Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).

This thesis is an exploration of diaries and letters written by middle-class English-speaking settler women living on the Eastern Cape frontier between 1820 and 1890. By according primacy to these women’s experiences and perceptions, it aims for a greater understanding of women’s encounters with the frontier, and how these were articulated in their personal writing. An emphasis on the recurrent themes of ill-health, fearfulness and solitude undermines the popular myth of the brave, conquering, invincible pioneers which dominates settler historiography to date. The tensions felt by white women living on the frontier disrupted their identities as middle-class Victorian ‘ladies’, and as a result these women either constantly re-established a sense of self, or absorbed some aspects of the Eastern Cape, and thus redefined themselves. Settler women’s experiences of the frontier changed little during the seventy year period spanned by this study, indicating that frontier life led to a rigidification and reinforcement of old, familiar values and behaviours. Rather than adapting to and embracing their new surroundings, settler women sought to duplicate accepted, conventional Victorian ideals and customs. White Victorian women identified themselves as refined, civilized, moral and respectable, and perceived Africa and Africans as untamed, immoral, uncivilized and threatening. To keep these menacing, destabilizing forces at bay, settler women attempted to recreate ‘home’ in the Eastern Cape; to domesticate the frontier by rendering it as familiar and predictable as possible. The fear, illness and solitariness that characterise settler women’s personal writings manifest their attempts to eliminate alienating difference, and record their refusal to truly engage with the frontier landscape and its inhabitants.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 gonçalves_rf_me_rcla.pdf: 2991756 bytes, checksum: c544ce14a67ac400bd3b97498a9e3108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Florestas secundárias são produtos da degradação de vegetação primária e subsequente regeneração natural e se destacam como um componente florestal dominante em paisagens tropicais, contribuindo para o restabelecimento das funções ecológicas e com o fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos. Porém, a capacidade de restauração depende primariamente da chegada e estabelecimento de plantas pioneiras, enquanto a manutenção das populações florestais depende de condições ambientais propícias, como a ocorrência de dispersão de sementes e fluxo gênico entre os fragmentos florestais e regenerantes. Com o intuito de avaliar como espécies vegetais pioneiras abundantes respondem à composição da paisagem o presente estudo analisou a variação espacial genética de Cecropia hololeuca Miq. (Urticaceae) ao longo de uma região heterogênea e com diferentes graus de fragmentação. O estudo foi realizado em 18 paisagens ao longo de um gradiente de cobertura florestal de 21% a 90% dentro da região do Corredor Cantareira-Mantiqueira. A partir de oito marcadores microssatélites, foi possível identificar três grandes agrupamentos genéticos, indicando fraca estruturação genética de C. hololeuca ao longo da região estudada. Os atributos da paisagem que mais contribuíram à diferenciação genética entre os grupos de indivíduos (populações espaciais) foram distância geográfica, proporção de área urbana e presença de rodovias e, também contribuindo de forma positiva, mas em menor intensidade, o eucalipto. Embora a cobertura florestal tenha diminuído a diferenciação genética entre as manchas, contribuindo na conectividade entre elas, esta contribuição foi a mais fraca dentre as variáveis testadas nos modelos. Desta forma, é importante considerar estruturas relacionadas à urbanização ao se tratar de conectividade funcional, já que o fluxo gênico parece estar respondendo de forma negativa aos impactos antrópicos recentes. Ainda assim, a utilização de C. hololeuca em programas de restauração ecológica para esta região apresenta grande potencial de sucesso, desde o seu estabelecimento em áreas abandonadas, devido às sementes que podem ser dispersas a longas distâncias, até contribuindo com condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da sucessão ecológica. / Secondary forests are products of primary vegetation degradation and subsequent natural regeneration and stand out as a dominant forest component in tropical landscapes, contributing to the restoration of ecological functions and the provision of ecosystem services. Restauration depends first on the arrival and establishment of pioneer trees and second on favorable environmental conditions and maintenance of ecological processes such as pollen and seed dispersal from within and across forest patches. In order to evaluate how abundant pioneer species respond to the landscape composition, the present study analyzed the genetic spatial variation of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. (Urticaceae) along the heterogeneous region of the Cantareira-Mantiqueira Corridor, in Northeast São Paulo. The study was conducted in 18 landscapes, with forest cover varying from 21% to 90%. Using data on eight microsatellites markers we identified three genetic clusters, indicating weak genetic structure of C. hololeuca throughout the studied region. The landscape attributes that had the greatest contribution to genetic differentiation between groups of individuals (spatial populations) were geographic distance, proportion of urban area and presence of highways and, with a positive but with weaker effect, proportion of eucalyptus plantations. Contrary to our expectations, forest cover was considered less important to both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation between spatial populations. Recent anthropogenic land uses, such as urbanization, seem to affect more strongly the functional connectivity across the region. The utilization of C. hololeuca in ecological restauration programs holds great success potential. Pollen and seeds can travel long distances and transpose a myriad of land uses and covers, therefore can contribute significantly to the natural regeneration in abandoned and degraded pastures creating favorable conditions to ecological succession.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-10T20:43:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-11-11T18:58:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-11T18:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Paulo Borges Campos Júnior - 2014.pdf: 3117370 bytes, checksum: 3889e0233adaf50113e6873d1e6b7172 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process of Goiás economy formation was marked by mineral economics, with great emphasis on the gold, in the eighteenth century, and by agriculture, especially livestock, in the nineteenth century. For many years, this economy was limited to a domestic consumer market with great predominance of subsistence, given the then existing difficulty of disposing of their production, in the absence of an adequate transportation system that would meet such demands. This bottleneck of economic nature was partly solved with the arrival, in Goiás territory, the Railroad of Goiás (EFG) in 1913, in the early years of the twentieth century. This new road system was instrumental in the pioneering front, in Martins (1975) view, the reality of a market economy. This research therefore analyzed, the transformation taken place in the state of Goiás, between 1913 and 1940, with the Railroad of Goiás as its catalyst agent. These changes occurred in the environment, the land which now becomes merchandise and a new relationship between man and nature, in the Goiás region given by this railroad tracks in a very particular way in seven townships in the region. The environmental impacts of the EFG in these townships where it passed were treated by the consumption of firewood and wooden cross ties, results of readings taken in the management report of the EFG and testimonials from former employees and suppliers of the railway. At the same time, the transformation of land into merchandise, in the townships of Ipameri and Bonfim, was discussed from land prices, the main indicator used to arrive at changes in these places was obtained through surveys the local offices of the land records. Regarding the relationship of man with nature, this was analyzed, basically, by means of an extensive oral survey, conducted with former employees of the railroad, with former suppliers of firewood and railway wooden cross ties, plus testimonials from former owners of rural region. The presence of the railroad then in Goiás, as a catalyst element, created the essential conditions for the transformations that have taken place there, either onsite biome, specifically the land that extends its prices, being treated as a commodity, and new relations of man with nature, dictated by the presence in the region, in a market economy. / O processo de formação da economia goiana foi marcado pela economia mineral, com grande destaque para o ouro, no século XVIII, e pela agropecuária, notadamente a pecuária, no século XIX. Durante longos anos, esta economia esteve limitada a um mercado consumidor interno, com grande predominância da subsistência, dada às dificuldades então existentes de escoar sua produção, face à ausência de um sistema de transporte adequado que viesse a atender tais demandas. Esse estrangulamento de natureza econômica foi em parte resolvido com a chegada, no território goiano, da Estrada de Ferro de Goiás (EFG), em 1913, nos primeiros anos do século XX. Esse novo sistema viário serviu de instrumento da chamada frente pioneira, na visão de Martins (1975), na realidade de uma economia de mercado. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisou, assim, as transformações ocorridas no estado de Goiás, entre 1913 e 1940, tendo a Estrada de Ferro de Goiás como seu agente catalizador. Esse quadro de mudanças aconteceu no meio ambiente, na terra que agora passa a ser mercadoria e nas novas relações do homem com a natureza, nas regiões goianas servidas pelos trilhos dessa ferrovia, de maneira muito particular em sete municípios da região. Os impactos ambientais da EFG nesses municípios por ela cortados foram tratados a partir do consumo de lenhas e de dormentes por esta, resultados de leituras feitas nos relatório da administração da EFG e de depoimentos de ex-funcionários e de fornecedores da ferrovia. Ao mesmo tempo, a transformação da terra em mercadoria, nos municípios de Ipameri e de Bonfim, foi discutida a partir do comportamento dos preços da terra, sendo o principal indicador usado para se chegar a essas mudanças nas localidades ora tratadas obtidos por meio de pesquisas nos cartórios locais de registros de terra. Quanto à relação do homem com a natureza, esta foi analisada, basicamente, por meio de uma extensa pesquisa oral, realizada com ex-funcionários da Estrada, com antigos fornecedores de lenhas e dormentes para essa ferrovia, além de depoimentos de antigos proprietários rurais das regiões em questão. A presença então da ferrovia em Goiás, como elemento catalizador, criou as condições essenciais para as transformações que aconteceram em seu território, seja no bioma local, mais especificamente na terra que amplia seus preços, sendo tratada como mercadoria, e das novas relações do homem com a natureza, ditadas pela presença, na região, de uma economia de mercado.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Norma_Barbado.pdf: 2070778 bytes, checksum: ed667fd80db82f8ed6cdf85c71dfa73e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / The collection site of seeds and the environment where seedlings develop can be limiting factors for the development of forest plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of the pink pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI), grown from seeds from four locations with different altitudes (São Francisco do Sul - SC, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, Maringá PR and Guarapuava - PR) and developed under different light conditions (50, 60, 70 and 100%). The seeds were collected from three arrays of each selected place and sent to Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista de Itaipu, where a sample was taken for analysis of vigor and germination according to the methodology of the Rules for Seed Analysis. The experimental design used in the germination test was randomized with twelve replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. Analyses related to the development of the seedlings occurred from collections in 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, assessing growth rates on the plant height, the size of the root, diameter of the collect, the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stem + petiole, fresh and dry weight of root, fresh weight and total dry mass. The experiment was arranged in triple factorial scheme with four levels for each factor (43). The factors evaluated were: local seed collection, luminosity and time, with nine replications, discarding the two highest and the two lowest values. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and for the meaningful responses to the variables it was used analysis of variance univariate and Tukey test. To identify the best treatment for the production of seedlings of Pink Pepper, the set of response variables (b1) from the treatments applied to principal component analysis (PCA) on the correlation matrix (Pearson) of variables and the criterion for retention of principal components (PCs) used was "broken-stick", also used on the randomizing test. The seeds that showed better percentage of normal seedlings, better germination in the first count (7 DAS), higher index of germination speed, best length of roots and shoots of seedlings at 21 DAS were those from São Francisco do Sul - SC. The seeds that showed the lowest germination rate and a lower percentage of the first count germination (7 DAS), were from Maringá - PR. The best seedlings of the Pink Pepper were obtained from seeds collected in Maringá - PR at 70% brightness, with lower variability. The seedlings that had the lowest rates of development were produced with the seeds of São Francisco do Sul - SC and Foz do Iguaçu - PR at 50% brightness / O local de coleta de sementes e o ambiente onde as mudas se desenvolvem, podem ser fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento de mudas de plantas florestais. Diante do exposto, a execução deste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI), oriundas de sementes provenientes de quatro locais com diferentes altitudes (São Francisco do Sul - SC, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, Maringá - PR e Guarapuava - PR), desenvolvidas sob diferentes condições de luminosidade (50, 60, 70 e 100%). As sementes foram coletadas de três plantas matrizes de cada local selecionado e encaminhadas ao Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista de Itaipu, onde foi retirada uma amostra para as análises do vigor e germinação das sementes de acordo com a metodologia das Regras para Análise de Sementes. O delineamento experimental usado no teste de germinação foi inteiramente casualizado, com doze repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. As análises relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das mudas produzidas ocorreram a partir das coletas em 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a semeadura, avaliando-se as taxas de crescimento relativas à altura da planta, ao tamanho da raiz, ao diâmetro de coleto, ao número de folíolos, a massa fresca e massa seca das folhas, a massa fresca e massa seca do caule + pecíolo, a massa fresca e massa seca da raiz, a massa fresca e massa seca total. O delineamento experimental foi organizado em esquema fatorial triplo, com quatro níveis em cada fator (43). Os fatores avaliados foram: local de coleta das sementes, luminosidade e tempo, com nove repetições, descartando-se os dois maiores e os dois menores valores. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da análise de variância multivariada e para as variáveis respostas significativas, utilizou-se a análise de variância univariada e o teste de Tukey. Visando identificar o melhor tratamento para a produção das mudas de aroeira-vermelha, no conjunto das variáveis respostas (b1) provenientes dos tratamentos aplicou-se a análise de componentes principais (PCA) sobre a matriz de correlação (Pearson) das variáveis e o critério de retenção de componentes principais (PCs) adotado foi o de broken-stick , também foi utilizado o teste de randomização. As sementes que apresentaram melhor porcentagem de plântulas normais, melhor porcentagem de germinação na primeira contagem (7 DAS), maior índice de velocidade de germinação, melhor comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plântulas aos 21 DAS, foram as oriundas de São Francisco do Sul - SC. As sementes que apresentaram menor índice de velocidade de germinação e menor porcentagem de germinação na primeira contagem (7 DAS), foram as provenientes de Maringá - PR. As melhores mudas de aroeira vermelha foram obtidas a partir de sementes coletadas em Maringá - PR a 70% de luminosidade, apresentando menor variabilidade. As mudas de aroeira vermelha que apresentaram as menores taxas de desenvolvimento foram as produzidas com sementes de São Francisco do Sul - SC e Foz do Iguaçu - PR a 50% de luminosidade

La présente analyse est ciblée sur la transition entre les phases géomorphologiques, pionnières et biogéomorphologiques décrites par le concept de succession biogeomorphologique fluviale d’une rivière sablo-graveleuse de plaine, la Loire moyenne. L’étude se focalise sur la reproduction sexuée et la survie (dans leur premiers stades, au cours des crues) de deux espèces de Salicacées : Populus nigra L. et Salix alba L. sur une barre sédimentaire et repose sur des approches in- et ex-situ. La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire d’une barre forcée influence le potentiel de survie des semis des ligneux pionniers. Les semis présentent des adaptations morphologiques différentes en fonction des conditions sédimentaires de germination modulant leur potentiel de survie. Trois modèles conceptuels sont proposés : (i) dynamique d’une barre forcée en crue, (ii) évolution longitudinale des processus de mortalité des semis selon le granoclassement amont-aval, (iii) vitesse d’évolution d’une barre forcée vers une île pionnière initiée par l’installation de semis de ligneux pionniers et archivage sédimentaire associé dans une rivière sablo-graveleuse de plaine. / The present study is focused on the three first stages: geomorphic, pioneer and biogeomorphic of the Fluvial Biogeomorphological Succession applied to a sandy-gravel bed lowland river: the Loire River (in its middle reaches). This work is based on both an in and ex situ approach. It analyses the recruitment and survival during their first stages of growth of two Salicaceae trees: Populus nigra L. and Salix alba L. developed on a non-migrating (forced) bar. The dynamics of this bar influences the survival potential of seedlings during floods. The seedlings adapt morphologically according to the sedimentary structure, and as a consequence, modify their survival potential. Three conceptual models detail: (i) the dynamics of a mid-channel forced bar during floods, (ii) the longitudinal evolution of the mortality of seedlings induced by the downstream fining of sediments, (iii) the sediment archiving and time needed to reach a pioneer island state from a non-migrating vegetated bar.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Arlo Biere / The investors I am representing would like to know if they can be successful in the seed industry. They have certain skills and abilities along with industry experience that provides them with certain advantages that would allow them to succeed in the industry. The thesis or study will provide them with a detailed study of the possibilities and the challenges that are before them. To gain insight into positioning a firm in the industry, one must find a tool to help us to discover the answers to the question. I will use "Strategic Visioning in Cascade", this model outlines area of interest such as; a strategic overview, a value proposition, a market analysis, a functional analysis, financial projection and exit strategy in its total. The focus of the study will provide insight into the value proposition and market analysis. The value proposition will follow Michael Porter's Competitive Strategy analogy of cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. The market analysis will follow Thompson and Strickland's seven questions that lead to understanding of the selected industry.

In her lifetime Jacoba Elizabeth (Nonnie) de la Rey, née Greeff (1856-1923) was widely known not only for being the wife of the eminent General Koos de la Rey, but also for her exceptional tenacity during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). From December 1900 to the conclusion of the war in May 1902 she and her children lived a nomadic life. Nonnie's experiences were recorded in her memoirs, Mijne omzwervingen en beproevingen gedurende den oorlog, which were published in Amsterdam in 1903. Shortly thereafter – also in 1903 – the English edition, A Woman's Wanderings and Trials During the Anglo-Boer War, as translated by Lucy Hotz, was published in Londen. The 18 months that Nonnie spent wandering through the country probably constitute the most important phase of her life, but she experienced a great deal more, which she recorded in another memoir. Her childhood and pioneer's life are well documented. At the age of eighteen Nonnie met Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey; they were married on 24 October 1876 and settled in the vicinity of Lichtenburg. The period from 1880 to 1899 constitute a kaleidoscope of events in Nonnie's life, for example the First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881), the loss of Nonnie's father and mother, and a move to the farm Elandsfontein. The South African War broke out in 1899. Nonnie's life during the war years can be divided into two phases, namely the period when she lived in Lichtenburg (October 1899 to November 1900), and the period characterised as her wandering years (December 1900 to May 1902). Events in Nonnie de la Rey's life from 1902 to 1923 include their official visit to Europe, the restoration of Elandsfontein, Union (1910) and Koos de la Rey's political involvement, the Rebellion of 1914 and the death of Koos de la Rey. In her final years Nonnie was involved with various organisations. She was an eminent presence in her community, being revered as a “volksmoeder” by her compatriots. She died in 1923. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

The purpose of this project is two-fold. The first purpose is to explore the benefits of incorporating the arts in the education of all students. Incorporating the arts into other curricular areas enhances learning and makes it more meaningful to the student. The second purpose is to develop a performance program that brings the California Gold Rush era and the cultural diversity of that period of history alive.

L’Amazonie est soumise depuis plusieurs décennies à un changement rapide d’occupation du sol du fait de la déforestation, l’installation de systèmes de production agricole, notamment l’élevage bovin et plus récemment le soja. L’un des défis majeurs est de mieux comprendre la dynamique spatiale de ces processus et ses déterminants. Avec la réduction de la déforestation et l’évolution agraire sur les fronts pionniers, les ressources et contraintes naturelles semblent gagner en importance dans les choix opérés par les agriculteurs. L'objectif de la présente recherche est d'évaluer le rôle des facteurs biophysiques dans la dynamique de l’occupation du sol depuis 2000 et d’anticiper sur des futurs possibles dans un territoire amazonien d’ancien front pionnier, aujourd’hui consolidé, la municipalité de Paragominas. Nous avons mis en œuvre un modèle spatialement explicite, afin d’identifier la distribution spatiale des processus de changement en relation avec différents facteurs. Des entretiens réalisés avec des producteurs explicitent les logiques sous-jacentes. Les résultats montrent qu'il y a différentes logiques d'usage des ressources biophysiques, qui varient selon les types de production, la taille des exploitations, la distance aux routes et villages, et la distribution spatiale des ressources biophysiques dans l'exploitation. Elles évoluent au fil du temps, en fonction des productions et des avancées technologiques, et sont organisées dans l'espace. La mise en évidence de ces relations spatiales constitue une avancée significative pour représenter l'évolution de l’ usage des sols et constituer un appui dans la définition de politiques de développement territorial. / The Amazon has been subject to a rapid change in land use due to deforestation for several decades and more recently to the expansion of annual crops like soybeans. One of the major challenges is to understand better the spatial dynamics of these processes and its determinants. With the reduction of deforestation and the consolidation of pioneer fronts, natural resources and constraints seem to be gaining in importance in farmers' choices. The objective of this research was to assess the role of biophysical factors in land use dynamics since 2000 and to anticipate possible futures in a consolidated Amazonian pioneer frontier, the municipality of Paragominas. We implemented a spatially explicit model to identify the spatial distribution of change processes in relation to different factors. Interviews with farmers explain the underlying strategy. The results show different strategies for the use of biophysical resources according to the types of production, the size of the farms, the distance to roads and villages and the spatial distribution of biophysical resources in the farm. The strategies evolve over time, in relation to production and technological advances, and are organized in space. A better understanding of the importance of biophysical resources on the evolution of pioneer fronts through this type of method could provide support for land-use policies.