This master's thesis deals with creation of generators of the code for existing virtual platforms QEMU and OVP. This work consist of study of techniques, which are used by virtual machines for their work. Main part of this work is the design of process, which transforms input instruction sets to the code used by these virtual platforms. As the result of this work functional programs, which generate the code for these virtual platforms, was created.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka följares attityder mot Ving, TUI och Apollos inlägg på Facebook och hur de tolkas utifrån kundlojalitet och e-lojalitet. Det undersöks även hur researrangörer uttrycker lojalitet via deras facebooksida. Kundlojalitet baseras på Olivers (1999) teori och e-lojalitet baseras på “8C’s” som har tagits fram av Srinivasan, Anderson & Ponnavolu (2002). Studien grundar sig i en netnografisk analys för att få en översikt och grundläggande kunskaper om researrangörernas kommunikation på Facebook. Analysen visar att de inlägg som publiceras har skillnader och likheter när det gäller den typ av lojalitet som researrangörerna uttrycker. TUI och Apollo fokuserar mest på konativ lojalitet till skillnad från Ving som fokuserar på affektiv lojalitet. Studien baseras även på semistrukturerade intervjuer vilket anses lämpligt för att få djupare förståelse. Teorierna tillämpas genom en mängd frågor som ställs till respondenterna under intervjuerna. Det framkommer att följarnas attityder gentemot Apollo verkar annorlunda till skillnad från attityderna mot Ving och TUI. När det gäller e-lojalitet verkar Ving och TUI uppfylla flera av de "8C" baserat på följarnas attityder. Apollo har inte visat sig lika starka på den fronten. Denna studie visar liknande resultat som tidigare forskning men de överensstämmer inte helt i alla aspekter. / The purpose of this study is to examine the follower's attitudes towards Ving, TUI and Apollos posts on Facebook and how they are interpreted based on the customer loyalty and e-loyalty. It also examines how the tour operators express loyalty through their facebookpage. The customer loyalty are based on Oliver’s (1999) theory and e-loyalty is based on the “8C’s” that have been developed by Srinivasan, Anderson & Ponnavolu (2002). The study is based on a netnographic analysis to get an overview and basic knowledge of the tour operators communication on Facebook. The analysis shows that the posts have differences and similarities in terms of loyalty to the tour operators’ words. TUI and Apollo mostly focus on the conative loyalty, unlike Ving where the focus is on affective loyalty. The study is also based on semistructured interviews which is appropriate in order to gain a deeper understanding. The theories are applied through a variety of questions that have been asked to the respondents during their interviews. It appears that customers' attitudes towards Apollo appear to be different from the attitudes towards Ving and TUI. About e-loyalty, Ving and TUI seem to fulfill several of the "8C’s" based on the customers attitudes. Apollo has not proved that they are as strong as the other two. This study shows a similar result as the previous studies but they don't fully agree in all aspects.

As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, organizations have been forced to undergo rapid and significant changes. One of the more extensive changes has been the transfer of work from physical offices to virtual environments, which implies that employees have been forced to adapt to new conditions. Moreover, implementing major changes is a far more complex process for larger, traditional and older organizations, since they generally have an inveterate organizational culture. Thus, there is an interest in analyzing large organizations, such as Scania, since they have been forced to undergo major changes due to covid-19, and how these changes have affected the employees' perceptions and experiences of the organizational culture. This study is based on a qualitative approach, and examines how Scania’s employees have experienced the shift from a physical workplace to a virtual workplace, and how this has affected the perceived organizational culture. The empirical data was analyzed on the basis of the study's theoretical framework, The Cultural Web, and with the help of the theory of sensemaking, as well as Schein's three levels of organizational culture. The result indicates that the transition to a virtual workplace has generated both positive and negative implications on the perceived organizational culture of Scania. This is explained by the fact that the transition to a virtual workplace has increased the individual part of sensemaking, and reduced the collective part. The results also show that employees identify more with Scania after the change than before, as they experience that the workplace has become more flexible with allowing remote work. / Till följd av covid-19-pandemin har organisationer tvingats genomgå både hastiga och stora förändringar. En av de mer omfattande förändringarna har varit förflyttningen av arbetet från de fysiska kontoren, till en virtuell miljö vilket medfört att anställda tvingats anpassa sig efter nya förutsättningar. Samtidigt har det påvisats att större, traditionella och äldre organisationer har svårare att genomföra stora förändringar på grund av en inbiten organisationskultur. Således finns ett intresse av att undersöka stora organisationer, likt Scania, som tvingats genomgå en stor förändring i samband med covid-19, och hur det har påverkat de anställdas upplevelse av organisationskulturen. Denna studie har, utifrån ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, undersökt hur de anställda på Scania upplever att organisationskulturen har påverkats av den digitala omställningen – att gå från en fysisk arbetsplats till en virtuell. Empirin analyserades utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk The Cultural Web och med hjälp av teorin om meningsskapande, samt Scheins tre nivåer av organisationskultur. Studien visade att omställningen till en digital arbetsplats har genererat både positiva och negativa implikationer på Scanias organisationskultur. Detta då övergången till en virtuell arbetsplats har ökat den individuella delen av meningsskapande, och samtidigt minskat den kollektiva. Resultatet visar även att medarbetarna identifierar sig mer med Scania efter omställningen än tidigare, då de upplever att arbetsplatsen blivit mer flexibel genom möjligheten till distansarbete.

Abstract Space has always pushed humanity further to acknowledge its existence and what was once mere speculation through observation, today we have reached a climax in fully understanding its reach and its potential for society. Through the utilization of technological advancements, people, countries, and organizations are starting to understand the capacity in utilizing our resources to create and develop fundamental applications that can create positive effects in our environment, society, and economy. The space industry is continuously evolving pushing forth a new age in space technology, a revolutionary space race. This transitory phase from old space and new space has furthered global competition and has created a new path for innovative practices that demand progression to remain sustainable and competitive in the present global environment. Which made us interested in exploring the following research question: How do new entrants in the high-technology space industry navigate the transition from old space to new space? Our thesis aims in understanding this transitory phase from old space and new space. To satisfactory answer our research question we selectively focus on Sweden’s space industry and its relative organizations and businesses. Through the evaluation of smalland medium sized organizations that exist in Sweden’s current space ecosystem, we aim to understand this evolutionary shift in innovative practices, collaborative efforts, and which factors contribute to increasing new entrants in what was once deemed a closed system. Therefore, fulfilling a research gap in academic literature by shedding light on new practices from a stakeholder’s perspective in the creation and diffusion of knowledge, networks, and motivational factors that form opportunities within existing platforms in the space industry that are essential and fundamental to the creation of progressive innovation ecosystems.  To conclude, this thesis contributes with an understanding of the historic, current and future possibilities for small and medium sized organisations within the space sector in Sweden. We explore the current ecosystem by interviewing SMEs that have embraced the opportunities that exist and with industry experts who have valuable insights to offer. We hope that with this thesis more individuals gain insight in the current restraints that new entrants are met with and how to effectively reduce those.  Key words: New space, Old space, Innovation, Ecosystem, Motivation, Platforms, Stakeholder, Opportunity forming / Business Administration

Social media has become a natural part of modern society and consumers expect to be able to tailor their online experience, their interaction with other consumers and their media intake. With the rise of digital social platforms, traditional media companies are facing a new media landscape in which they can no longer maintain traditional distribution methods but instead must rely on external actors. Through a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews, document analysis and participatory observations, this study examines the given situation and how traditional media companies can leverage opportunities and challenges of digital social platforms whose development they have limited control over. The study suggests that the challenges of digital social platforms cannot be eliminated due to the differentiating goals between traditional media companies and social media actors, however, with the implementation of sensitizing concepts, they can be minimized. Thus, resulting in an applicable leveraging process which can be used regardless of the current media landscape.

Students spend more time using English out-of-school compared to in school. Situated in previous research on Extramural English, this study will be drawing on interviews with a specially selected sample of upper secondary school students who engage in intense and personally meaningful interactions in English-mediated communities online. This qualitative research study seeks to answer how and where these students communicate. Furthermore, the students’ experiences of use of English in school and in online communities will be explored. Results are based on a thematic content analysis. Based on the result, students experience high confidence in their L2 English proficiency in online communities. However, some of the participants experience anxiety and worries when using English in school. Teachers need to be aware of their students’ Extramural English to understand challenges related to students’ in- and out-of-school L2 English experiences.

Increased participation in various social media platforms have led to large amounts of user data being generated, creating an opportunity for businesses that run the platforms to store and sell the data. This has created a situation where users are forced to weigh the benefits of using the platforms against sharing their personal information, which is a risk to their privacy. To address this issue, this study investigates how users weigh usability benefits against the perceived risks of sharing personal information. A case study was conducted on platforms run by Facebook (FP). Data collection was done through interviews and by gathering previous research before the result was analyzed using a qualitative method. The interview questions addressed usefulness, perceived risk and integrity management and were, among other research, formulated from the Technology Acceptance Model. The study made several interesting findings about usefulness, users’ need for integrity and how they perceive and tolerate various risks. Conclusions could then be drawn about how these findings affect users’ decision making process regarding their intention to use FP.

El mercado empresarial en los últimos años ha crecido a un ritmo vertiginoso por factores sociales, económicos y de salud pública, así como el acceso a la tecnología y la cada vez más sólida globalización, especialmente en el sector de las pyme y las mype. Este es un fenómeno que ha concitado la atención de diversos especialistas; por esta razón, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad describir las alternativas de financiamiento para las pyme que existen en la actualidad. Para ello, se ha organizado la investigación en seis secciones. En primera instancia, se desarrolla la evolución de las pymes a nivel nacional y extranjero. Seguidamente, se revisarán cuales son las necesidades y características del financiamiento a las pyme. En el siguiente capítulo, se analizará las diferentes formas del financiamiento tradicional y el financiamiento alternativo, además de los tipos de financiamiento que existen en cada uno de ellos. Dentro del financiamiento tradicional destacan los préstamos bancarios, factoring y leasing financiero; en el financiamiento alternativo, se utilizan plataformas digitales o fintech donde se puede acceder a un capital semilla, crowdfunding y el capital riesgo. Luego de ello, se precisan cuáles son las principales restricciones que se presentan en el proceso en el que las pyme buscan financiamiento. Finalmente, se precisará la regulación que se da a estas entidades y como beneficia el desarrollo de las pyme. La principal conclusión a la que llega esta investigación es que no existe una única modalidad de financiamiento a la que pueden acceder las pyme actualmente y estas presentan en sí mismas limitaciones que impiden que contribuyan de forma adecuada al fortalecimiento del sector. / In the last years, the business market has grown fastly due to social, economic and public health factors, as well as access to technology and increasingly strong globalization, especially in the SME and MSME sector. This is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of specialists; for this reason, the purpose of this paper is to describe the financing alternatives for SMEs. To this end, the research has been organized into six sections. First, the evolution of SMEs at the national and foreign level is developed. Next, the needs and characteristics of SME financing will be reviewed. In the following chapter, the different forms of traditional financing and alternative financing will be analyzed, as well as the types of financing that exist in each of them. Within traditional financing, bank loans, factoring and financial leasing stand out; in alternative financing, digital or fintech platforms are used where seed capital, crowdfunding and venture capital can be accessed. After that, the main restrictions that arise in the process in which SMEs seek financing will be specified. Finally, the regulation that is given to these entities and how it benefits the development of SMEs will be specified. The main conclusion reached by this research is that there is no single financing modality that SMEs can currently access, and these have limitations that prevent them from contributing adequately to the strengthening of the sector. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Digital undervisning blev under covid-19 pandemin en viktig metod för att kunna upprätthålla lärande för utbildningsinstitutioner. Genom att använda sig av digitala plattformar och verktyg som exempelvis Learning Management Systems (LMS) och Videokonferens verktyg (VKV) kan studenter lära sig utan att fysiskt vara närvarande.  Den tidigare forskningen har tagit upp de sociala och fysiska problemen som kan uppstå vid ett oönskat miljöombyte. Vidare har det lyfts fram att individer har olika förutsättningar vid distansutbildning vilket kan påverka lärandet under hela utbildningen. Det lyfts även fram styrkor och svagheter med distansundervisning men inget som specifikt berör hur de digitala plattformarna har påverkat studenters motivation, koncentration och studieteknik under covid-19. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur studenter vid Linneuniversitetet upplever att de har påverkats av den ofrivilliga distansundervisningen covid-19 medför och de digitala lärplattformar och verktyg som används. En kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har varit studiens metod vid datainsamling. Studien har förhållit sig till fem informanter som studerat på olika program inom Linneuniversitetet. För att analysera data följdes Creswells sex steg för dataanalys vilket resulterade i två huvudområden som inkluderade fyra teman och tre subteman. Studien kom fram till att studenter upplever att det finns möjligheter till sociala interaktioner med VKV. Flexibiliteten och möjligheten att vara platsoberoende är väldigt positivt för studenter. Studien har konstaterat att studenters koncentration, motivation och studieteknik har påverkats negativt sedan införandet av VKV föreläsningar. Vid användning av LMS så har upplevelsen varit att det finns en minimal påverkan på centrala faktorerna för lärande. / During the covid-19 pandemic, digital education became an important method for maintaining learning for educational institutions. By using digital platforms and tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Video Conferencing tools (VKV), students can learn without being physically present.  Previous research has addressed the social and physical problems that can arise in the event of an unwanted environmental change. Furthermore, it has been emphasized that individuals have different conditions for distance education, which can affect learning throughout the education. It also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of distance education, but nothing that specifically affects how the digital platforms have affected students' motivation, concentration and study techniques during covid-19.  The purpose of this study was to investigate how students at Linnaeus University feel that they have been affected by the involuntary distance education that covid-19 entails and the digital learning platforms and tools used. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews has been the study's method of data collection. The study involved five informants who studied in various programs within Linnaeus University. Creswell’s six steps for data analysis was chosen to analyze the data which resulted in two main areas that included four themes and three subthemes.   The study concluded that students feel that there are opportunities for social interactions with VKV. The flexibility and the opportunity to be site-independent is very positive for students. The study has found that students' concentration, motivation and study techniques have been negatively affected since the introduction of VKV lectures. When using LMS, the experience has been that there is a minimal impact on the key factors for learning.

The illicit trade with cultural property is a worldwide problem. Many of the cultural properties that are traded have been plundered and exported from countries and end up on western markets, often at auction houses and auction platforms online.  This study aims to understand the responsibility Swedish auction houses and online platforms have regarding the illicit trade with cultural properties. This is achieved by answering the following questions: what responsibility does the auction houses and online platforms have? Do they take this responsibility? Do auction houses and online platforms have policy documents regarding cultural objects? What do these policy documents in that case look like and can they be improved? Is there a difference between the policy documents of physical auction houses and auction platforms online?  To answer these questions this study focuses on three main areas of sources: document analysis of legal and policy documents, previous research and articles published in the field, as well as five qualitative and semi-struc- tured interviews. These sources are discussed throughout the analysis which have been divided thematically. An overview of the trade in Sweden culminates in a discussion about due diligence and provenance. Further, a discus- sion of the auction houses responsibilities and policy documents is followed by chapters discussing the same ques- tions in regard to the online platforms.  Conclusions which have been drawn from the empirical analysis are that the auction businesses take respon- sibility to a certain degree but that policy documents and the transparency in public discourses can be improved. Furthermore, they should be clear that they use due diligence and actually make sure that they do it in their daily activities.  This is a two-year master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.