L’objectif de cette thèse est une analyse géohistorique et géopolitique du système portuaire de Djibouti à l’aune de l’arrivée des capitaux étrangers et leurs impacts politiques, sociaux-économiques dans le développement du pays. Elle privilégie ainsi deux échelles, celle du port (l’évolution des fonctions portuaires) et celle du corridor (Djibouti – Ethiopie). En effet, Djibouti, lieu stratégique depuis l’ouverture du canal de Suez en 1869, connaît un regain d’intérêt depuis les années 2000. L’arrivée des investissements étrangers principalement en provenance des puissances émergentes (Dubai d’abord ensuite de la Chine) a transformé les infrastructures de transport donc du pays. Un regain d’intérêt qui n’est pas uniquement économique puisqu’on assiste également une multiplication des bases militaires (américaine, japonaise, chinoise) qui viennent se grever à l’ancienne base française héritée de la colonisation montre le rôle stratégique de Djibouti dans la surveillance et la sécurisation de la route maritime par les grandes puissances. Ce travail s’inscrit, donc, dans la lignée des recherches sur la relation ports-territoires et de la question des corridors. Cette thèse s’articule donc autour de trois grands axes : les circonstances du développement, d’émergence du port de Djibouti et son rapport particulier au territoire éthiopien. D’où, l’adoption, dans un premier temps, d’une approche géopolitique nécessaire pour comprendre la situation de Djibouti, les circonstances de la fondation de la ville et du territoire, et le rôle du port. Elle analyse ensuite l’évolution et la dépendance des fonctions portuaires de la situation géopolitique face aux différentes crises historiques régionales et mondiale (évolution statutaire de l’Erythrée, fermeture du canal de Suez, conflits régionaux) afin de montrer le lien entre le trafic portuaire (succession des phases de croissance et décroissance) et ces événements. L’évolution du port de Djibouti montre, d’une part, un lien d’interdépendance entre le littoral et son arrière-pays continental, et d’autre part, une dépendance des vicissitudes et des aléas géopolitiques mais également des acteurs extérieurs publics ou privés. Enfin, l’interaction entre le territoire et l’espace traversé fait également l’objet de cette étude en s’attaquant à la dimension territoriale du corridor Djibouti -Ethiopie. De ce fait, elle interroge donc les impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux des activités jalonnant le long de ce corridor mais également leur influence sur la morphologie urbaine de la capitale, à travers l’exemple de la zone péri-urbaine de PK12. / The objective of this thesis is a geohistorical and geopolitical analysis of the Djibouti port system in the light of the foreign capital inflows and their political, social-economic impacts in the country development. In thus it favours two levels, that of the port (the evolution of port functions) and that of the corridor (Djibouti - Ethiopia). Indeed, Djibouti, a strategic location since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, knows a renewed interest since the 2000s. The influx of foreign investments mainly from the emerging powers (Dubai, first of all then China) has transformed the transport infrastructure hence the country. A renewed interest that is not only economic since we witness a proliferation of military bases (American, Japanese, Chinese) that come imposing to the former French base inherited from colonisation shows the strategic role of Djibouti in the monitoring and securing of the maritime route by the major powers.This work is therefore in line with researches on the relationship ports-territories and the question of corridors. This thesis is articulated around three main axes: the circumstances of the development, emergence of the port of Djibouti and its particular relationship to the Ethiopian’s territory. Hence, the adoption, at first, of a geopolitical approach necessary to understand the situation of Djibouti, the circumstances of the founding of the city and the territory, and the role of the port. It analyses then the evolution and the dependence of port functions on the geopolitical situation in the face of various regional and global historical crises (statutory evolution of Eritrea, closure of the Suez Canal, regional conflicts) in order to show the link between port traffic(succession of growth and decay phases) and these events. The evolution of the port of Djibouti shows, on the one hand, a link of interdependence between the coastline and its continental hinterland, and on the other hand, a dependence of vicissitudes and geopolitical hazards but also external public actors or private. Finally, the interaction between the territory and the space traversed is also the subject of this study through the territorial dimension of the Djibouti-Ethiopia corridor. Therefore, it questions then the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the activities along the corridor but also their influence on the urban morphology of the capital, through the example of the peri-urban area of PK12.

Ports are actively pursuing greater operational efficiency to effectively handle the increasing global flow of goods, while striving to improve the energy efficiency of their operations to comply with new environmental regulations. As a result, innovation-leading ports have begun to recognize the potential of digital twins to overview, coordinate and optimize port processes, resulting in energy savings, and reductions of costs and of CO2 emissions. While digital twins have gained momentum in other domains such as smart manufacturing and aerospace, their adoption in ports has been comparatively slow. This can be explained, among other things, by the multi-stakeholder nature of the port and the high complexity of the often interconnected port processes. Thus, this thesis, grounded in the context of ports, discusses what constitutes a digital twin, proposes characteristics to assess the maturity of existing digital twins, and introduces and evaluates mathematical models to support a key port process, which can be used as components of a digital twin for the port. / Hamnar strävar aktivt efter ökad operativ effektivitet för att hantera den ökande globala varuflödet, samtidigt som de strävar efter att förbättra energieffektiviteten. Som ett resultat har ledande hamnar börjat se potentialen hos digitala tvillingar för att skapa överblick samt koordinera och optimera processer i hamnen. Målet med användningen av digitala tvillingar är energibesparingar samt minskning av kostnader och CO2-utsläpp. Medan digitala tvillingar har använts inom andra områden såsom tillverknings-, flyg- och rymdindustrin, har införandet i hamnar varit jämförelsevist långsamt. Detta kan förklaras, bland annat, av hamnens många olika involverade aktörer och den höga komplexiteten i de ofta sammanlänkade hamnprocesserna. Därför fokuserar denna avhandling, med utgångspunkt i hamnkontexten, vad som utgör en digital tvilling, presenterar egenskaper för olika mognadsnivåer hos befintliga digitala tvillingar, och introducerar samt utvärderar matematiska modeller som kan bli delkomponenter i en digital tvilling för hamnen.

Ce projet de recherche a pour objectif d'évaluer le potentiel des capteurs acoustiques sousmarins, tout particulièrement la caméra DIDSON, dans l'inspection des infrastructures portuaires et ceci à travers la conception et le développement d'une méthode permettant la détection et la caractérisation des défauts sur les infrastructures portuaires à partir d'images acoustiques. L'approche mise en oeuvre s'articule autour de deux principaux axes: le premier est dédié à l'amélioration et au dé-bruitage des images; le second concerne la caractérisation et l'extraction des éléments représentant potentiellement des défauts sur les infrastructures portuaires. L'amélioration de la qualité des images s'est appuyée sur les caractéristiques d'acquisition de la caméra DIDSON. La détection et la caractérisation des défauts ont été effectuées selon une approche de segmentation des images et une analyse en composantes connexes. Les premières évaluations des résultats démontrent le potentiel de l'approche pour l'exploitation des données acoustiques dans l'inspection des installations portuaires.

Many smaller ports in Cornwall and Devon (CAD) are situated in environmentally sensitive habitats and generate benefits for stakeholders and local communities. Such ports are often embedded in tourist based economies. Increasing environmental legislation is placing a strain on the resources of smaller ports making compliance a threat to profitability and thus the future of some ports and local economies. Over-reliance on environmental management systems (EMS) across the ports industry has predominated over the importance of holistic sustainability. This project develops and disseminates a port sustainability management system (PSMS) in CAD, assisting ports to plan marine and maritime operations more sustainably, to facilitate mitigation of potential risks, to increase knowledge and awareness of port sustainability, and to promote the adoption of a proactive stance towards sustainable port management. A constructivist philosophy suited a multiple methods research design which included ethnographic content analysis (ECA), statistical verification of qualitative coding, nine scoping interviews, and eight semi-structured interviews during the main phase of data collection. The seven Harbour Masters (HMs) in this phase represented all port governance types found in the UK. Charmaz’s grounded theory (GT) methodology guided the collection and analysis of primary data between August 2012 and February 2013 to create new theory using an inductive constructivist approach. Validation by fifteen of the thirty local HMs during industry testing revealed numerous advantages and benefits of deploying PSMS which is estimated to generate £50,000 worth of benefits per port annually, and £3,865,005 for the 15 participating ports over 5 years. A new model of smaller port sustainability has emerged. PSMS has eleven pillars of sustainability which underpin the spectrum of port operations. Within this model, each pillar is equally important in contributing to the overall sustainability of a port, and neglect of one could jeopardise sustainability overall and potentially cause a chain reaction with other pillars.

Le projet urbain, par la démarche souple et transversale qu'il produit, est emblématique des concepts urbanistiques contemporains. Cette approche peut-elle opérer une reconnexion entre villes, ports et fleuves? A contrario, pourrait-elle renforcer cette déconnexion en cours, dans un contexte où les logiques de marché urbain sont plus favorables aux sphères d'économie résidentielle qu'à la sphère productive? Cette question se pose d'autant plus que ces espaces sont à l'intersection d'enjeux majeurs: la densification urbaine dans un contexte de lutte contre l'étalement urbain; le redéploiement du fret fluvial, alternative durable au réseau routier; et l'amélioration de la gestion de l'eau. En se basant sur les cas de Lille et Bruxelles, ce travail de recherche se base sur les facettes matérielle, organisationnelle et existentielle de ces territoires, abordées à différents échelons géographiques. Cette analyse montre que, dans son processus, le projet initie un nouveau dialogue ville-port, par de nouvelles formes de coopération horizontale. Par contre, dans sa matérialisation, il reproduit les coupures fonctionnalistes de l'ère industrielle, causées par les conditions externes et internes à son cadre de conception. Se distinguant de l'environnement conflictuel des sphères de conception et de décision, les pratiques révèlent le rôle de régulation de ces interfaces entre ville et port : des espaces de "quiétude", dans des environnements denses et enclavés. Finalement, les conditions d'une reconnexion sont proposées : l'évolution des formes de gouvernance ville-port, les nouvelles formes d'aménagement, et les processus de projet, comme rouage central au cœur de ces mutations.

Sound generation and propagation in circular ducts for frequencies beyond the cut-on frequencies of several higher order acoustic modes is investigated. To achieve this, experimental and numerical set-ups are designed and used to research aeroacoustic interactions between in-duct components and to conceive noise mitigation strategies. Describing in-duct sound for frequencies with a moderate number of propagating modes is important, for example, for improving the noise emission from mid-size ventilation systems. Challenges that are largely unacknowledged in the literature involve efficient test rig design, quantification of limits in the methods, numerical modelling, and development of effective noise mitigation strategies for higher order modes. In this thesis, in-duct sound is mapped on a set of propagating pressure eigenmodes to describe aeroacoustic components as multi-ports with sound scattering (passive properties) and a source strength (active properties). The presented analysis includes genetic algorithms and Monte Carlo Methods for test rig enhancement and evaluation, multi-port network predictions to identify model limitations, and scale resolving (IDDES) and Linearized Navier Stokes computations for numerical multi-port eduction and the silencer design. It is first shown that test rig optimization improves the quality of multi-port data significantly. Subsequently, measurements on orifice plates are used to test the network prediction model. The model works with high accuracy for two components that are sufficiently separated. For small separations, strong coupling effects are observed for the source strength but not for the scattering of sound. The measurements are used for numerical validation, which gives reliable results for coupled and uncoupled systems. The total acoustic power of tandem orifices is predicted with less than 2 dB deviation and the passive properties for most frequencies with less than 5 % difference from the measurement. The numerical (FEM) models are also used to design a completely integrated silencer for spinning modes that is based on micro-perforated plates and gives broadband attenuation of 3-6 dB per duct diameter silencer length. The multi-port method is a powerful tool when describing aerodynamically decoupled in-duct components in the low- to mid-frequency range. Due to a robust passive network prediction, multi-port methods are particular interesting for the design of silencer stages. Furthermore, the demonstrated applicability to numerical data opens novel application areas. / <p>QC 20170522</p> / IdealVent

This paper deals with roman fortifications in Egypt. The main emphasis is laid on roman fortresses on forts. Their descriptions are included in the first part of the paper. Another fortification's elements, history of roman province and mentions of forts in ancient writings, which put the forts in geographical and historical context, are described more shortly. The paper includes a brief part about roman navy too. In the second part of the paper the author tries to point out the functions of forts, development of fortification system, the architectural similarities between forts in Egypt and to find architectural parallels in other parts of Roman Empire.

As embarcações projetadas na atualidade possuem dimensões muito superiores às empregadas no passado recente do transporte marítimo, tanto para os navios de carga, quanto para os navios de cruzeiro. Esta realidade tem suas vantagens, permitindo o transporte de maior volume de cargas e passageiros, reduzindo os custos agregados às mercadorias e pessoas transportadas, mas, em contrapartida, traz desvantagens, pois essas embarcações possuem maior área exposta às ações ambientais, como ventos e correntes. Além disso, existe a demanda de amplos espaços náuticos, particularmente lâminas d\'água, e auxílio de rebocadores para acesso e atracação destas embarcações. Para reduzir os custos com as operações de dragagem, mais terminais portuários são construídos em áreas expostas a condições ambientais mais severas. Todas estas condições implicam diretamente no comportamento das embarcações atracadas, pois estas poderão estar sujeitas a movimentos de grande amplitude, suscetíveis de reduzir a eficiência e a segurança com que as operações de movimentação de carga são realizadas, podendo obrigar a sua interrupção e, nos casos mais críticos, provocar a ruptura das linhas de amarração e/ou danos nas defensas, podendo causar danos na estrutura de acostagem e na própria embarcação eventualmente, ocasionando vítimas. Levando em conta todos estes fatores, existem métodos pelos quais é possível o desenvolvimento de planos de amarração para conter os movimentos da embarcação durante a movimentação da carga e passageiros, buscando sempre obter o máximo de segurança nas operações no cais. Ainda para a verificação da eficácia e otimização dos planos de amarração, antes da sua implantação no terminal, existem métodos de análise, em que é possível estimar as forças exercidas nos cabos das linhas de amarração. Desta forma, este trabalho propôs-se a realizar uma pesquisa comparativa do emprego dos métodos analítico e de modelagem física. Assim, obteve-se uma avaliação crítica quanto à estimativa de esforços nos cabos das linhas de amarração de embarcações atracadas sob a ação de correntes. / Currently designed vessels have dimensions much higher than those used in the recent past of shipping, both for cargo ships and for cruise ships. This reality has its advantages, allowing the transportation of a larger volume of cargo and passengers, reducing the aggregate costs to the goods and people transported, but, on the other hand, it has disadvantages, since these vessels have greater area exposed to environmental actions, such as winds and currents. In addition, there is a demand for large nautical spaces, particularly water slides, and assistance of tugs for access and mooring of these vessels. To reduce costs with dredging operations, more port terminals are built in areas exposed to more severe environmental conditions. All these conditions directly imply the behavior of moored vessels, as these may be subject to large-scale movements, which may reduce the efficiency and safety with which the cargo handling operations are carried out, and may cause them to be interrupted and in the worst-case scenario,, damage the fenders and the berthing structure the vessel itself possibly causing casualties. Taking into account all these factors, there are methods by which it is possible to develop mooring plans to contain the movements of the vessel during the movement of the cargo and passengers, always seeking to obtain maximum safety on the dockside operations. In order to verify the efficacy and optimization of the mooring plans, prior to their implementation in the terminal, there are methods of analysis, in which it is possible to estimate the forces exerted on the ropes of the mooring lines. In this way, this work proposes to carry out a comparative research of the use of analytical and physical modeling methods. Thus, a critical evaluation was obtained regarding the estimation of efforts in the cables of the mooring lines of vessels moored under the action of currents.

Parent-infant psychotherapy is a small but growing field in South Africa. Its potential to contribute to mental health services in South Africa is, by contrast, vast. This thesis contributes towards much-needed research on the state of the field in the country and its potential applications across different sectors. Drawing on Daniel Stern’s concept of ports of entry, it is argued that an expansion of ports of entry offers an important integrating tool through which different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy can be examined and adapted to the South African context. A history of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa is offered, together with an analysis of the experiences of current practitioners in the field. These aspects of the thesis draw on interviews with key stakeholders. The dominant context of private practice is then explored through two case study based papers. The first explores the meaning of symptoms in parent-infant psychotherapy. The second introduces the ‘grandmaternal transference’ as an important but under developed port of entry. These different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa are then considered through the prism of ports of entry in order to argue for a flexing of the psychoanalytic frame. Implications for the growth of the parent-infant psychotherapy field in South Africa are considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlon de Freitas Bezerra.pdf: 7340215 bytes, checksum: bbf6d61a3bb55dbd62475efb4a83763b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-22 / As a starting point and main motivation the strong growth of the Brazilian international trade and the resumption of public and private investment in economic infrastructure. These factors lead us to the conclusion that the Brazilian port sector is fundamentally strategic and has undergone profound changes in their structures, given the need for modernization in the context of the new global economic reality imposed by globalization. The focus of this study focuses on recent economic developments in ports and in more detail in its laws and regulations, in order to identify potential obstacles that present themselves for investments. Therefore, addressed the current configuration of the institutional framework of the Brazilian port system, which gave the repeal of Law 8,630 / 93 (Ports Law) by the Provisional Measure No. 595 ("MP 595"), 06 December 2012, converted into so-called "new law of ports", law No. 12,815 - new regulatory framework for the sector, June 5, 2013, analyzing the main changes and consequences to public and private investment. Following it holds the effective characterization of each of the 32 ports involved with Brazil's foreign trade in 2012, generating the port ranking across six economic variables used to characterize and rank Brazilian ports are: 1. Porte; 2. Influence Area (Hinterland); 3. Participation in International Trade; 4. Products Busiest by Economic Sectors; 5. Field National Work, Regional or Local; 6. Value-added of Eastern Busiest producer. Thus, it was possible to capture more properly the weight that each economic variable has for each port individually, and its relevance to the national port ranking as a whole / Como ponto de partida e motivação principal o forte crescimento do comércio internacional brasileiro e a retomada de investimentos públicos e privados na infraestrutura econômica. Estes fatores nos levam à constatação de que o setor portuário brasileiro é fundamentalmente estratégico e tem passado por profundas alterações em suas estruturas, dada a necessidade de sua modernização no contexto da nova realidade econômica mundial imposta pela mundialização. O foco do presente estudo centra-se na evolução econômica recente dos portos e, mais detalhadamente, na sua legislação e regulamentação, de modo a identificar potenciais entraves que se apresentam para os investimentos. Para tanto, abordou-se a configuração atual do quadro institucional do sistema portuário brasileiro, que se deu com a revogação da Lei 8.630/93 (Lei dos Portos) por meio da Medida Provisória N° 595 ( MP 595 ), de 06 de dezembro de 2012, posteriormente convertida na chamada nova lei dos portos , lei N° 12.815 - novo marco regulatório do setor, de 05 de junho de 2013, analisando suas principais alterações e consequências ao investimento público e privado. Na sequência, realiza-se a efetiva caracterização de cada um dos 32 portos envolvidos com o comércio externo do Brasil no ano de 2012, gerando o ranking portuário através de seis variáveis econômicas utilizadas para caracterizar e elencar os portos brasileiros são: 1. Porte; 2. Área de Influência (Hinterlândia); 3. Participação no Comércio Internacional; 4. Produtos Movimentados por Setores Econômicos; 5. Campo de Atuação Nacional, Regional ou Local; 6. Valor Agregado Médio dos Produtos Movimentados. Assim, foi possível captar com mais propriedade o peso que cada variável econômica possui em relação a cada porto, individualmente, e sua relevância para o ranking portuário nacional como um todo