel’analyse des nanomatériaux avec ces phonons (nanoéchographie). Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse avaient pourbut l’étude des couplages électronphonon acoustique dans le matériau ferroélectrique BiFeO3 par acoustique ultrarapide. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que selon l’orientation du cristal photoexcité, l’émission des phonons acoustiques cohérents longitudinaux (LA) et transverses (TA) pouvait être modulée. De manière spectaculaire, nous avons purévéler un couplage électron-phonon acoustique transverse très efficace comme cela n’avait jamais été observé jusqu’alors dans les métaux, semiconducteurs ou nanostructures artificielles. Une étude détaillée indique que le mécanismepiézoélectrique inverse semble être le moteur de ce couplage électron-phonon (Lejman et al, Nature Communications, 2014). Dans une seconde partie, nous avons montré que BFO, ainsi qu’un autre ferroélectrique biréfringent LiNbO3 (LNO), peuvent être utilisés pour la conversion de mode ultra-rapide par processus acousto-optique (manipulation de la polarisation de la lumière à l’échelle de la picoseconde avec des phonons acoustiques). Cet effet, jamais mis enévidence jusqu’alors dans le domaine GHz, pourrait potentiellement être exploité dans de nouveaux dispositifs photoniques/phononiques pour des modulations acousto-optiques à haute cadence. / Ultrafast optical pump-probe technique, by exploiting ultrashort laser pulses (femtosecond), allows to initiate and monitor ultrafast processes in matter. Picosecond acoustics is a research field that focuses on the generation and detection mechanisms of high frequency coherent acoustic phonons in different media, as well as on their application in testing of nanomaterials and nanostructures. This PhDs research project was devoted to study of electron-acoustic phonon coupling in ferroelectric BiFeO3 (bismuth ferrite, BFO) by ultrafast acoustics. We have evidenced that depending on the BFO crystal orientation it was possible to tune the coherent phonons spectrum with in particular variable amplitude of longitudinal (LA) and transverse (TA) acoustic modes. In some grains with particular crystallographic orientations much stronger TA than LA signal was observed. Spectacularly, we have revealed an efficient coupling between electron and transverse acousticphonon. Such high ratio never reported before in any metal, semiconductor or nanostructure before, can be principally attributed to the photoinduced inverse piezoelectric effect (Lejman et al Nature Communications 2014). In a second part, we have shown that BFO as well as another birefringent ferroelectric LiNbO3 (LNO) can be used for ultrafast acousto-optic modeconversion (manipulation of light polarization at the picosecond time scale with coherent acoustic phonons). This effect, never reported at GHz up to now, can be potentially applied in photonics for ultrafast manipulation of light polarization bycoherent acoustic phonons in next generation photonic/phononic devices.
27

Large Area Electronics with Fluids : Field Effect on 2-D Fluid Ribbons for Desalination And Energy Harvesting

Kodali, Prakash January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
This work studies the influence of field effect on large area 2 dimensional ribbons of fluids. A fluid of choice is confined in the channel of a metal-insulator-channel-insulator-metal architecture and is subjected to constant (d.c) or alternating (a.c) fields (de-pending on the application) along with a pressure drive flow. A general fluid would be composed of molecules having certain polarizability and be a dispersion of non-ionic and ionic particulates. The field effect response under pressure driven flow for this fluid would result in electrophoresis, electro osmosis, dielectrophoresis, dipole-dipole interaction and inverse electro osmosis phenomena. Using some of these phenomena we study applications related to desalination and energy harvesting with saline water as the ex-ample fluid for the former case, and solution processed poly vinyldene fluoride (PVDF) for the latter case. The geometrical features of \large area" and the \ribbon shape" can be taken advantage of to influence the design and performance for both applications. With regards to desalination, it is shown via experiments and theoretical models that the presence of alternating electric fields aid in ion separation along the flow when the saline water is subjected to laminar flow. Moreover, the power consumption is low due to the presence of the insulator. An average of 30% ion removal efficiency and 15% throughput is observed in the systems fabricated. Both performance parameters are discussion can be improved upon with larger channel lengths. The \2-D ribbon" and alternating field effect aid in achieving this by patterning the randomly distributed ions in the bulk into a smooth sheet charge and then repelling this sheet charge back into the bulk. The electric field exhibited by this sheet charge helps trap more ion sheets near the interface, thereby converting a surface ion trapping phenomena (when d.c is used) to a bulk phenomena and thereby improving efficiency. With regards to energy harvesting, a solution of PVDF in methyl ethyl ketone and 1-methyl-2-pyrollidone is confined to the \2-D ribbon" geometry and subject to high d.c fields. This aids in combining the fabrication, patterning and poling process for PVDF into one setup. Since the shape of the ribbon is defined by the shape of the channel, the ribbons (straight or serrated) can be used to sense forces of various magnitudes. More importantly experiments and theoretical models are studied for energy harvesting. Since the ribbon geometry defines the resonant frequency, large PVDF ribbon can be used to harvest energy from low frequency vibrations. Experiments show that up to 60 microwatt power can be harvested at 200 Hz and is sufficient to supplement the power for ICs.

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