Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1929. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Marilia de Moraes Castro, Kikyo Yamamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_AnaCristinaAndradedeAguiar_D.pdf: 108033344 bytes, checksum: b2cd23adb70fa12713b032476a15fbe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este estudo tem como principal objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento morfológico de cinco espécies de Polygala L., das quais três ocorrem em restinga ( P. cyparissias A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. laureola A.St.-Hil. & Moq. e P. paniculata L.) e duas em cerrado ( P. angulata L. e P. violacea Aubl. Emend Marques) no estado de São Paulo. Os principais pontos abordados na tese são a caracterização de estruturas secretoras e a elaboração de um inventário de caracteres morfológicos do eixo vegetativo. Destaca-se entre os resultados obtidos: a verificação de que as glândulas presentes no caule de P. laureola tratam-se de nectários extranupciais de origem estipular ocupando posição nodal. Além disso, foi possível constatar que as glândulas da inflorescência de P. laureola também são nectários extranupciais. Já em P. angulata, ductos secretores são observados no caule . Tais estruturas estão sendo identificadas como sítios de síntese de compostos hidrossolúveis - mucilagem. No inventário morfológico realizado nas cinco espécies de Polygala, foi evidenciado que a estrutura primária do caule se apresenta distintiva, enquanto que a estrutura secundária do caule e da raiz se apresenta conservativa. No estudo anatômico foliar, dois padrões estruturais são observados nas espécies estudadas de restinga e de cerrado; P. laureola, P. paniculata e P. violacea possuem características mesomórficas, P. cyparissias e P. angulata apresentam características xeromórficas. / Abstract: The purpose of this study is to contribute to the morphological knowledge of five species of Polygala L., three of which occur in the restinga ( P. cyparissias A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. laureola A.St.-Hil. & Moq. and P. Paniculata L.) and the other two occur in the cerrado vegetation ( P. angulata L. and P. violacea Aubl. emend Marques) of São Paulo state, Brazil. The main points of this research are the characterization of the secretory structures and the survey of morphological features of the vegetative axis of these five species. Among the data obtained, it should be highlighted that the vegetative glands of P. laureola are stipular, extranuptial nectaries occupying a nodal position and that their inflorescence glands are also extranuptial nectaries. Secretory ducts observed in the stem of P. angulata are identified as sites of biosynthesis and secretion of mucilage. The morphological survey of the five Polygala species reveal that the primary stem structure is distinctive, whereas the secondary structure of the stem and the root is conservative. The leaf anatomy of these species shows two structural patterns occurring in the restinga and the cerrado vegetation: P. laureola, P paniculata and P. Violacea have mesomorphic characters and P. cyparissias and P. angulata have xeromorphic features. / Doutorado / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

No description available.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T05:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 290986.pdf: 855012 bytes, checksum: 2ee1df4bc2480dab430d7c1075fb6ff2 (MD5)

Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-08-13T17:46:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2650973 bytes, checksum: 095b915c3c693f319fe4151f3ac2a950 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T17:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2650973 bytes, checksum: 095b915c3c693f319fe4151f3ac2a950 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de MInas Gerais / Polygala paniculata is a medicinal species, whose root extract is used in the treatment of dislocations, trauma and ophidian accidents, therapeutic properties corroborated by science. The medicinal characteristic of plants is usually related to the presence of secretory structures specialized in the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of compounds with therapeutic activity. There are reports of trichomes, cavities and secretory cells of essential oils in P. paniculata. However, little is known about the development, chemical composition and secretory process of these structures. Species with medicinal value have been the target of different biotechnological techniques such as in vitro cultivation, with a view to maximizing the production of bioactive compounds. Species respond in different ways to the manipulation of in vitro conditions, such as light quality, gelling agents and sucrose concentration, which can result in changes in the quality of the plants and, consequently, the secretion produced. Thus, the present study aimed to (1) identify and analyze the development and secretory sites of essential oils; (2) to investigate the subcellular aspects and mechanisms of synthesis, accumulation and release of secretion; (3) Compare the ultrastructural aspects between the identified secretory sites and (4) to evaluate the effects of manipulation of in vitro conditions (light quality, gelling agents and sucrose concentration) on the leaf anatomy of P. paniculata. Polygala paniculata presents three secretory sites of essential oils: trichomes in leaves and stems, cavities in leaves and cortical cells in roots. The development of trichomes and cavities involves the process of programmed cell death. Trichomes, cavities and cortical root cells have the secretion composed of essential oils. The subcellular characteristics of the secretory structures studied are similar and are related to the chemical nature of the secretion. In the in vitro culture, the factors evaluated altered the leaf morphoanatomy of P. paniculata. Fluorescent lamp treatments induced the development of seedlings and the anatomical differentiation similar to that observed in ex situ plants. Treatments with sucrose concentration of 30 g L -1 in agar in 15 gL -1 in Phytagel induced increase in leaf thickness by increasing the cell volume of epidermal cells, lacunar parenchyma and reduction of intercellular spaces. The present study elucidated the structural and viiimechanism of the secretion of essential oils in P. paniculata. The effect of the in vitro conditions on the growth and foliar anatomy of the species can appreciate and subsist to improve in protocols of in vitro cultivation of the species. / Polygala paniculata is a medicinal species, whose root extract is used in the treatment of dislocations, trauma and ophidian accidents, therapeutic properties corroborated by science. The medicinal characteristic of plants is usually related to the presence of secretory structures specialized in the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of compounds with therapeutic activity. There are reports of trichomes, cavities and secretory cells of essential oils in P. paniculata. However, little is known about the development, chemical composition and secretory process of these structures. Species with medicinal value have been the target of different biotechnological techniques such as in vitro cultivation, with a view to maximizing the production of bioactive compounds. Species respond in different ways to the manipulation of in vitro conditions, such as light quality, gelling agents and sucrose concentration, which can result in changes in the quality of the plants and, consequently, the secretion produced. Thus, the present study aimed to (1) identify and analyze the development and secretory sites of essential oils; (2) to investigate the subcellular aspects and mechanisms of synthesis, accumulation and release of secretion; (3) Compare the ultrastructural aspects between the identified secretory sites and (4) to evaluate the effects of manipulation of in vitro conditions (light quality, gelling agents and sucrose concentration) on the leaf anatomy of P. paniculata. Polygala paniculata presents three secretory sites of essential oils: trichomes in leaves and stems, cavities in leaves and cortical cells in roots. The development of trichomes and cavities involves the process of programmed cell death. Trichomes, cavities and cortical root cells have the secretion composed of essential oils. The subcellular characteristics of the secretory structures studied are similar and are related to the chemical nature of the secretion. In the in vitro culture, the factors evaluated altered the leaf morphoanatomy of P. paniculata. Fluorescent lamp treatments induced the development of seedlings and the anatomical differentiation similar to that observed in ex situ plants. Treatments with sucrose concentration of 30 g L -1 in agar in 15 gL -1 in Phytagel induced increase in leaf thickness by increasing the cell volume of epidermal cells, lacunar parenchyma and reduction of intercellular spaces. The present study elucidated the structural and mechanism of the secretion of essential oils in P. paniculata. The effect of the in vitro conditions on the growth and foliar anatomy of the species can appreciate and subsist to improve in protocols of in vitro cultivation of the species.

Orientador: Kikyo Yamamoto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aguiar_AnaCristinaAndradede_M.pdf: 6446037 bytes, checksum: d0434c5a112880397fdabcdd2e0e9b25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake é um subgênero neotropical do gênero Polygala L. Distribuído desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até o norte da Argentina, com centro de diversidade na região Centro-Sudeste do Brasil, espécies de Hebeclada ocorrem principalmente no domínio do cerrado. Usando caracteres parcialmente distintos para discriminar espécies, Chodat (1893) e Bernardi (2000) publicaram diferentes tratamentos taxonômicos deste subgênero. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar caracteres utilizados nestas revisões e organizar as bases para uma futura revisão formal de Hebeclada. Esta tese está dividida em três capítulos: 1) Ocorrência e distribuição de tricomas glandulares e de cobertura em sépalas externas: análise do valor taxonômico em espécies brasileiras de Polygala, subg. Hebeclada (Polygalaceae). A ocorrência de tricomas glandulares nas sépalas externas constitui subsídios para a delimitação das espécies de circunscrição mais restrita em Hebeclada, sendo re-introduzido na taxonomia do grupo. 2) Palinotaxonomia de espécies brasileiras de Polygala, subg. Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake. Os estudos polínicos evidenciaram que as espécies sensu Chodat se mostraram homogêneas quanto aos caracteres analisados enquanto que as sensu Bernardi se mostraram heterogêneas. 3) Taxonomia das espécies de Polygala, subg. Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake (Polygalaceae) ocorrentes no Brasil. De um total de 25 espécies sensu Chodat e 6 espécies sensu Bernardi ocorrentes no Brasil, foram aceitas 12 espécies e sete variedades para o território brasileiro. São apresentadas uma chave analítica para a identificação das espécies, além de descrições acompanhadas de ilustrações e dados sobre a floração e frutificação, habitat e distribuição geográfica. De maneira geral, o tratamento de Chodat (1893) se mostrou mais consistente que o de Bernardi (2000) / Abstract: Polygala L. subg. Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake is an exclusively neotropical subgenus distributed from the southern United States to north Argentina, with a center of diversity in central-southeast Brazil occurring mainly in 'cerrado¿ vegetation. Using partly different characters to discriminate the species of the subgenus, Chodat (1893) and Bernardi (2000) published considerably different taxonomic treatments. Thus, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the characters used in these revisions as a basis for a future formal revision of subg. Hebeclada. The present thesis is divided into three chapters: 1) Occurrence and distribution of glandular and eglandular trichomas on the outer sepals: Analysis of the taxonomic value in Brazilian species of Polygala subg. Hebeclada (Polygalaceae). The occurrence of glandular trichomes on the outer sepals provided data for the delimitation of some closely related species in Hebeclada. These species were accepted by Chodat (1893) but not by Bernardi (2000) and are accepted by us in the present treatment. 2) Palynotaxonomy of Brazilian species of Polygala subg. Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake. The present study demonstrated that the species as accepted by Chodat are palynologically homogenous in contrast to the species in the wider circumscription as accepted by Bernardi. 3) Taxonomy of Polygala subg. Hebeclada (Chodat) Blake from Brazil. Of the 25 species accepted by Chodat and 6 accepted by Bernardi we accept 12 species and 7 varieties for Brazil. Identification keys for the species and varieties are presented, as well as descriptions accompanied by illustrations and data about flowering and fruiting time, habitats and geographical distribution. In general, the treatment of Chodat (1893) was found to be more consistent than the one by Bernardi (2000) / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T17:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 256023.pdf: 4828908 bytes, checksum: 8abd2462ccab9034acfeda822f3a43d1 (MD5) / No presente estudo, realizou-se uma reinvestigação fitoquímica da espécie Polygala sabulosa para a obtenção dos principais metabólitos secundários, o preparo de moléculas análogas e, paralelamente, a realização de ensaios de atividades biológicas. A análise dos componentes do óleo volátil das raízes mostrou o salicilato de metila como componente majoritário (83,8%), e para as partes aéreas a 6-pentil-4-metoxi-pirona (47,0%) e o salicilato de metila (31,5%) são os principais componentes. A avaliação da atividade antibacteriana do óleo das partes aéreas revelou uma importante ação contra as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ambas com CIM= 0,15 L/mL. Através do fracionamento dos extratos de flores, folhas e caules, seis estirilpironas foram isoladas: DST 1, DST 2, DST 3, STY 4, STY 5 e STY 6. A análise por CG da mistura de estirilpironas revelou a presença de outras duas estirilpironas, a STY [51] e a 4-metóxi-6-(11,12-metilenodióxi-13-metóxi-estiril)-2H-piran-2-ona [52], inédita na espécie. Além disso, a xantona 1,5-diidróxi-2,3-dimetoxixantona [54] foi identificada nesta mistura, sendo um importante resultado do ponto de vista quimiotaxonômico. A avaliação da ação central, o EBH e a FAE promoveram um efeito do tipo ansiolítico, anticonvulsivante e hipno-sedativo, sendo as ações mais evidentes para a FAE. Os experimentos in vitro mostraram que as diidro- e estirilpironas apresentam afinidade pelo sítio BDZ do receptor GABAA. Os estudos preliminares de toxicologia aguda e sub-crônica revelaram que a administração oral da FAE em camundongos mostrou boa tolerabilidade e baixa toxicidade. Os estudos das variações dos teores de estirilpironas revelaram que existem diferenças sazonais no conteúdo, sendo que a DST 1 e STY 4 apresentaram o maior valor médio nas coletas. A escopoletina [8], isolada em pouca quantidade no EBH, foi obtida com sucesso a partir da 6-metóxi-7-preniloxicumarina [7], isolada em grande quantidade na espécie estudada. A partir da escopoletina, obtiveram-se 11 derivados: seis ésteres benzoílicos e cinco ésteres alquílicos. Vinte e duas cumarinas foram obtidas através da reação de von Pechmann e outras sete através da reação de Knoevenagel. A avaliação da atividade citotóxica contra as diferentes células tumorais mostrou bons resultados, destacando-se as cumarinas sintéticas com o clorometileno ligado ao C-4. A atividade antibacteriana das cumarinas foi observada principalmente para os ésteres benzoílicos derivados da escopoletina, sendo mais importante contra a bactéria P. aeruginosa, com uma CIM= 0,43 mol/mL para o p-bromo benzoilato de escopoletina [11]. As cumarinas não apresentaram atividade antifúngica significativa. Extratos e frações de P. sabulosa apresentaram uma atividade antioxidante regular nos ensaios do DPPH e do potencial redutor. A análise dos componentes fenólicos por eletroforese capilar mostrou a presença de três heterosídeos da quercetina.

<p>The decrease in number and area of managed hay-meadows over the last century, in combination with the reduction of traditional management, threatens the biodiversity connected to these habitats. I experimentally examined how management intensity affected meadow characteristics and long-term population viability of three vascular plant species in wooded hay-meadows on the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. I discovered that intensified management (extra raking and/or extra mowing) reduced the amount of litter and biomass, even in well-managed meadows. </p><p>The effects of intensified management on population growth rate varied among species. Deterministic demographic models revealed that intensified management increased population growth rate in <i>Succisa pratensis</i>. Stochastic modelling confirmed this; all meadows displayed larger projected population sizes 50 years into the future with intensified management. <i>Polygala amarella</i> responded with lower growth rates in raked plots, a consequence of the plant’s morphology, which makes it prone to being pulled out by raking. <i>Hypochoeris maculata</i> had population growth rates close to unity, and showed no response to an increase in management. Examination of the life-history characteristics of <i>Polygala amarella</i> showed that the species’ strategy is aimed at reproduction and fast growth, which is in contrast to the other two species, with their success relying on the survival of older plants. The species-specific responses to management show that several species should be considered when evaluating management practices for conservation of semi-natural grasslands. Furthermore, I suggest that data on stage distributions alone may not be sufficient for identifying threatened populations.</p><p>In a study of artificial dispersal between meadows, I found that establishment was twice as successful for planted plug-plants compared to sown seeds. Both methods may be useful for introducing or augmenting meadow populations, depending on access to seed sources and possibilities to nurse plants.</p><p>An electronic coordinate measurement device for gathering location data to be used in demographic studies was developed. In the field, the device proved to be a simple and reliable method for locating individuals in permanent plots.</p>

The decrease in number and area of managed hay-meadows over the last century, in combination with the reduction of traditional management, threatens the biodiversity connected to these habitats. I experimentally examined how management intensity affected meadow characteristics and long-term population viability of three vascular plant species in wooded hay-meadows on the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. I discovered that intensified management (extra raking and/or extra mowing) reduced the amount of litter and biomass, even in well-managed meadows. The effects of intensified management on population growth rate varied among species. Deterministic demographic models revealed that intensified management increased population growth rate in Succisa pratensis. Stochastic modelling confirmed this; all meadows displayed larger projected population sizes 50 years into the future with intensified management. Polygala amarella responded with lower growth rates in raked plots, a consequence of the plant’s morphology, which makes it prone to being pulled out by raking. Hypochoeris maculata had population growth rates close to unity, and showed no response to an increase in management. Examination of the life-history characteristics of Polygala amarella showed that the species’ strategy is aimed at reproduction and fast growth, which is in contrast to the other two species, with their success relying on the survival of older plants. The species-specific responses to management show that several species should be considered when evaluating management practices for conservation of semi-natural grasslands. Furthermore, I suggest that data on stage distributions alone may not be sufficient for identifying threatened populations. In a study of artificial dispersal between meadows, I found that establishment was twice as successful for planted plug-plants compared to sown seeds. Both methods may be useful for introducing or augmenting meadow populations, depending on access to seed sources and possibilities to nurse plants. An electronic coordinate measurement device for gathering location data to be used in demographic studies was developed. In the field, the device proved to be a simple and reliable method for locating individuals in permanent plots.

Atualmente representada por aproximadamente 19 gêneros e cerca de 1300 espécies, Polygalaceae é uma família cosmopolita concentrada em regiões tropicais e temperadas, estando ausente na Nova Zelândia e nas zonas Antártica e Ártica. No território brasileiro, a família está representada pelos gêneros Barnhartia Gleason, Bredemeyera Willd., Diclidanthera Mart., Monnina Ruiz & Pav., Moutabea Aublet, Polygala L. e Securidaca L., somando cerca de 240 espécies. O presente estudo trata da revisão taxonômica da família Polygalaceae na Região Sul do Brasil que inclui os Estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Embora inúmeros trabalhos de revisão taxonômica e trabalhos regionais envolvendo a família Polygalaceae tenham sido realizados em grande parte do território brasileiro durante os últimos 30 anos, a carência de coletas na Região Sul bem como a necessidade de um estudo mais detalhado da família nestes Estados são os principais objetivos que levaram ao desenvolvimento deste estudo. A tese consiste de três capítulos: 1) Revisão taxonômica da família Polygalaceae na Região Sul do Brasil. Foram confirmados quatro gêneros para os Estados sulinos: Bredemeyera, Monnina, Polygala e Securidaca. Houve um predomínio absoluto do gênero Polygala na Região Sul do Brasil, com 40 espécies, sendo seguido por Monnina (nove), Securidaca (três) e finalmente, Bredemeyera com apenas uma espécie. Neste capítulo são apresentados três artigos que tratam dos gêneros de Polygalaceae confirmados para a Região Sul, incluíndo descrições dos táxons, ilustrações, chaves analíticas bem como dados sobre floração e frutificação, hábitat e distribuição geográfica. 2) Novas espécies de Polygala L. para a Região Sul do Brasil. Neste capítulo são apresentados dois artigos de espécies novas de Polygala descritas durante a elaboração da presente tese. 3) Estudo molecular com espécies de Polygala L. da Região Sul do Brasil. O uso de marcadores ISSR auxiliou na delimitação de algumas espécies bem como deu suporte para a descrição de uma nova espécie de Polygala para o Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Neste capítulo é apresentado o artigo intitulado: Use of ISSR to characterize species of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) from Southern Brazil. / Nowadays represented by approximately 19 genera and 1300 species, Polygalaceae is a cosmopolitan family concentrated specially in the tropical and temperate regions, being absent in New Zealand and in the Artic and Antartic zones. In the Brazilian territory, the family is represented by the genera Barnhartia Gleason, Bredemeyera Willd., Diclidanthera Mart., Monnina Ruiz & Pav., Moutabea Aublet, Polygala L. e Securidaca L., totalizing approximately 240 species. The present work treats about the taxonomic survey of the Polygalaceae family in Southern Brazil which includes Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states. Despite several taxonomic revisions and regional floras with Polygalaceae were realized in the Brazilian territory in the last 30 years, the necessity of more collections and the need of a detail study with the family in the Southern Brazil were the objectives who lead to the development of this thesis. The present thesis consists of three chapters: 1) Taxonomic revision of the Polygalaceae in Southern Brazil. Were confirmed four genera for the Southern Brazil: Bredemeyera, Monnina, Polygala e Securidaca. Has being notice a predominance of the genus Polygala in the Southern Brazil, with 40 species, being followed by Monnina (nine species), Securidaca (three species) and finally, Bredemeyera with only one species. In this chapter are presented three articles who treats the genus of Polygalaceae confirmed for the Southern Brazil, including morphological descriptions, illustrations, analytical keys and also data about flowering and fruiting time, habitat and geographical distribution. 2) New species of Polygala L. from Southern Brazil. Two articles about new species of Polygala described during this thesis are being presented in this chapter. 3) Molecular studies with Polygala species from Southern Brazil. The use of ISSR markers was helpful in the delimitation of some species, thus, supported to the description of a new species of Polygala to the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. In this chapter are presented the article entitled: Use of ISSR to characterize species of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) from Southern Brazil.