Submitted by Ewerton Chaves John (ewertonjohn@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T23:45:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado MPAgro 2018 - Ewerton Chaves John.pdf: 2553495 bytes, checksum: 4dbd57dd0a3c6adb27bdaaede0d9f5ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-05-04T23:00:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado MPAgro 2018 - Ewerton Chaves John.pdf: 2553495 bytes, checksum: 4dbd57dd0a3c6adb27bdaaede0d9f5ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-07T13:20:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado MPAgro 2018 - Ewerton Chaves John.pdf: 2553495 bytes, checksum: 4dbd57dd0a3c6adb27bdaaede0d9f5ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T13:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado MPAgro 2018 - Ewerton Chaves John.pdf: 2553495 bytes, checksum: 4dbd57dd0a3c6adb27bdaaede0d9f5ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Esta dissertação desenvolve um estudo relacionado à segurança energética do país. Com foco principal na insuficiência da estrutura portuária o trabalho analisa a possibilidade desta carência estrutural causar impactos macroeconômicos de proporções relevantes por conta de um 'apagão' no setor de transportes, pelo desabastecimento de óleo diesel. A demanda por óleo diesel é projetada a partir do crescimento estimado do PIB e da elasticidade-renda da demanda por óleo diesel. A oferta é estimada a partir da capacidade de refino doméstica somada a capacidade importação via os terminais marítimos. Os resultados apontam para um esgotamento da capacidade portuária para aumentar as importações. Em consequência da recessão entre os anos de 2014 e 2017 as refinarias operaram em 2017 com apenas aproximadamente 80% da capacidade de refino declarada. Entretanto, mantidas as projeções de crescimento econômico, a demanda por óleo diesel deveria ultrapassar a capacidade de oferta no ano de 2025, no cenário de crescimento mais moderado ou em 2021, no cenário de crescimento econômico mais acelerado. Em vista do iminente risco de 'apagão' no setor de transportes, por conta de uma crise de desabastecimento de óleo diesel, o trabalho propõe políticas de curto prazo para contenção do problema. Propõe, ainda, políticas de médio e longo prazos para a efetiva mitigação do risco de desabastecimento de óleo diesel na economia brasileira. / This master thesis develops a study related to the country's energy security. With the main focus on the insufficiency of the port structure, the study evaluates the possibility of this structural deficiency may cause macroeconomic impacts of significant proportions, due to a 'blackout' in the transport sector. The 'blackout' would result from the shortage of diesel oil. The demand for diesel oil is projected from the estimated GDP growth and the elasticity of demand for diesel oil. The supply capacity is estimated considered as the sum of domestic refining capacity plus the import capacity through the ports. The results indicate a depletion of port capacity to increase imports. As a result of the economic recession in Brazilian economy between the years 2014 and 2017, the refineries operated in 2017 with approximately 80% of their declared refining capacity. However, considering the projected Brazilian economy growth in force on beginning of 2018, demand for diesel oil should exceed supply capacity in 2025, in the more moderate growth scenario or in 2021, in the scenario of a faster economic growth. In face of the imminent risk of a 'blackout' in the transport sector, which could be caused by the shortage of diesel oil, this study proposes short-term policies to contain the problem. It proposes also medium and long-term policies for the effective mitigation of the risk of diesel oil shortages in the Brazilian economy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Regina Soares da Silva.pdf: 1044583 bytes, checksum: 91a1eacf551345ae187f5b2614fe327e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / One of the great challenges of the Amazon is trying to reduce the transaction costs incurred by companies when they go to market demand customs services, that because this type of activity produces significant impact on the competitiveness of the products of PIM. Thus, this study aims to identify and understand the institutional reasons that do not promote celerity in attendance the demands for customs services and tax services within the economy of Manaus. The basic hypothesis states that the factor related to bureaucracy overlaps the infrastructural. Specifically, we intend to: a) Identify the main factors that influence the time of clearance of goods at the airport system; b) Identify the main factors that influence the time of clearance of goods at the port system. The conceptual framework of this study is based on the concepts of Transaction Costs, Institutions and Economic Growth, emphasizing that "there are costs in addition to the directly involved with the production, which influence the formation of the total cost of the product, such as excessive tax burden, processes bureaucratic corruption, gaps in infrastructure, among others "ESPINO (1999). The method known as Factorial Analysis was used to summarize the variable taken to account for the time required for clearance of goods, grouping them into factors. We conclude that the factors that influence this time in the airport system are the care provided by servers and bureaucracy of the intervening agencies. On the other hand, at the port system, refuting the hypothesis of this work, the infrastructure put up more as a factor influencing the time needed for implementation of customs services. / Um dos grandes desafios do Amazonas é tentar reduzir os custos de transação incorridos pelas empresas quando estas vão ao mercado demandar serviços aduaneiros, isso porque este tipo de atividade produz impacto significativo na competitividade dos produtos do PIM. Assim, este estudo visa identificar e compreender as razões institucionais que não promovem celeridade no atendimento das demandas por serviços aduaneiros e fiscais no âmbito da economia de Manaus. A hipótese básica estabelece que o fator relacionado à burocracia sobrepõe-se ao infraestrutural. Especificamente, pretende-se: a) Identificar os principais fatores que influenciam o tempo de desembaraço de mercadorias no sistema aeroportuário; b) Identificar os principais fatores que influenciam o tempo de desembaraço de mercadorias no sistema portuário. O marco conceitual deste estudo assenta-se nos conceitos de Custos de Transação, Instituições e Crescimento Econômico, enfatizando que existem custos, além dos envolvidos diretamente com a produção, que influenciam na formação do custo total dos produtos, como excessiva carga tributária, processos burocráticos, corrupção, lacunas de infraestrutura, dentre outros ESPINO (1999). O método denominado Análise de Fatorial foi utilizado para sumarizar as variáveis tomadas para explicar o tempo necessário para desembaraço de mercadorias, agrupando-as em fatores. Conclui-se que no sistema aeroportuário os fatores que mais influenciam este tempo são o atendimento prestado pelos servidores e a burocracia dos órgãos intervenientes. Por outro lado, no sistema portuário, refutando a hipótese deste trabalho, a infraestrutura colocou-se como fator mais influenciador do tempo necessário à execução dos serviços aduaneiros.

Terminais portuÃrios adicionam estruturas artificiais ao ambiente marinho propiciando o estabelecimento de organismos epibÃnticos nativos e espÃcies exÃticas devido à intensa circulaÃÃo de navios. O presente estudo caracterizou e comparou a composiÃÃo especÃfica e a distribuiÃÃo batimÃtrica da malacofauna associada aos pilares dos terminais portuÃrios do PecÃm e do Mucuripe - CearÃ, Brasil, a fim de verificar a ocorrÃncia de espÃcies exÃticas. Foi avaliada tambÃm a estrutura populacional do bivalve invasor Isognomon bicolor em ambos os portos. As coletas da malacofauna foram realizadas por meio de mergulho autÃnomo e mÃtodo destrutivo. A amostragem foi feita entre 0-5 metros de profundidade, espaÃadas em 1 metro. Foram coletadas 41 espÃcies de moluscos sendo 35 nativas, cinco criptogÃnicas e uma exÃtica. As maiores densidades foram registradas para Petaloconchus aff. varians, Isognomon bicolor, Lithophaga bisulcata, Crassostrea rhizophorae e Sphenia antillensis. Em ambos os portos, houve maior densidade mÃdia de moluscos no primeiro metro, bem como de I. bicolor. Nenhum dos portos demonstrou diferenÃa significativa dos descritores de comunidade em relaÃÃo à orientaÃÃo das faces nos pilares (interna e externa). No primeiro metro, foram observados os indivÃduos de I. bicolor de menor tamanho da concha. Esta distribuiÃÃo dos organismos pode provavelmente ser determinada pelo assentamento larval diferencial ao longo dos pilares e tambÃm a faixa em que I. bicolor està mais adaptado fisiologicamente. Estudos sobre estas comunidades sÃo de grande importÃncia para o monitoramento de regiÃes portuÃrias e o diagnÃstico precoce de espÃcies potencialmente invasoras. / Ports add artificial structures to the marine environment giving the establishments of natives epibenthics organisms and exotics species due to intense ship traffic. The present study classifies and compared the specific composition and bathimetric distribution of molluscs faune associated to the ports pillars of PecÃm and Mucuripe â CearÃ, Brasil, wanting to check the ocorrence of exotic species. It was also evaluated the population structure of the bivalves Isognomon bicolor invaders on both ports. The gathering of mollusc faune was possible through the autonomous diving and destructive method. The sample was made between 0-5 meters of depth, with space of 1 meter. 41 species of molluscs were gathered, being 35 natives, 5 criptogenic and 1 exotic. The highest densities were registered to Petaloconchus aff. Varians, Isognomon bicolor, Lithophaga bisulcata, Crassostrea rhizophorae and Sphenia antillensis. On both ports, there was a medium density of molluscs in the first meter. Neither of the Ports showed significant difference from communities descriptors related to the orientation of the pillarâs faces. Considering the bathimetric of I. bicolor on PecÃm Port, it was verified a predominance of these bivalves in the first meter of pillars. This organismâs distribution might be determinate on pillars by differential larval settlement on pillars length and also the range in which I. bicolor is more physiologically adapted. Studies about these communities are of great importance to the monitoring of portuaries regions and the early diagnoses of potentially invasive species.

O presente trabalho buscou estudar experimentalmente os efeitos do deslocamento da posição final dos dutos de admissão de um cabeçote no número de swirl e as possíveis consequências nos parâmetros de desempenho do motor diesel (torque, emissão de poluentes e consumo de combustível). Foram construídos protótipos de cabeçotes divididos em quatro grupos de deslocamentos com diferentes direções e sentidos. O valor nominal desses deslocamentos foi de 1 mm. Em seguida os cabeçotes passaram por medição de geometria para verificação da posição real dos dutos de admissão; posteriormente os cabeçotes foram ensaiados em uma máquina de medição do número de swirl. A partir dos dados de posição dos dutos de admissão e do número de swirl de cada cabeçote, foi feita uma regressão linear múltipla para se obter uma equação que correlaciona o número de swirl com os deslocamentos em X e Y dos dois dutos de admissão. Na última parte do trabalho, os cabeçotes de cada grupo de deslocamento foram montados sucessivamente em um motor diesel instalado em dinamômetro para medição dos seus parâmetros de desempenho, a saber: curva de torque; consumo específico e emissão de poluentes. / This work aimed to study experimentally the effects of intake ports displacement of a cylinder head in its swirl number and the possible consequences in the diesel engine performance parameters (torque, emissions and fuel consumption). Cylinder head prototypes were divided into four groups with different displacement directions. The nominal value of these displacements was 1 mm. The cylinder heads were measured to check the real position of their intake ports; then the cylinder heads were tested in a machine to measure the swirl number. From the intake ports position data and swirl number of each cylinder head, a multiple linear regression was performed to obtain an equation that correlates the swirl number with intake ports displacement in X and Y directions. As last step of this work, the cylinder heads of each displacement group were mounted in a diesel engine installed on a dynamometer to measure its performance parameters: torque curve; specific fuel consumption and emissions.

[pt] O processo de conteinerização e o desenvolvimento de redes de transporte intermodal têm provocado crescente competição no setor portuário e vêm interferindo nas zonas de influência dos portos (hinterland) do mundo inteiro, principalmente nos países desenvolvidos. Estas hinterlands estão deixando de ser cativas de um determinado porto para serem de múltipla influência de dois ou mais portos. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo cujo objetivo é caracterizar a dinâmica portuária à luz da conteinerização, mapear a discussão acerca do conceito de hinterlands, identificando suas definições e sua validade, além de apresentar metodologias para sua delimitação, essenciais para permitir o correto planejamento do desenvolvimento portuário por parte de Autoridades Portuárias e Terminais Privativos num cenário de crescente competição. Essa contextualização conceitual e metodológica permitirá a aplicação de uma metodologia para o caso do porto de Rio Grande, localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, especializado na movimentação de contêineres, utilizando-se para tanto de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). / [en] The containerization process and the development of intermodal transport networks have lead to a competitive scenario in the port sector and have modified the ports hinterlands all over the world, specially on developed countries. These hinterlands are no more captive areas of one port but competitive areas of two or more ports. This dissertation presents a study whose objective is to characterize port development due to the containerization process, to map the discussion on port hinterlands concept, identifying its definitions and its validity, and to present methodologies for its delimitation, important to allow a correct port planning and development by Port Authorities or private terminals in a competitive scenario. This conceptual and methodological context will allow the application of a methodology using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the case study that embraces the port of Rio Grande, located at State of Rio Grande do Sul, specialized on containers handling.

Dans cette thèse nous présentons les résultats sur l'emploi des systèmes Hamiltoniens à port et des systèmes de contact commandés pour la modélisation et la commande de systèmes issus de la Thermodynamique Irréversible. Premièrement nous avons défini une classe de pseudo-systèmes Hamiltoniens à port, appelée systèmes Hamiltoniens à port irréversibles, qui permet de représenter simultanément le premier et le second principe de la Thermodynamique et inclut des modèles d'échangeurs thermiques ou de réacteurs chimiques. Ces systèmes ont été relevés sur l'espace des phases thermodynamiques muni d’une forme de contact, définissant ainsi une classe de systèmes de contact commandés, c'est-à-dire des systèmes commandés non-linéaires définis par des champs de contacts stricts. Deuxièmement, nous avons montré que seul un retour d'état constant préserve la forme de contact et avons alors résolu le problème d'assignation d'une forme de contact en boucle fermée. Ceci a mené à la définition de systèmes de contact entrée-sortie et l'analyse de leur équivalence par retour d'état. Troisièmement, nous avons montré que les champs de contact n'étaient en général pas stables en leur zéros et avons alors traité du problème de la stabilisation sur une sous-variété de Legendre en boucle fermée. / This doctoral thesis presents results on the use of port Hamiltonian systems (PHS) and controlled contact systems for modeling and control of irreversible thermodynamic processes. Firstly, Irreversible PHS (IPHS) has been defined as a class of pseudo-port Hamiltonian system that expresses the first and second principle of Thermodynamics and encompasses models of heat exchangers and chemical reactors. These IPHS have been lifted to the complete Thermodynamic Phase Space endowed with a natural contact structure, thereby defining a class of controlled contact systems, i.e. nonlinear control systems defined by strict contact vector fields. Secondly, it has been shown that only a constant control preserves the canonical contact structure, hence a structure preserving feedback necessarily shapes the closed-loop contact form. The conditions for state feedbacks shaping the contact form have been characterized and have lead to the definition of input-output contact systems. Thirdly, it has been shown that strict contact vector fields are in general unstable at their zeros, hence the condition for the the stability in closed-loop has been characterized as stabilization on some closed-loop invariant Legendre submanifolds

La libéralisation du transport aérien et maritime a entrainé, à l'instar des autres secteurs, la transformation des infrastructures respectives afin que la libre concurrence soit assurée. Or, à côté des autres conséquences entrainées sur l'exploitation des infrastructures, l'évolution majeure a été le déploiement d'une concurrence entre elles. Malgré les missions particulières de satisfaction de l'intérêt général qui peuvent peser sur les infrastructures de transport et même si chaque infrastructure prise isolément détient un pouvoir de marché considérable, les infrastructures aéroportuaires ou portuaires sont susceptibles de subir une pression concurrentielle. En effet, les caractéristiques de monopole naturel des aéroports et des ports ont été relativisées sous l'effet de la mobilité dans l'économie de transport. Tant les aéroports que les ports deviennent souvent des maillons dans les stratégies concurrentielles des transporteurs, qui constituent leurs interlocuteurs puissants. Le droit a réagi à ce phénomène économique avec le démantèlement des monopoles étatiques, par leur privatisation ou décentralisation, et la restructuration des infrastructures. Par conséquent, il a entrainé une concurrence entre les opérateurs qui ont émergé, qui s'exerce pour et dans le «marché des infrastructures». Il s'agit certainement d'un marché «hétéro-déterminé», c'est à-dire hautement dépendant de la concurrence des transporteurs. D'une part, la délimitation du marché pertinent prend en compte le marché du transport, d'autre part, les formes que peut revêtir la concurrence entre infrastructures ou leur coopération éventuelle sont dictées par les stratégies des transporteurs. / The liberalization of air and maritime transport has resulted in the transformation of the respective infrastructures, in order to facilitate competition between transport operators. However, the most remarkable change has been the development of competition between them. In spite of the particular tasks of general interest assigned to the infrastructures of transport and although each infrastructure taken separately holds a considerable market power, airports and ports are susceptible to competitive pressure. Indeed, the natural monopoly characteristics have been relativized due to the mobility in the economy of transport. Both airports and ports often become simple links in the competitive strategies of carriers, which constitute their powerful counterparts. The law responded to this economic phenomenon, by dismantling state monopolies, proceeding to their privatization or decentralization. Therefore, this tendency has led to a competition between emerged operators, for and within the "market of infrastructures". This market is certainly "hetero-determined", which means that it is highly dependent of the competition in the market of transport. Thus, the definition of the relevant market takes into account the market of transport. Besides, the possible forms of competition or cooperation between infrastructures are determined by the carrier strategies.

The study is set out to analyze organizational communication at South African Port Operations (SAPO), Port Elizabeth. The analysis was based on the four formal flows of communication in an organization, which are upward communication, downward communication, horizontal communication and diagonal communication. The study was also meant to provide suggestions on how to improve communication at SAPO, Port Elizabeth especially with regard to the above mentioned flows. The literature review looked at the four different flows of communication which occurs in the organization. From the review, one can conclude that in order for an organization to function properly communication is needed to co-ordinate all the activities towards an organization’s goals. The empirical research was carried out using mainly qualitative methods of data collection. Focus group interviews were used as a method of gathering information. The sample was drawn from employees who are working for SAPO, the sample was drawn from various levels of authority within the company. The findings have revealed that there are various flows of communication at SAPO, but there needs to be improvement particularly with upward, horizontal and diagonal communication. The research also revealed that downward communication has more formal channels.

The diploma thesis introduces a design of a construction alteration whose aim is to increase the injection efficiency of the given two-stroke engine. The first chapter deals with a construction solution of the replacement of cylinder charge. The following chapters focus on the procedure of creating a 3D model of a cylinder unit through reverse engineering. Furthermore, the thesis contains a CFD simulation of the fluid flow including the evaluation of the results and experimental measurement on an aerodynamic track.

This paper focuses on the the interplay between Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and labour rights. It seeks to determine the effects of FTZs on the full realization of labour rights in Mozambique and Namibia. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Paulo Comoane of the Unicersidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM