CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Foram utilizado 32 leitÃes machos castrados de linhagem comercial desmamados com 21 dias de idade com aproximadamente 6,0 kg de peso vivo, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes nÃveis (0; 12; 24 e 36%) de inclusÃo de raspa integral de mandioca (RIM) e formas de arraÃoamento sobre o desempenho zootÃcnico de suÃnos na fase inicial - I (21 a 42 dias de idade), fase inicial - II (42 a 70 dias de idade) e fase total (21 a 70 dias de idade), bem como a sua viabilidade econÃmica. As raÃÃes foram isoprotÃicas (21,0 e 19,0%) e isocalÃricas (3.100 e 3.200 kcalEM/kg), respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso num esquema fatorial 4 x 2 ( quatro nÃveis de inclusÃo de RIM) e duas formas de arraÃoamento ( dietas secas e Ãmidas), com quatro repetiÃÃes por ratamento e um animal por parcela. O critÃrio para formaÃÃo de blocos foi o peso inicial dos leitÃes. O ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GPMD), o consumo de raÃÃo mÃdio diÃrio (CRMD), e a conversÃo alimentar (CA) nÃo diferem significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes nÃveis de RIM e entre as formas de arraÃoamento. Conclui-se que à tecnicamente viÃvel a utilizaÃÃo da raspa integral de mandioca atà o nÃvel de 36% nas raÃÃes de suÃnos na fase inicial (21 a 70 dias de idade), independente da forma de arraÃoamento e que o nÃvel de inclusÃo de 12% de RIM foi o que mostrou melhor resposta bioeconÃmica. / 32 piglets were used to castrate commercial line weaned at 21 days of age with approximately 6.0 kilograms of weight, to evaluate the effects of different levels (0, 12, 24 and 36%) of full inclusion of scraping of cassava (RIM) and forms of arraÃoamento on the performance of breeding pigs in the initial stage - I (21 to 42 days of age), the initial phase - II (42 to 70 days old) and total phase (21 to 70 days of age), and its economic viability. The diets were isoproteic (21.0 and 19.0%) and isocaloric (3,100 and 3,200 kcalEM / kg), respectively. The experimental design was a block at random in a 4 x 2 factorial (four levels of inclusion of RIM) and two forms of arraÃoamento (dry and wet diets), with four repetitions per eatment and one animal per share. The criterion for training block was the initial weight of piglets. The gain in average daily weight (GPMD), the average daily consumption of feed (CRMD), and feed conversion (CA) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for different levels of between RIM and the forms of arraÃoamento. It follows that it is technically feasible to use the full scraping of cassava to the level of 36% in pig feed in the initial phase (21 to 70 days of age), regardless of the form of arraÃoamento and that the level of inclusion of 12% RIM, which was the best response showed bioeconÃmica.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi_E_S_Castro.pdf: 1189104 bytes, checksum: 12f00ef710b1bba848e4215441daed1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional value of Cassava Dehydrated Coproduct (CDC) and its effects on performance and blood variables of piglets fed different levels of CDC. In the first experiment, the digestible e test was carried out and 30 hybrid pigs averaging 18 (0.673) kg of initial weight (IW) were individually housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the category and different levels of CDM (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet, making the treatments. In the second experiment 120 piglets (60 males and 60 females) with initial weight of 13.05 (1.59) kg and final average weight of 26.03 (3.46) kg were distributed in experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments, six replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of CDC. The corn and soybean meal based feed was formulated to meet the requirements for pigs in the initial phase. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and to present significant differences, the averages were compared by Dunnet test at 10% significance level. The digestibility assay revealed values of digestible energy and metabolizable energy of 3022 and 2984 kcal kg-1, respectively, in the natural matter of CDC. There was no effect (P>0.10) of CDC inclusion levels on final weight and average daily gain, however there was effect (P<0.10) of CDC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. The use of the CDC can be an alternative of energy source to feed piglets in the initial phase, and the inclusion of 2.56% of coproduct promoted maximum feed intake / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o valor nutricional do Coproduto Desidratado de Mandioca (CDM) e seus efeitos no desempenho e nas variáveis sanguíneas de leitões alimentados com diferentes níveis do coproduto desidratado de mandioca. No experimento I, realizou-se um ensaio de digestibilidade e foram utilizados 30 leitões híbridos com média de 18,00 (0,673) kg de peso inicial (PI), alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, e distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. Uma ração referência foi formulada para atender as exigências nutricionais da categoria e diferentes níveis do CDM (6, 12, 18 e 24%) foram utilizados para substituir a ração referência, compondo os tratamentos. No experimento II foram utilizados 120 leitões (60 machos inteiros e 60 fêmeas) com peso vivo inicial de 13,05 (1,59) kg e peso médio final de 26,03 (3,46) kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e 4 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%) do Coproduto Desidratado da Mandioca (CDM). As rações à base de milho e farelo de soja foram formuladas para atender ao recomendado para suínos na fase inicial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e, ao apresentar diferença significativa, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Dunnet a 10% de significância. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram encontrados os valores de Energia Digestível e Energia Metabolizável do CDM de 3022 e 2984 kcal kg-1 na matéria natural, respectivamente. Não houve efeito (P>0,10) de níveis de inclusão de CDM sobre o peso final e ganho diário de peso, no entanto observou-se efeito (P<0,10) dos níveis de CDM sobre o consumo diário de ração e conversão alimentar. O uso do coproduto desidratado de mandioca pode ser uma alternativa energética para rações de leitões na fase inicial, sendo que a inclusão de 2,56% deste coproduto promoveu o máximo consumo de ração

Orientadores: Pedro Eduardo de Felício, Expedito Tadeu Facco Silveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_Adrieli_M.pdf: 8341197 bytes, checksum: 0c42c7ec6fe220e8c93e5d91ee4d7c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de esclarecer os efeitos combinados da imunocastração e da suplementação com ractopamina (RAC), nas características e composição de carcaça e rendimentos de cortes, trezentos e treze suínos híbridos, de duas granjas comerciais, representando dois grupos genéticos, Topigs da Granja A (n = 203) e Agroceres PIC da Granja B (n = 110), foram utilizados para o estudo. Os animais foram agrupados por sexo, fêmeas (FE), machos fisicamente castrados (FC) e imunocastrados (IC - Vivax, Pfizer Saúde Animal), e RAC, com (7,5 mg/kg, 21d) e sem suplementação. Dez meias carcaças resfriadas de cada combinação sexo e RAC de cada granja (N = 120) foram selecionadas pelo peso de carcaça quente e dados da tipificação eletrônica para as avaliações. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3 (granja, RAC e sexo). Para os efeitos principais, carcaças de animais da granja B, IC e RAC apresentaram maiores quantidades e rendimentos de carne magra do que os da granja A, FE e FC e não suplementados. A interação granja e sexo foi significante nas variáveis PCQ, PCF, ET3, ETM (P<0,01) e PT10ª (P<0,05); também nos pesos dos cortes carré e fraldinha (P<0,01); pesos de carne magra dos cortes pernil, coxão duro, patinho, carré (P<0,01) e lagarto (P<0,05); e nos rendimentos dos cortes paleta, sobrepaleta e antebraço (P<0,05). Interação significativa também foi detectada entre granja e RAC em carne magra dos cortes barriga, filezinho e perna (P<0,05); e em rendimento do filezinho (P<0,05) e de sexo e RAC nos peso dos cortes antebraço (P<0,05) e ponta de peito (P<0,01), carne magra dos cortes barriga ventral, ponta de peito (P<0,01), alcatra e paleta (P<0,05); e nos rendimentos do corte ponta de peito (P<0,01). A ractopamina aumentou a AOL apenas dos imunocastrados da Granja B em comparação aos não suplementados. As fêmeas suplementadas com RAC tiveram maior AOL do que IC e FC. A utilização de RAC aumentou (P<0,05) a profundidade de gordura (HGPg) dos FC da Granja A, mas diminuiu nos da Granja B. Concluiu-se que a utilização de ractopamina e a imunocastração aumentam a porcentagem de carne magra da carcaça, diminuindo a porcentagem de gordura, e existe um efeito aditivo na combinação desses fatores, que varia entre os cortes avaliados / Abstract: In order to clarify the combined effects of immunocastration and supplementation with ractopamine (RAC), on carcass characteristics and composition as well as cuts yield, three hundred and thirteen crossbred pigs from two commercial farms representing distinct genetic crosses, Topigs from Farm A (n = 203) and Agroceres PIC Farm B (n = 110), were used for the study. The animals were grouped by sex, females (FE), physically castrated males (FC) and immunocastrated males (IC - Vivax, Pfizer Animal Health), and RAC, with (7.5 mg/kg, 21d) and without supplementation. Ten chilled half carcasses of each combination, gender and RAC from each farm (N = 120) were selected based on hot carcass weight and data from Hennessy Grading (HGP) for the evaluations purposes. The experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 x 3 (farm, RAC and sex). Considering main effects, carcasses of animals from farm B, IC and RAC, had higher lean meat content and yield (P<0.05) than those from farm A, FE and FC, and nonsupplemented. The farm and sex interaction was significant for the carcass traits hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), last lumbar rib fat thickness (FT3), average backfat thickness (ABT) (P<0.01) and 10th rib fat thickness (F10th) (P<0.05); as well as for anatomic loin and to ventral part of the belly cut weights (P<0.01); lean meat weights from ham, flat, knuckle, loin (P<0.01) and eye of round (P<0.05); and for anatomic cuts yields of shoulder, neck and front shank (P<0.05). Significant interaction was also detected between farm and RAC considering lean meat from belly, tenderloin and hind shank (P<0.05); and for tenderloin yield (P <0.05); and between sex and RAC for anatomic cuts front shank (P<0.05) and jawl (P<0.01), lean meat of to ventral part of the belly, jawl (P<0.01), rump and shoulder (P<0.01); and for jawl yield (P<0.01). Ractopamine increased loin eye area (LEA) only for immunocastrated males from Farm B in comparison to non-supplemented. Females supplemented with RAC had higher LEA than IC and FC. The use of RAC increased (P<0.05) HGP fat depth (HGPg) for FC from Farm A, but decreased in those from Farm B. It was concluded that the use of ractopamine and immunocastration increase carcass lean meat percentage and reduces fat percentage, and there is an additive effect in the combination of these factors, which varies according to the evaluated cuts / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Au sevrage, la séparation de la mère, le changement d’environnement et la transition d’un régime lacté à un régime solide et complexe déstabilisent les fonctions de digestion et de défense du porcelet. Le sevrage entraîne l’apparition de diarrhées nécessitant souvent l’utilisation d’antibiotiques pour contrôler les infections digestives. L’émergence de souches bactériennes antibiorésistantes est devenue un enjeu de santé publique majeur. Développer des méthodes alternatives aux antibiotiques pour promouvoir la santé du porcelet sevré est une nécessité. L’objectif de la thèse est d’évaluer le potentiel de deux microalgues –la Spiruline et la Chlorelle– pour promouvoir la santé digestive du porcelet au sevrage.Deux essais ont été effectués chez des porcelets sevrés dans des conditions d’hygiène contrastées –standard ou dégradées– recevant ou non 1% de Spiruline ou de Chlorelle dans l’aliment. En conditions d’hygiène standard, la supplémentation en Spiruline ou en Chlorelle a amélioré la digestibilité des nutriments et la morphologie intestinale sans impact sur la croissance du porcelet sevré. En conditions d’hygiène dégradée, la supplémentation en Spiruline ou en Chlorelle a altéré les performances de croissance sans affecter sensiblement les indicateurs de la santé digestive. Dans un troisième essai, une administration orale en microalgues en amont et en aval du sevrage a été testée afin d’évaluer la capacité de la Spiruline ou de la Chlorelle à limiter la déstabilisation précoce du système digestif au sevrage. L’administration orale de Spiruline a favorisé la croissance e / Weaning is a critical step in pig farms. Separation from the sow, change in the environment and dietary transition from liquid milk to a solid diet induces a destabilization of digestive and defense functions in weaned pig. Weaning leads to digestive disorders and growth alteration that often require antibiotic use to alleviate pathogen invasion and mortality. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major concern for public health. Thus, it has become necessary to find new strategies to promote digestive health in weaned pigs. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of two microalgae – Spirulina and Chlorella – as new functional ingredients to promote digestive health in piglets at weaningTwo trials were conducted in pigs weaned in contrasted sanitary conditions –good or poor–and that received 1% of Spirulina or Chlorella in starter diet. In good sanitary conditions, dietary supplementation with Spirulina and Chlorella both enhanced nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology but did not affect growth performance. In poor sanitary conditions, both Spirulina and Chlorella supplementation altered growth performance with slight effect on indicators of digestive health. In a third trial, oral administration of the two microalgae before and after weaning was assayed to evaluate the ability of Spirulina and Chlorella to limit the early intestinal changes caused by weaning. Spirulina administration before and after weaning enhanced growth in suckling piglets and reduced risk of diarrhoea outcome in weaned pigs. Potential mechanisms of action of Spirulin

Les émissions élevées de CO2 de la filière industrielle de fabrication des tuyaux en fonte résultent pour l'essentiel de l'emploi massif de carbone fossile, charbon et coke, comme combustible et agent réducteur dans les procédés. Substituer du carbone issu de biomasse au carbone fossile en vue de réduire ces émissions de CO2, avec application au cas d'une usine lorraine, a été l'idée de départ de ce travail. Différents types de biomasse ont été envisagés. Le bois et la paille seraient localement disponibles en quantité suffisante pour autoriser une substitution partielle de 20 % du coke. Cette biomasse doit cependant être traitée thermiquement (séchage et pyrolyse) avant de satisfaire les spécifications techniques imposées par les procédés métallurgiques (agglomération, cokerie, haut fourneau). Six scénarios d'usage de la biomasse au haut fourneau ou à l'agglomération ont été sélectionnés. Pour les évaluer sur la base de leur mérite environnemental, nous avons réalisé une analyse de cycle de vie comparative en suivant une approche du type berceau à la porte. Point original de notre étude, l'inventaire de cycle de vie est issu de modèles systémiques des principaux procédés, spécifiquement développés et intégrés à un logiciel de diagrammes de flux. Grâce à ces modèles et notamment celui du haut fourneau, on a pu déterminer les taux de remplacement du coke par trois types de biomasse (charbon de bois en blocs, charbon de bois pulvérisé, bois torréfié pulvérisé) et prédire les modifications de fonctionnement qu'entrainerait l'injection de biomasse. Les résultats de l'analyse de cycle de vie montrent que l'injection de bois, carbonisé ou torréfié, sous forme pulvérisée aux tuyères du haut fourneau serait une solution intéressante d'un point de vue environnemental : baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (-15 %) et des impacts sur la santé humaine et sur les écosystèmes. A l'heure actuelle cependant, le coût économique d'une telle solution demeure excessif / High CO2 emissions from the industrial production of pig iron pipes are mainly due to the massive use of fossil carbon, coal and coke, as a fuel and/or a reducing agent in the processes. The use of biogenic carbon as a substitute for fossil carbon in order to reduce the CO2 emissions, in the case of an existing plant in Lorraine, was the starting point of our work. Different types of biomass were investigated. Local resources for wood and straw would be sufficient for a partial substitution for 20% of the coke. However, this kind of biomass should first undergo a thermal pretreatment step (drying and pyrolysis) to fit the technical requirements for the metallurgical processes (sinter plant, coke oven and blast furnace). Four scenarios of using biomass in the blast furnace or at the sinter plant were selected. To evaluate their environmental performances, we produced a comparative life cycle assessment, using a cradle-to-gate approach. An original feature of our study lies in the use of systems modeling for the determination of the life cycle inventories of the main processes, which were modeled using a flowsheeting software. From these models, particularly the model of the blast furnace, we could evaluate the replacement ratio of three biomass types (charcoal lumps, charcoal fines and torrefied wood fines) for the coke and predict the influence of biomass injection in the blast furnace on its operation. The results of the life cycle assessment show that the injection of pulverized, torrefied or carbonized, wood through the tuyeres of the blast furnace would be an attracting solution from an environmental point of view. It would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15%, as well as mitigate the impacts on human health and ecosystems. Yet, the costs associated to such a solution are currently too high

Sarcoptes scabiei est un acarien ectoparasite obligatoire. Sa présence dans la couche cornée de l’épiderme est à l’origine d’une gale dite sarcoptique. Cette ectoparasitose a été décrite chez 104 espèces de mammifères représentant 27 familles distinctes. Les traitements actuels de la gale sarcoptique ne sont pas toujours satisfaisants et il n’existe pas de produits qui permettent d’éliminer S. scabiei dans l’environnement. Par ailleurs, la diversité génétique de S. scabiei n’est pas clairement définie et l’unicité de l’espèce fait toujours l’objet de controverses.L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’évaluer l’efficacité d’acaricides vis-à-vis de S. scabiei en utilisant un modèle animal ou par le biais de tests in vitro. La diversité génétique d’isolats d’origine animale a également été étudiée. La première partie du travail de thèse a concerné un essai thérapeutique L’efficacité d’une administration orale unique d’afoxolaner, une molécule du groupe des isoaxazolines, a été évaluée sur des porcs expérimentalement infestés. Le critère principal d’évaluation a été la réduction du nombre de sarcoptes mis en évidence dans les raclages cutanés. Huit jours après le traitement, aucun sarcopte n’a été détecté sur les 4 porcs ayant reçu l’afoxolaner alors que des sarcoptes étaient toujours présents sur les 3 porcs ayant reçu de l’ivermectine. Tous les porcs traités étaient guéris à la fin de l’essai (J35) alors que les animaux non traités sont demeurés infestés. Les autres critères d’évaluation étaient l’évolution du score clinique et de prurit. Les lésions cutanées ont rapidement régressé dans le groupe traité par l’afoxolaner alors qu’elles étaient encore présentes à J14 dans le groupe traité avec l’ivermectine. La deuxième partie du travail de thèse a porté sur l’évaluation in vitro de différentes molécules ou produits acaricides. Plusieurs concentrations d’une solution d’ivermectin ou de moxidectine ainsi 11 huiles essentielles ont été testées. Après 24h de contact avec l’ivermectine et la moxidectine, la dose létale 50% étaient de 150,2±31,4 µg/mL et 608,3±88,0 µg/mL, respectivement. Une concentration inférieure à 1 ng/mL (pour l’ivermectine) ou à 10 ng/mL (pour la moxidectine) n’a aucune activité acaricide. Pour les huiles essentielles, des tests par fumigation et par immersion ont été réalisés. Parmi Lavandula augustifolia, Melaleuca altenifolia, Pelargonium asperum, Eucalyptus radiate, Leptospermum scoparium, Cryptomeria japonica, Citrus aurantium ssp amara et 3 l’huile essentielle identifiée (BOB4, BOB5, BOB9) testés par immersion, l’huile essentielle identifiée BOB4 s’est révélée la plus efficace (une solution à 1% tue tous les acariens en 20 min). Parmi les 10 huiles essentielles énumérées avant, plus Juniperus oxycedrus testés par immersion, l’huile essentielle de Melaleuca altenifolia s’est révélée la plus efficace (tous les acariens sont morts en 4 min). Pour le contrôle de S. scabiei dans l’environnement, différents biocides ou répulsifs ont été examinés. La durée moyenne de survie a été calculée pour les produits comportant de la perméthrine, de l’esdépallethrine et de la bioresmethrine, de la bifenthrine, de la cyperméthrine et de l’imiprothrine, de la cyfluthrine, de la tétramethrine et de la sumithrine, du DEET, de l’icaridine et le produit IR3535. La deuxième partie du travail de thèse a porté sur la diversité génétique d’isolats de S. scabiei provenant d’animaux. Une partie du gène cox1 a été amplifiée. L’analyse des séquences ainsi obtenues semble montrer que les sarcoptes circulant chez le Chien sont issus de population de sarcoptes d’origine humaine. / Sarcoptes scabiei is an ectoparasite responsible for the emerging/re-emerging disease called scabies in humans or mange in animals. It was reported in 104 species across 27 families of domestic and wild animals. Current treatments for scabies/mange are limited and there are no efficient products for the environment control of S. scabiei. Moreover, the taxonomic status of S. scabiei is still under controversy and the question remains that whether it represents a single species or several taxa.The objectives of the thesis were to assess the susceptibility to acaricides and analyse the genetic diversity of S. scabiei from animals. In the first part of the thesis, an animal model was used to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner, a new acaricide from the isoaxazoline family. The primary outcome of efficacy was based on the reduction in the number of live mites counted in skin scrapings following treatment. At day 8, four afoxolaner-treated pigs (out of four) were mite-free, while mites were still found in three (out of three) ivermectin-treated pigs. All treated pigs were cured at the end of the study (day 35) and all pigs in the control group remained infected. Secondary outcomes included measures on the reduction of skin lesions and pruritus. The clinical lesions of scabies infection were allowed to disappear completely for all the pigs in the afoxolaner group but not in the ivermectin group at 14 days after the treatment. An increase of the pruritus was observed right after treatment, followed by a decrease of the pruritus score in both treated groups. The second part of the thesis was to evaluate the scabicidal effect of molecules or products using an in vitro test. A gradient of concentrations of ivermectin and moxidectin as well as 11 essential oils have been evaluated in vitro against S. scabiei. After 24h of exposure to ivermectin and moxidectin, the median lethal concentrations were 150.2±31.4 µg/mL and 608.3±88.0 µg/mL, respectively. Doses of ivermectin under 1 ng/mL and moxidectin under 10 ng/mL showed no scabicidal effect. Fumigation and contact bioassays were used for the assessment of essential oils efficacy. Among Lavandula augustifolia, Melaleuca altenifolia, Pelargonium asperum, Eucalyptus radiate, Leptospermum scoparium, Cryptomeria japonica, Citrus aurantium ssp amara and 3 other unknown oils (BOB4, BOB5, BOB9) tested with the contact bioassay, the essential oil identified as BOB4 demonstrated the best scabicidal effect (1% solution killed all the mites in 20 min). Among the 10 essential oils listed before plus Juniperus oxycedrus with the fumigation bioassay, the oil Melaleuca altenifolia demonstrated the best scabicidal effect (all the mites died in only 4 min). For environmental control of S. scabiei, the efficacy of biocides or repellents was assessed. The median survival time was calculated for permethrin (4% and 0.6%), esdepallethrin and bioresmethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin and imiprothrin, cyfluthrin, tetramethrin and sumithrin, DEET (25% and 50%), icaridin and IR3535. The third part of the thesis included the study of the genetic diversity of populations of S. scabiei from animals. A part of cox1 was used for phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that Sarcoptes mites from dogs seem to derive from humans.

The progress of cell therapy can be greatly facilitated by using suitable experimental models. It is essential to verify the clinical usefulness of new healing procedures obtained in studies on laboratory animals by using a large animal model. One of suitable models well acceptable in medical community is undoubtedly the miniature pig, which resembles humans in terms of physiology and body proportions. This PhD thesis presents the summary of our experimental studies relating to possible exploitation of mesenchymal and neural stem cells in the healing of locomotive apparatus and neural tissue disorders in humans or animals. The first part of the thesis briefly describes the current issue of cell therapy and animal models, mesenchymal cells and/or their combination with new types of scaffolds, neurogenesis, neural stem cells and their potential application in therapy of spinal cord injury. The second part is focused on the goals and methodology, the individual publications being listed in the third part. Our experiments with iatrogenic physeal defect in rabbits, which served as a model of the occurrence of valgous deformation in the clinical practice, showed the positive preventive and therapeutical effects of a new type of scaffolds seeded with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in animals without...

The thesis covers the term for specific data analysis called Big Data. The thesis firstly defines the term Big Data and the need for its creation because of the rising need for deeper data processing and analysis tools and methods. The thesis also covers some of the technical aspects of Big Data tools, focusing on Apache Hadoop in detail. The later chapters contain Big Data market analysis and describe the biggest Big Data competitors and tools. The practical part of the thesis presents a way of using Apache Hadoop to perform data analysis with data from Twitter and the results are then visualized in Tableau.

Approche expérimentale de deux systèmes de production porcine différenciés par le mode de logement : Contribution à la recherche d'un développement durable.Les éleveurs de porcs, confrontés à de nouvelles problématiques en relation avec le développement durable, formulent des demandes de recherche de références de plus en plus complexes et diversifiées. Pour y répondre, les Chambres d'agriculture de Bretagne ont mis en place une expérimentation système. Cette thèse questionne l'intérêt de la démarche et des premiers résultats obtenus. La configuration des systèmes d'élevage mis en comparaison a été définie dans le cadre d'une approche participative et les systèmes on été comparés en s'appuyant sur une méthodologie d'approche expérimentale systémique.La définition et la hiérarchisation des objectifs ont constitué l'étape préalable. C'est principalement la demande sociale qui a conduit au choix de deux systèmes différenciés par le mode de logement des animaux, sur litière ou sur caillebotis, et le mode de gestion des effluents, sous la forme de lisier ou de fumier, avec des effets attendus sur le bien-être animal et l'environnement. Au sein de chaque système plusieurs itinéraires techniques ont été mis en comparaison, correspondant à différentes options techniques possibles. Des règles de conduite ont ensuite été définies pour chacun de ces itinéraires techniques. Intra-système, les truies en gestation sont logées en groupes soit dans des petites cases (4 à 8 truies) équipées de réfectoires et d'une aire d'exercice, soit dans une grande case (24 truies) équipée d'un automate de distribution d'aliment. Chaque loge de post-sevrage et d'engraissement des salles sur caillebotis accueillent 11 animaux selon deux modalités de surface (normes actuelles ou surface accrue de 1/3). Sur litière, les animaux sont élevés en post-sevrage et en engraissement dans des loges de 42 porcs, sur paille ou sur sciure. En post-sevrage, les porcelets sont alimentés à volonté au nourrisseur. En engraissement, ils sont alimentés soit à volonté au nourrisseur, soit rationné en soupe. Les performances et la durabilité des différents itinéraires techniques sont évaluées à partir des données collectées entre janvier 2006 - peuplement du dispositif - et mai 2008. Les performances zootechniques moyennes sont élevées et diffèrent peu entre les deux systèmes d'élevage. Elles sont également voisines pour les différents itinéraires techniques : 10,9 porcelets sevrés par portée, 159 jours d'âge à l'abattage, 2,50 points d'indice de consommation en engraissement, 2,1% de perte d'animaux entre le sevrage et la vente. [...] Suite et fin du résumé dans la thèse. / Systemic comparison of two pig production systems differentiated by animal housing conditions, either on slatted floor or on litter bedding : Contribution to a more sustainable development.In the context of sustainable development pig breeders, facing new questions and new issues, ask more diversified and complex questions and need new references on their production systems. To answer to their demand the Chambre d'Agriculture of Brittany has set up a systemic experimental approach. The pig production systems compared in this experiment were built using a participative approach.The definition and prioritization of the objectives was the first step in designing the systems. The social demand was the most important in the choice of the two systems which differ for animal housing, on slatted floor or on litter bedding, and for manure management, as slurry or as solid manure, with expected effects on animal welfare and environment. Management and decision rules were then defined for each system and sub-system. In each system gestating sows were housed either in small groups (4-8 sows) with an individual feeding stall, of in a large group (24 sows) with and automated feeding stall. On slated floor, 11 pigs were housed per post-weaning or fattening pen, with an area per pig corresponding to either the EU regulation or 1/3 more. On litter bedding, 42 pigs were housed per post-weaning or fattening pen with either straw or sawdust as bedding material. Post-weaning piglets were fed dry feed ad libitum in a feeder. Fattening pigs were fed either ad libitum with dry feed or restrictedly with two meals of mash feed per day. Performance and sustainability of the different raising systems were evaluated from the data collected from January 2006 -the creation of the herd- until May 2008. Average animal performances were high and similar for the two systems and the different housing and feeding strategies: 10.9 piglets weaned/litter, 159 days of age at slaughter, 2.50 kg/kg feed conversion ratio during fattening, 2.1% mortality from weaning to slaughter. Last and final summary in the thesis.

A atividade suinícola, assim como as demais atividades pecuárias, é diretamente dependente de recursos naturais e, portanto, a falta de conhecimento acerca do impacto sobre os recursos hídricos na atividade pecuária pode comprometer o crescimento do setor. Neste contexto, a pegada hídrica surge como um indicador abrangente do uso da água que permite avaliar qual é o consumo utilizado, direta ou indiretamente, para produzir um determinado produto ao longo de toda a cadeia produtiva. Este trabalho avaliou a pegada hídrica no desenvolvimento da atividade suinícola na região do Corede Serra, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando os suínos abatidos no ano de 2014. O cálculo da pegada hídrica foi aplicado para o processo de produção das culturas de milho e soja, destinadas à alimentação dos suínos (pegada hídrica verde), para o processo de confinamento, onde foram considerados os volumes de água destinados a dessedentação animal, limpeza das áreas de criação e incorporação ao animal (pegada hídrica azul) e o volume de água necessário para diluir a carga de fósforo que lixivia em direção aos recursos hídricos a partir da aplicação dos dejetos com fertilizantes (pegada hídrica cinza). A pegada hídrica verde foi a mais significativa (59,35%), seguida pela pegada hídrica cinza (40,44%) e pela pegada hídrica azul (0,21%). Observa-se que o maior consumo de água está na produção das culturas de milho e soja, que são a base da alimentação dos animais e não na água associada ao processo de confinamento. Para reduzir a pegada hídrica verde é necessário aumentar a produtividade de milho e soja, através de investimentos em tecnologias e zoneamento, associado a programas e políticas públicas com vistas ao aumento da produtividade das culturas. Investir em modelos de bebedouros mais eficiente, que forneçam um volume adequado de água e atendam à fase de criação animal, apresenta-se como uma opção de baixo custo para a economia de água e consequente redução da pegada hídrica azul. A pegada hídrica cinza pode ser reduzida através do uso de tecnologias mais eficientes de tratamento dos dejetos suínos, de forma que o fósforo seja removido ou reduzido em baixas concentrações antes de ser aplicado no solo. Ao aplicar a metodologia da pegada hídrica em uma unidade de referência composta por trinta e um município, observou-se que o nível de detalhamento das informações necessárias para se obter um resultado compatível com a situação real, é um verdadeiro desafio. Os resultados obtidos a partir deste trabalho poderão ser utilizados no planejamento das atividades suinícolas no Corede Serra com vistas a gestão dos recursos hídricos. / The pig activity, as well as other livestock activities, is directly dependent on natural resources. The lack of knowledge about the impact on water resources in the cattle industry can jeopardize the growth of the sector, highlighting the need for methodologies to assess the performance of the same. In this context, the water footprint comes as a comprehensive indicator of water use that evaluates what is the consumption used, directly or indirectly, to produce a particular product throughout the supply chain. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the water footprint in the development of pig activity in the Corede Serra region, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, considering the pigs slaughtered in the year 2014. The calculation of the water footprint was applied to the production process of corn and soybeans, aimed at feeding the pigs (green water footprint) and the confinement process, which were considered the volumes of water for animal watering, cleaning the areas of creation and incorporation into the animal (blue water footprint) and the volume of water needed to dilute the phosphorus load of bleach from the application of manure fertilizer and finds the water (gray water footprint). The green water footprint is the most significant (59.35%), followed by the gray water footprint (40.44%) and the blue water footprint (0.21%). It is observed that the highest water consumption is in the production of corn and soybean crops, which are the staple diet of the animals and not in the water associated with the confinement process. Reducing the green water footprint is necessary to increase the productivity of corn and soybeans, through investments in technologies and zoning, associated with programs and policies aimed at increasing crop productivity. Investing in more efficient models drinking fountains, giving an adequate volume of water and meet the phase of breeding, presents itself as a low-cost option for saving water and consequent reduction of the blue water footprint. The gray water footprint can be reduced through the use of more efficient technologies for processing of manure, so that phosphorus is removed or reduced to low levels before being applied to the soil. By applying the methodology of water footprint in a reference unit consisting of thirty-one municipalities, it was observed that the level of detail of the information required to obtain a result consistent with the actual situation, it is a real challenge. The results from this work will be used in the planning of pig activities in COREDE Serra with a view to managing water resources.