O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o processo de transformação de um dos espaços externos de um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI), do município de São Paulo o parque. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar de que modo a participação de diferentes sujeitos influenciaram na transformação do parque de um CEI tendo como perspectiva a ideia de lugar pedagógico, utilizando o conceito de lugar embasado por Frago e lugar pedagógico por Faria. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso Stake, sendo acompanhada a jornada diária dos sujeitos presentes do CEI, durante seis meses, e como fontes de dados foram considerados: Projeto Político Pedagógico de 2015; registros do Projeto Especial de Ação (PEA) de 2015; planta arquitetônica do pavimento térreo e do pavimento superior e outros documentos referentes à manutenção do prédio e áreas externas do CEI; diário de campo da pesquisadora; registros fotográficos; transcrição de reuniões do PEA, do Conselho de Escolas e entrevistas realizadas com professoras, diretora pedagógica, coordenadora pedagógica e famílias. A análise dos dados produzidos foi realizada à luz principalmente dos conceitos de espaço escolar e cultura escolar trazidos por Frago e Escolano. A investigação desenvolvida trouxe importantes evidências acerca da participação dos sujeitos na construção de seus lugares, entre elas: como profissionais do CEI e crianças criam soluções para driblar os obstáculos encontrados no projeto arquitetônico original; a ausência de uma interface do dia-a-dia de profissionais da educação e arquitetos; a importância do envolvimento da comunidade nos projetos do CEI; a presença dos diferentes saberes docentes (TARDIF) nas decisões que são tomadas pelo grupo de professoras; o impacto direto que a formação continuada em serviço pode ter na alteração dos espaços do CEI enquanto lugar pedagógico e a importância de envolver a criança em todas as etapas do planejamento dos espaços físicos em uma Pedagogia-em-Participação (OLIVEIRA-FORMOSINHO). / The present work has as object of study the process of transformation of one of the external spaces of a Center of Early Childhood Education (CEI), of the municipality of São Paulo the park. The research had as objective to analyze how the participation of different subjects influenced in the transformation of the park of a CEI having as perspective the idea of pedagogical place, using the concept of place based by Frago and pedagogical place by Faria. The methodology used was a Stake study of case, followed by the daily workday of the individuals present at the CEI, during six months, and as data sources were considered: Political Pedagogical Project of 2015; Special Action Project (PEA) 2015 records; architectural plan of the ground floor and upper floor and other documents referring to the maintenance of the building and external areas of the CEI; researcher\'s field diary; photographic records; transcription of PEA meetings, the Schools Council and interviews with teachers, pedagogical coordinator, pedagogical director and families. The analysis of the produced data was made mainly under the light of the concepts of school space and school culture brought by Frago and Escolano. The developed research has brought important evidence about the participation of the subjects in the construction of their places, for example: how professionals of the CEI and children create solutions to overcome the obstacles found in the original architectural project; the absence of a day-to-day interface of education professionals and architects; the importance of community involvement in CEI projects; the presence of different teachers\' knowledge (TARDIF) in the decisions that are made by the group of teachers; the direct impact that continuing in-service training can have on changing CEI spaces as a pedagogical place and the importance of involving the child in all stages of the planning of physical spaces in a Pedagogy-in-Participation (OLIVEIRAFORMOSINHO).

One of the fundamental needs of elementary school children is to develop their motor systems by means of physical activities adequately suited to their representative age groups. In so doing, opportunities are provided for sociological and psychological requirements essential in developing a healthy, confident individual capable and willing to accept social and family obligations and responsibilities. This infers that an essential function of the school is to provide appropriate areas, facilities, and equipment for such activities. It also suggests that the playground be an integral element of a modern school.

Vi lever i ett samhälle där det förekommer mycket stress. Barn upplever en ökad stress som kan vara relaterad till minskad fysisk aktivitet på grund av att allt mer av deras fritid ägnas åt tevetittande och dataspel. Detta gör att en dålig vana växer även bland de små barnen, som hellre vill sitta stilla än röra på sig. Utgångspunkten är vikten av att redan i förskolan skapa en önskan hos barnen att komma ut i utomhusmiljö och att de ska tycka att det är roligt och spännande att vara ute. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram förskolepedagogers yrkesroll för sitt pedagogiska arbete på förskolegården. De tre forskningsfrågorna som besvaras är (1) Hur resonerar förskolepedagoger kring det pedagogiska arbetet med barns utelek på förskolegården? (2) Hur resonerar de kring utformningen av förskolegården i relation till det pedagogiska arbetet med barnens utelek? och (3) Hur resonerar de kring delaktighet vad gäller att utforma förskolans utegård? Studien har som utgångspunkt följande begrepp; utelek, förskolegårdens utformning och pedagogiskt arbete. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med pedagoger. Resultatet visade att förskolegårdarna i studien uppfyller barns "naturliga" behov som att träna sin kropp genom att springa, hoppa, leka samt samarbeta både i självbestämda och styrda aktiviteter. Pedagogernas intresse för utemiljöns utformning spelar stor roll för barns lek och utveckling. Studien bidrar till en inblick i vad utemiljöns utmaningar består i och hur dess utformning påverkar barns utelek och utveckling. / We live in a society where there is a lot of stress. Children experience on increasing level of stress that can be related to decreasing physical activity and to the fact that they spend more and more of their free time playing computer games or watching the television. This creates a bad habit among the young children, who rather sit down than move around. I assume it is important that the pre-school create such a habit for the children that they want to get outdoors and that outdoor play it is fun and exciting. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the pre-school teachers’ professional role for their pedagogical work in the pre-school playground. The three research questions answered are: (1) How do pre-school teachers’ reason about the educational work regarding children’s outdoor play in the pre-school playground? (2) How are pre-school teachers involved in the design of the pre-school playground in relation to the educational work with the children? And (3) what do they express related to their own participation in the design of the outdoor pre-school playground? The study sets out from the following concepts, children’s play, pre-school playground, outdoor activity and pedagogical work. The study is qualitative and based on interviews with pre-school teachers. The result showed that the pre-school playgrounds in this study, meet the children´s "natural" needs, where they can use their bodies in a natural way as, by running, jumping, playing and to cooperate, both in self-determined or controlled activities. Pre-school teachers’ interest in the outdoor environment design has contributed a great deal to children’s play and development. The study contributes to an insight into what the outdoor environment is about and how its design affects children's outdoor play and development.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes special report study entitled: Public routes and spatial design. Includes bibliographical references.

Bakgrund Idag spenderar barn mycket tid inomhus eller på schemalagda aktiviteter. I och med barns rättighet till ett hälsosamt liv har förskolan i uppgift att se till att barn får vara ute och där också få en positiv upplevelse av utomhusmiljön så att barnen som vuxna får en bra relation till naturen. Teori Studien utgår från teorier som åskådliggör positiva effekter av utomhusvistelse för barn. Lek i utomhusmiljö bidrar i hög grad till att utveckla motoriska och kognitiva färdigheter och väderväxlingar berikar barnens stimulans av olika sinnen. Teorier visar även att vatten är en stor källa till inspiration och experimentslust. Syfte Syftet är att undersöka hur tre förskolor i Stockholm använder sin förskolegård i nederbörd samt att studera hur redskap på gården är utformade för att kunna användas i nederbörd på hösten. Meningen är att studien ska ge inspiration till andra förskolor att se möjligheter i dagar med nederbörd. Metod Arbetet utgår från observationer på förskolor samt kvalitativa interjuver med en pedagog från varje förskola. Resultat Resultatet visar att redskap finns på alla gårdar men att de överlag inte är utformade speciellt för lek i nederbörd. Redskapen används alltid tillsammans med lösa föremål. Lösa föremål för att hälla och transportera används speciellt i lek med vatten, medan naturföremål används i rollekar under nederbörd. Pedagogernas förhållningssätt till utevistelse och barns lek påverkar hur och med vad barn leker. Ibland ordnas aktiviteter för barnen då det regnar eller snöar, men det anses vara lättare på sommarhalvåret då kombinationen väta och kyla på hösten bidrar till att barnen blir kalla och måste gå in. Terrängen ses inte som hinder vid nederbörd och avskilda platser används ofta av barnen för återhämtning. Markens möjlighet till vattenpölar uppskattas mycket av barnen. / Background Today, children spend much time indoors or on scheduled activities. On account of a child’s right to a healthy life the preschool is assigned to make sure that the children are allowed to be outdoors and to receive a positive experience of the outside environment, thus leading to a good relationship with nature as adults. Theoretical perspectives The study is based on theories that illustrate the positive effects children receive from being outdoors. Playing outdoors contributes greatly to a child’s physical development and the changes in weather enrich a child’s senses. Theories also show that water is a great source of inspiration. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how three preschools in  Stockholm use their playground and the equipment on it during wet weather in autumn. This study is supposed to inspire other preschools to discover the possibilities that wet weather offer. Methodology The study is based on observations and qualitative interviews with one  pedagogue from each participating preschool. Conclusion The study show that there are playground equipments on all playgrounds but that they generally are not specifically designed to be used during wet weather. The playground equipment is always used in conjunction with toys. The approach to play and to the outdoors by the pedagogue, affects with what the children play. On occasion, the preschools arrange activities during wet weather but it’s considered easier during the summer semester. The terrain is not considered as an obstacle during wet weather and secluded locations are often used by the children for recreation. The possibilities for puddles in the uneven terrain are very appreciated by the children.

Šiauliai City Dainai Park. A playground for children “Mažylis” (a little child) A playground for children “Koriukas” (a little honeycomb) An athletic field A recreation zone “Sala” (an island) A recreation zone - fountain “Žiedas” (a ring).

This practicum investigates the role of landscape architects in identifying and understanding the development of place identity in children with application to schoolyard design, specifically in Lorette, Manitoba. Through a review of literature, design principles were developed to reflect place identity, as well as enable outdoor learning experiences, cognitive development, and provide long-term community investment in the success of the project. These principles were used to direct a series of case studies, which helped inform design features in the conceptual design section of this practicum. Community engagement became integral to the design process, where students, staff and community members were invited to participate and share their opinions about Lorette, the current schoolyard and suggestions for the future schoolyard. The conceptual design integrates elements representative of local culture and history, all the while emphasizing connecting children to naturalized outdoor spaces, bringing learning outdoors and providing children with places to play.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes special report study entitled : Public routes and spatial design. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Orientador: Arilda Inês Miranda Ribeiro / Banca: Magda Carmelita Sarat Oliveira / Banca: Ana Maria Martins da Costa Santos / Resumo: O presente estudo vinculado à linha de pesquisa "Processos Formativos, Diferença e Valores", do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP (FCT- UNESP), Campus de Presidente Prudente, buscou compreender/refletir, através de análise bibliográfica, sobre a construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero das crianças no recreio escolar das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho se apoia, entre outros, nos estudos teóricos pós-estruturalistas de Guacira Lopes Louro e Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, na compreensão de que as construções das polaridades sexuais (heterossexual / homossexual) e de gênero (masculino / feminino) precisam ser problematizadas e desconstruídas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico em que foi utilizada literatura acadêmica para a problematização do tema. O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que alguns modos de agir, de brincar e de ocupar espaços, entre as crianças, no recreio escolar, estão ligados à construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero. Pude refletir, a partir das leituras, como essas diferenças são engendradas nas crianças de formas variadas, podendo ser verificadas nas brincadeiras que sinalizam modos de brincar apropriados para meninos e para meninas. Brincadeiras como pique-pega, amarelinha e elástico, entre outras, foram identificadas como brincadeiras de meninas e de meninos, ou ora de meninas, ora de meninos, sofrendo variações de acordo com o local investigado. O futebol e a brincadeira de boneca foram as atividades lúdicas que se destacaram como as práticas mais representativas dessa diferenciação, associadas à heterossexualidade. Revelando o quanto nossas práticas sociais estão marcadas pela ideia de que as diferenças anatomosexuais definem naturalmente características e formas de agir para cada sexo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study linked to the research line "formative process, diversity and values," the program of Graduate Education, Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP (FCT-UNESP), Campus of Presidente Prudente, sought to understand / think through literature review on the construction of sexual identities and gender of children in the playground of the lower grades of elementary school. The work is based, among others, in studies of post-structuralist theorists Guacira Lopes Louro and Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, on the understanding that the construction of polarities sex (heterosexual / homosexual) and gender (male / female) need to be debated and deconstructed. This is a qualitative survey of bibliographical in academic literature that was used for the theme problem. The study assumed that some ways of acting, to play and occupy spaces between children in the playground, are linked to the construction of sexual identities and gender. I could reflect, from the readings, as these differences are engendered in children in different ways and can be verified in the jokes that signal appropriate modes of play for boys and for girls. Jokes like pike-handle, hopscotch and elastic, among others, were identified as playing girls and boys, and sometimes girls, sometimes boys, suffering variations according to the investigated area. The football and playing with dolls were playing activities that stood out as the most representative of this differentiation practices associated with heterosexuality. Showing how our social practices are marked by the idea that differences anatomosexuais defining characteristics and course of action for each sex. The sensualization expressed in the body of the girls, observed in some studies in dance or aesthetic significance among children indicated how they construct their gender identities from social values attributed to the beauty of the woman linked to eroticism... (Complete abstract click access electronic below) / Mestre

This research studied children’s educational outdoor environments in order to understand which contexts and environmental characteristics support children’s creativity in play. Creativity is an important factor in children’s cognitive development; children’s creativity can flourish in outdoor environments as they can engage in free play. Accordingly, this research had two central aims: Aim 1: To classify and assess children’s levels of creativity during play. Aim 2: To develop design principles for educational outdoor environments in order to nurture children's creativity in play. Initially, behaviour observation and the Leuven Wellbeing and Involvement Scale were used to collect data for a pilot study. Children’s play behaviours were observed and analysed, and based on the Evaluation of Potential for Creativity, the Creative Play Taxonomy was designed in relation to the first aim of the study. Then, at two study sites, experimental research was designed. At both study sites, children were observed in four different play contexts. At Study Site One, duration recording was used and the videorecorder observations were coded with the Creative Play Taxonomy using the software The Observer from Noldus. At Study Site Two, narrative recording was used in the observation sessions and focus group discussions were held with the children. The findings from both study sites achieved the second aim of this study. The current research makes two main contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it introduces the Creative Play Taxonomy, which can be used by researchers, psychologists, educationalists and related disciplines to understand, categorise and assess children’s creativity in play. Secondly, it increases the understanding of the particular play contexts that support children’s creativity in play, and the environmental characteristics that enhance these types of play. Accordingly, this research suggests that: - Outdoor play spaces should include a variety of different play contexts to encourage creative play amongst different groups of children. - The most effective play contexts for children’s creativity are those facilitated with flexible, changeable, mouldable, movable, multi-functional and open-ended play materials. - Children’s outdoor play spaces should be facilitated with loose parts, both natural and synthetic, as they are highly supportive of children’s creativity. - Natural outdoor environments and elements highly encourage creative play behaviours amongst children. The findings are intended to guide landscape architects and playground design professionals to produce informed design decisions based on the framework of creativity, in order to nurture children's creative thinking abilities.