Pectus excavatum é a deformidade congênita na parede torácica anterior mais comum e seu tratamento é essencialmente cirúrgico. Tratamentos cirúrgicos e repouso prolongado no leito levam a alterações metabólicas, músculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares e respiratórias, que podem prolongar o tempo necessário para a recuperação funcional dos pacientes no pós-operatório, aumentar o tempo de internação e os custos em saúde. A reabilitação precoce após cirurgias, com a realização de exercícios físicos e respiratórios, reduzir estes efeitos adversos, garante melhor recuperação pós-operatória, com aumento da independência dos pacientes, maior bem-estar psicológico e melhores resultados funcionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os pacientes submetidos a reabilitação precoce após correção cirúrgica de Pectus excavatum pela técnica de Nuss apresentam melhor capacidade funcional de exercício e função pulmonar no dia da alta hospitalar quando comparados com os pacientes submetidos a cuidados convencionais. Os Candidatos a correção cirúrgica foram alocados aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: o grupo reabilitação precoce (GRP), que iniciou a intervenção logo após a cirurgia e o grupo de cuidados convencionais (GC), que recebeu os cuidados de rotina da instituição. O teste de função pulmonar por meio da espirometria simples e a avaliação da capacidade funcional de exercício pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), foram realizados antes da cirurgia (pré-operatório) e no dia da alta hospitalar (pós-operatório). Quarenta pacientes foram analisados, 20 em cada grupo. No teste de função pulmonar, todos os pacientes apresentaram redução significativa dos valores de CVF, VEF1 e PFE no pós-operatório, sem diferença entre os grupos. Todos os pacientes apresentaram redução significativa da distância percorrida no TC6 pós-operatório comparada com a distância percorrida no pré-operatório (p < 0,005). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o GRP e GC na avaliação pós-operatória (506.26 ± 66.54 vs 431.11 ± 75.61, p=0.02), e a diferença entre as distâncias percorridas no pré-operatório e no dia da alta hospitalar foi significativamente menor no GRP em comparação com o GC (76.57 ± 49.41 vs 166.82 ± 70.13, p < 0.001). Concluímos que os pacientes submetidos a reabilitação precoce após técnica de Nuss apresentam melhor capacidade funcional de exercício no dia da alta hospitalar em comparação com os pacientes do grupo convencional, sem diferença da função pulmonar entre os grupos / Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity and its treatment is essentially surgical. Surgical treatments and postoperative bed rest lead to metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory alterations, with the possibility of prolonging the time required for postoperative patient recovery, increasing hospitalization time and health expenditure. Early rehabilitation after surgeries, which involves physical and breathing exercises, reduces these adverse effects and ensure better postoperative recovery, with increased independence of patients, greater psychological well-being and better functional outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess whether patients undergoing early rehabilitation after Pectus excavatum repair using the Nuss procedure have better functional exercise capacity and lung function on hospital discharge day compared with patients undergoing conventional care. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the early rehabilitation group (ERG) which started rehabilitation after surgery and the group of conventional care (CG) which received routine care of the institution. The lung function was assessed by simple spirometry and the functional exercise capacity by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed before surgery (preoperative) and in hospital discharge day (postoperative). Forty patients were evaluated, 20 in each group. All patients presented a significant reduction in FVC, FEV1 and PEF in the postoperative lung function test and there was no statistically significant difference between groups. All patients showed significant reduction in postoperative distance walked in 6MWT compared with the preoperative distance (p < 0.005). There was statistically significant different in functional exercise capacity between the ERG and CG in the postoperative evaluation (506.26 ± 66.54 vs 431.11 ± 75.61, p=0.02) and the difference between distance walked in the preoperative and postoperative period was significantly lower in the ERC compared to the CG (76.57 ± 49.41 vs 166.82 ± 70.13, p < 0.001). We conclude that patients undergoing early rehabilitation after Nuss procedure presented better postoperative functional exercise capacity in hospital discharge day compared to patients in the conventional group, with no difference in lung function between groups

Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou o efeito dos cuidados de fisioterapia respiratória, no período pós-operatório, na incidência de complicações pulmonares em pacientes submetidos à esofagectomia. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou 70 pacientes consecutivos (nenhuma exclusão) divididos em 2 grupos: controle (GC; N=30) e fisioterapia respiratória (GFR; N=40). As informações referentes aos períodos pré, peri e pós-operatório foram obtidas através do prontuário médico dos pacientes. Resultados: Os pacientes dos GC e GFR apresentaram média de idade (53,57 ± 12,51 vs 56,55 ± 14,23 anos) e de índice de massa corpórea (22,38 ± 3,41 vs 22,68 ± 3,91 kg/m2) semelhantes, assim como o percentual de diagnóstico de neoplasia que foi de 80% em ambos os grupos. As durações da cirurgia e da anestesia também foram similares entre GC e GFR, respectivamente (370 vs 390 min e 483,83 ± 98,45 vs 496,88 ± 125,77 min). Os pacientes submetidos à esofagectomia que receberam cuidados de fisioterapia respiratória (GFR) apresentaram uma redução nas complicações pulmonares quando comparado com o grupo controle (15,0% vs 36,3%; p<0,05). Esta foi conseqüente à redução na incidência de derrame pleural (10% vs 23%), atelectasia (2,5% vs 3,3%) e broncopneumonia (2,5% vs 10%). Foi também verificado que os pacientes do GFR fizeram menor uso de antibióticos (cefalosporina de 3ª geração), com finalidade terapêutica (p<0,05) e permaneceram menos tempo com o dreno no hemitórax direito (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que os cuidados de fisioterapia respiratória no período pós-operatório reduzem a incidência de complicações respiratórias, beneficiando os pacientes submetidos à esofagectomia. / The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of late postoperative chest physiotherapy on pulmonary complications in patients submitted to oesophagectomy. This retrospective study involved a sample of 70 consecutive oesophagectomy patients (none excluded) who were divided into two groups as follows: control group (no physiotherapy) and chest physiotherapy group. Patients receiving chest physiotherapy were not submitted to positive airway pressure ventilation. Our results show that patients in the control group were similar to those in the chest physiotherapy group in terms of age and body mass index (53.5 ± 12.5 years vs. 56.5 ± 14.2 years; 22.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2 vs. 22.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2). Patients in the control group and chest physiotherapy group, respectively, also presented the same rate of surgery for malignant disease (80% vs. 80%), surgical time (370 vs. 390 min) and anaesthesia duration (483.8 ± 98.4 min vs. 496.8 ± 125.7 min). Patients in the chest physiotherapy group less frequently presented pulmonary complications (15% vs. 36.3%; p < 0.05), pleural effusion (10% vs. 23%), atelectasis (2.5% vs. 3.3%), and bronchopneumonia (2.5% vs. 10%). Among chest physiotherapy group patients, antibiotic (thirdgeneration cephalosporins) treatment regimens were of shorter duration (p < 0.05). In addition, right hemithorax drainage was less prolonged among the chest physiotherapy group patients (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that chest physiotherapy reduces pulmonary complications in patients undergoing oesophagectomy.

Racional: A desnutrição calórico-protêica é um problema de saúde pública mundial e atinge cerca de 40% da população com doenças gastrointestinais candidata a cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento da musculatura respiratória na função respiratória e na incidência de complicações pulmonares em indivíduos desnutridos submetidos a cirurgias abdominais altas (desfecho primário), após caracterizar a função respiratória em portadores de desnutrição calórico-protéica (desfecho secundário). Métodos: Foram avaliados 122 indivíduos em 2 fases. A etapa inicial foi um estudo longitudinal que avaliou 75 candidatos à cirurgia abdominal alta eletiva que foram divididos em 2 grupos, de acordo com seu estado nutricional: controle (GC, n=36) e desnutridos (GD, n=39). Todos os indivíduos tiveram seus dados clínicos (nutricional e laboratorial), antropométricos e a função respiratória (espirometria, força muscular respiratória e cirtometria) avaliados. A incidência de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias (CPP) foi contabilizada de maneira cega por avaliadores independentes após o procedimento cirúrgico. Todos os indivíduos receberam sessões diárias de fisioterapia convencional e padronizada após a cirurgia. Na etapa seguinte, foram avaliados 47 desnutridos divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de treinamento: Sham (GSH, n=20), inspiratório (GTI, n=15) e expiratório (GTE, n=12). Os treinamentos inspiratórios e expiratórios foram realizados durante 7 dias com carga linear de 30% da pressão respiratória máxima. As avaliações pré-operatórias e o seguimento pós-operatório foram realizados de maneira similar a etapa inicial do estudo. Resultados: Nossos resultados mostram que os desnutridos apresentam fraqueza dos músculos expiratórios (p<0,001), redução da expansibilidade torácica (p<0,001) e maior incidência de CPP (p=0,05). Além disso, observou-se que quando a desnutrição esta associada à fraqueza da musculatura expiratória há uma maior incidência de CPP (p=0,02). Na etapa do treinamento muscular respiratório, não foi observado ganho de força muscular respiratória ou de expansibilidade torácica em nenhum dos grupos treinados (p>0,05) e não houve diferença na incidência CPP após cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram que a desnutrição está associada à fraqueza da musculatura expiratória e à diminuição da expansibilidade torácica e que esses déficits aumentam a incidência de complicações pulmonares após cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas. Porém, não observamos modificação na incidência dessas complicações decorrentes dos treinamentos musculares respiratórios realizados. É possível que isto esteja relacionado ao número amostral e sugerimos futuros estudos para confirmar estes resultados / Background: The protein-energy malnutrition is a very common health problem and around 40% of patients with gastrointestinal disorders candidate for elective upper abdominal surgery present weight loss and malnutrition. Objectives: This is a two phases study and the first phase aimed to compare the incidence of pulmonary complications in controls and malnourished individuals undergoing to upper abdominal surgeries. The second phase aimed to assess the effect of two types of respiratory muscles training in the incidence of pulmonary complications in malnourished individuals. Methods: One-hundred and twenty-two individuals were evaluated in two phases. In the first phase, 75 candidates for elective upper abdominal surgery were divided, based on their nutritional status, into 2 groups: control (CG, n=36) and malnutrition (MG, n=39). Clinical (nutritional and hemogram) and anthropometric data as well as respiratory function (spirometry, respiratory muscles strength and cirtometry) were collected from all patients. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) was collected after surgery by a blinded independent evaluator. All subjects received daily sessions of conventional physiotherapy standardized. On the second phase, 47 malnourished individuals were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham (SHG, n=20) and either inspiratory (ITG, n=15) or expiratory training groups (ETG, n=12). Inspiratory and expiratory training were performed with linear load of 30% of maximum respiratory pressure. The preoperative assessments and the postoperative follow up were made on the similar way at the beginning of the study. Results: Our results showed that malnourished individuals present expiratory muscle weakness (p<0.001), reduced chest wall expansion (p<0.001) and higher incidence of PPC (p=0.05). In addition, it was observed that the malnutrition associated with expiratory muscle weakness causes a higher incidence of PPC (p=0.02). During the respiratory muscle training, it was not observed either increase in the respiratory muscle strength or chest wall expansibility in all training groups (p>0.05) and there was no difference in the incidence of PPC after elective upper abdominal surgery among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our results show that malnutrition is associated with expiratory muscle weakness and decreased chest wall expansion and these deficits increase postoperative pulmonary complications in individuals undergoing to upper abdominal surgeries. The impairment on malnourished subjects respiratory function causes increase in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after elective upper abdominal surgery. However, we did not observe changes in the incidence of complications after respiratory muscle training. It is possible that this fact is related with the sample size and we suggest future studies to confirm these results

INTRODUÇÃO: A simpatectomia é o tratamento de escolha para hiperidrose localizada primária. A evolução da técnica visa à melhora dos resultados operatórios e à minimização dos efeitos colaterais, sendo o principal deles o suor reflexo. Esse suor reflexo pode afetar a satisfação em longo prazo, e pode variar conforme as estações do ano, juntamente com a satisfação dos pacientes com os resultados da operação. No entanto, não há dados objetivos quanto ao efeito da sazonalidade sobre os resultados operatórios e sobre os fatores relacionados à satisfação. Os objetivos do presente estudo são: avaliação da variabilidade sazonal sobre o grau das resoluções da sudorese palmar e plantar, bem como a incidência e a intensidade do suor reflexo e análise da influência desses fatores sobre a satisfação; avaliação da dor como fator relacionado à satisfação imediata; avaliação da segurança dos métodos de expansão pulmonar pós-operatória com e sem drenagem pleural e relação dos mesmos à dor. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico, prospectivo, em duas fases. A primeira, para avaliação de fatores imediatos relacionados à satisfação (fatores antropométricos, dor, presença e intensidade do suor reflexo, grau de resolução da sudorese palma r e plantar, época do ano em que a simpatectomia foi realizada) e segurança dos métodos de expansão pulmonar, cujo desenho é prospectivo, aleatorizado e cego. A segunda, para as avaliações tardias e sazonais dos fatores relacionados à satisfação (fatores antropométricos, presença e intensidade do suor reflexo, grau de resolução da sudorese palmar e plantar), possui desenho prospectivo de coorte. Foram eleitos para o estudo pacientes com hiperidrose palmo-plantar primária submetidos à simpatectomia torácica videoassistida; o período de inclusão foi de 16 meses e o seguimento médio final de 623,63 ± 15,13 dias. Foram então avaliados no período de hospitalização (avaliação da dor, método de expansão pulmonar e do pneumotórax residual) e no sétimo dia de pós-operatório (dor, resultados operatórios e satisfação). Então, tardiamente, na primavera, no verão e no outono/inverno (resultados operatórios e satisfação). Foram considerados resultados operatórios os graus de resolução palmar e plantar e a presença e a intensidade do suor reflexo. Foram estudadas como variáveis independentes relacionadas à satisfação a época do ano onde a simpatectomia foi feita, a dor, os graus de resolução palmar e plantar, presença e intensidade do suor reflexo e fatores antropométricos, a saber, idade, gênero, etnia, índice de massa corporal. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 82 pacientes consecutivos, sendo que 80 completaram o seguimento imediato e 75 completaram todo o seguimento. Os resultados operatórios (resolução palmar e plantar, presença e intensidade do suor compensatório) tiveram variação entre todas as estações do ano. A satisfação teve igual variação sazonal e os fatores que estiveram relacionados à queda da satisfação foram distintos, conforme a estação do ano. A drenagem pleural tubular fechada e a expansão com Valsalva foram igualmente eficientes quanto à presença de pneumotórax residual, porém a drenagem pleural em selo d\'água aumentou o tempo cirúrgico e a dor pós-operatória nas primeiras 12 horas; o pneumotórax residual não aumentou a dor. CONCLUSÕES: OS melhores resultados operatórios foram obtidos imediatamente e na primavera, os piores no verão e em nível intermediário no outono/inverno. Na primavera, o único parâmetro relacionado à queda na satisfação foi a não resolução plantar; já no verão e no outono/inverno, foi a presença do suor reflexo, indepedente da sua intensidade. A drenagem pleural tubular fechada teve desempenho inferior à expansão pulmonar sob visão direta com manobra de Valsalva. O pneumotórax residual não influenciou a intensidade dor pós-operatória. / INTRODUCTION: Sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for primary and localized hyperhidrosis. Efforts in evolution of this technique have the aim to improve the surgical results and minimizing the collateral effects, witch told to be the sudomotor reflex. This sudomotor reflex could influence the long term satisfaction; it also could change between the seasons of the year, as well as the satisfaction could change in this matter. However, there is no objective data regarding the influence of the seasonality over the surgical results and satisfaction. The objectives of this study is to assess the seasonal variability of palmar and plantar resolution, as well as the incidence of sudomotor reflex and its intensity; to correlate this factors with satisfaction. To evaluate the pain as a factor related to immediate satisfaction; to assess the safety of lung expansion methods and relate this with postoperative pain. METHODS: A two stage prospective clinical assay. The first stage consists of assessment of the immediate factors related to satisfaction (anthropometrics factors, pain, presence and intensity of the sudomotor reflex, palmar and plantar resolutions, season of the year in witch the operation was performed) and the safety of lung expansion methods; it is a prospective, randomized and blinded study. The second stage is a cohort study, assessing the late factors related to satisfaction (anthropometrics factors, presence and intensity of the sudomotor reflex and palmar and plantar resolutions), under distinct climatic situations. There were included patients with typical palmar and plantar primary hyperhidrosis treated by thoracic video-assisted sympathectomy; the inclusion period was 16 months and the final follow-up time was 623 ± 15,13 days in average. They were assessed in hospital stay (pain, lung expansion technique and residual pneumothorax) and at seventh postoperative day (pain, surgical results and satisfaction). Thereafter they were assessed in spring, summer and autumn/winter (surgical results and satisfaction). The surgical results were palmar and plantar resolutions and presence and intensity of the sudomotor reflex. The independent variables related to satisfaction were season of the year in that the sympathectomy was performed, pain, palmar and plantar resolutions, sudomotor reflex (presence and intensity) and anthropometric parameters (age, gender, ethnics, body mass index). RE8UL T8: 82 consecutives patients were included; thereafter, 80 completed the immediate assess and 75 completed the long term follow-up. The surgical results (palmar and plantar resolutions, presence and intensity of the sudomotor reflex) had significant variation throughout the seasons of the year. Equally, the satisfaction had significant variation, as well as the factor related to dissatisfaction, throughout the seasons of the year. The underwater pleural drainage and the lung expansion with Valsalva maneuver were equally efficient in matter of residual pneumothorax; however the underwater pleural drainage was more painful and more operating time consuming; the residual pneumothorax do not increased the postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: The best results are obtained in immediate postoperative period and in spring; the worst results are seen in spring; the intermediate results are obtained in autumn/winter. In the spring, the unique factor related to dissatisfaction was the non resolution of plantar hyperhidrotic symptoms; in the summer and in the autumn/winter the presence of the sudomotor reflex, independently of its intensity, was related to dissatisfaction. The underwater pleural drainage should not be indicating after thoracic video-assisted sympathectomy for lung expansion. The residual pneumothorax does not influence the postoperative pain.

Racional: A desnutrição calórico-protêica é um problema de saúde pública mundial e atinge cerca de 40% da população com doenças gastrointestinais candidata a cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento da musculatura respiratória na função respiratória e na incidência de complicações pulmonares em indivíduos desnutridos submetidos a cirurgias abdominais altas (desfecho primário), após caracterizar a função respiratória em portadores de desnutrição calórico-protéica (desfecho secundário). Métodos: Foram avaliados 122 indivíduos em 2 fases. A etapa inicial foi um estudo longitudinal que avaliou 75 candidatos à cirurgia abdominal alta eletiva que foram divididos em 2 grupos, de acordo com seu estado nutricional: controle (GC, n=36) e desnutridos (GD, n=39). Todos os indivíduos tiveram seus dados clínicos (nutricional e laboratorial), antropométricos e a função respiratória (espirometria, força muscular respiratória e cirtometria) avaliados. A incidência de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias (CPP) foi contabilizada de maneira cega por avaliadores independentes após o procedimento cirúrgico. Todos os indivíduos receberam sessões diárias de fisioterapia convencional e padronizada após a cirurgia. Na etapa seguinte, foram avaliados 47 desnutridos divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de treinamento: Sham (GSH, n=20), inspiratório (GTI, n=15) e expiratório (GTE, n=12). Os treinamentos inspiratórios e expiratórios foram realizados durante 7 dias com carga linear de 30% da pressão respiratória máxima. As avaliações pré-operatórias e o seguimento pós-operatório foram realizados de maneira similar a etapa inicial do estudo. Resultados: Nossos resultados mostram que os desnutridos apresentam fraqueza dos músculos expiratórios (p<0,001), redução da expansibilidade torácica (p<0,001) e maior incidência de CPP (p=0,05). Além disso, observou-se que quando a desnutrição esta associada à fraqueza da musculatura expiratória há uma maior incidência de CPP (p=0,02). Na etapa do treinamento muscular respiratório, não foi observado ganho de força muscular respiratória ou de expansibilidade torácica em nenhum dos grupos treinados (p>0,05) e não houve diferença na incidência CPP após cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram que a desnutrição está associada à fraqueza da musculatura expiratória e à diminuição da expansibilidade torácica e que esses déficits aumentam a incidência de complicações pulmonares após cirurgias abdominais altas eletivas. Porém, não observamos modificação na incidência dessas complicações decorrentes dos treinamentos musculares respiratórios realizados. É possível que isto esteja relacionado ao número amostral e sugerimos futuros estudos para confirmar estes resultados / Background: The protein-energy malnutrition is a very common health problem and around 40% of patients with gastrointestinal disorders candidate for elective upper abdominal surgery present weight loss and malnutrition. Objectives: This is a two phases study and the first phase aimed to compare the incidence of pulmonary complications in controls and malnourished individuals undergoing to upper abdominal surgeries. The second phase aimed to assess the effect of two types of respiratory muscles training in the incidence of pulmonary complications in malnourished individuals. Methods: One-hundred and twenty-two individuals were evaluated in two phases. In the first phase, 75 candidates for elective upper abdominal surgery were divided, based on their nutritional status, into 2 groups: control (CG, n=36) and malnutrition (MG, n=39). Clinical (nutritional and hemogram) and anthropometric data as well as respiratory function (spirometry, respiratory muscles strength and cirtometry) were collected from all patients. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) was collected after surgery by a blinded independent evaluator. All subjects received daily sessions of conventional physiotherapy standardized. On the second phase, 47 malnourished individuals were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham (SHG, n=20) and either inspiratory (ITG, n=15) or expiratory training groups (ETG, n=12). Inspiratory and expiratory training were performed with linear load of 30% of maximum respiratory pressure. The preoperative assessments and the postoperative follow up were made on the similar way at the beginning of the study. Results: Our results showed that malnourished individuals present expiratory muscle weakness (p<0.001), reduced chest wall expansion (p<0.001) and higher incidence of PPC (p=0.05). In addition, it was observed that the malnutrition associated with expiratory muscle weakness causes a higher incidence of PPC (p=0.02). During the respiratory muscle training, it was not observed either increase in the respiratory muscle strength or chest wall expansibility in all training groups (p>0.05) and there was no difference in the incidence of PPC after elective upper abdominal surgery among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our results show that malnutrition is associated with expiratory muscle weakness and decreased chest wall expansion and these deficits increase postoperative pulmonary complications in individuals undergoing to upper abdominal surgeries. The impairment on malnourished subjects respiratory function causes increase in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after elective upper abdominal surgery. However, we did not observe changes in the incidence of complications after respiratory muscle training. It is possible that this fact is related with the sample size and we suggest future studies to confirm these results

<p>Patienter med morbid obesitas har en ökad risk för atelektasbildning och postoperativarespiratoriska komplikationer efter generell anestesi på grund av sänkt vitalkapacitet (VC),funktionel residualkapacitet (FRC) och total lungkapacitet (TLC). Tidigare forskning har visat attPostoperativ Bi-level Positiv Airway Pressure (BIPAP) ventilations behandling minskar denna risk.Denna studie avsåg att utvärdera om postoperativ BIPAP-behandling förbättrar patienternas SpO2,paO2 , paCO2 och pH i arteriellt blod efter genomgången elektiv gastric bypass kirurgi jämfört medtraditionell postoperativ behandling. Insamlat material från 18 patienter huvudsakligen bestående avarteriella blodgaser och bakgrundsdata analyserades med analytisk statistisk. För att kunna beskrivahur patienterna upplevde BIPAP-behandlingen ställdes två öppna frågor ställdes till patienterna,.Resultatet visar att postoperativ behandling med BIPAP under 3 timmar ger högre SpO2 och lägrepaCO2 än traditionell postoperativ behandling efter elektiv gastric bypass kirurgi. Vid bådabehandlingarna sjunker paO2 och pH är oförändrat. Flera av patienterna upplevde besvär av BIPAPbehandlingen.</p> / <p>Obese patients have a higher risk for respiratory complications after general anesthesia related toreduced vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC).Earlier studies have shown that postoperative treatment with Bi-level Positive Airway Pressureimproved forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) andsaturation (SpO2) after elective gastric bypass surgery. Present study evaluates whether or not thesame postoperative treatment also shows differences in arterial blood gases, if compared with usualpostoperative treatment with nasal administered oxygen. A second aim was to describe how patientsexperienced the BIPAP treatment. Arterial blood gases from 18 patients were analyzed withanalytical statistics. The study showed that postoperative treatment whit BIPAP during 3 hoursresults in higher SpO2 and lower paCO2 than traditional postoperative treatment after electivegastric bypass surgery. Both treatments results in lower paO2 and unchanged pH. Several patientsexperienced discomfort during the BIPAP treatment.</p>

<p><strong><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study was to describe the post-operative care during the three first days for patients who have undergone colorectal surgery according to ERAS care programs with a focus on the variables nutrition, elimination, activity, type of analgesia and the number of hospital days documented in the patient record and patient log books. ERAS means "Early Recovery After Surgery" and the purpose of the health care program is to accelerate recovery after colorectal surgery. The study had a descriptive design and a quantitative approach, in which 51 patient records were included. Log books and patient records were reviewed postoperatively. According to the log books estimated most of the patients, who had documented, that they ate and drank very good or good. According to nursing documentation most of the patients ate ordinary food and drank nutritional drinks. According to the log books, the mean and median were about two drinks per day while nursing documentation varied. According to the log books, the median first stool after surgery was two days and according to the nursing documentation three days. The median number of walks in the corridor varied from 2-3 (log books) to two walks each day (nursing documentation). Epidural analgesia was the most common analgesia. The mean number of hospital days was 8.4 days (median 7 days). The conclusion is that few ERAS patients achieved the targets set at the hospital. The lack of documentation makes the interpretation difficult.</p></strong></strong></p> / <p><strong><p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med studien var att utifrån sjuksköterske- och patientdokumentation beskriva det postoperativa vårdförloppet under tre dagar för patienter som har genomgått kolorektalkirurgi enligt ERAS vårdprogram med fokus på variablerna nutrition, elimination, aktivitet, typ av smärtlindring och antal vårddagar. ERAS betyder "Early Recovery After Surgery" och syftet med vårdprogrammet är att påskynda återhämtning efter kolorektalkirurgi. Studien hade en beskrivande design och en kvantitativ ansats där 51 patientjournaler inkluderades. Loggböcker och patientjournaler granskades postoperativt. Enligt loggböckerna så skattade de flesta patienterna, av de som hade dokumenterat, att de åt och drack mycket bra eller bra. Enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen så åt de flesta vanlig mat och drack näringsdrycker. Enligt loggböckerna var medelvärdet och medianen cirka två näringsdrycker per dag medan det enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen varierade. Enligt loggböckerna var medianen för första avföringen efter operationen två dagar och enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen tre dagar. Medianen för antal vändor i korridoren varierade från 2-3 vändor (loggböckerna) till 2 vändor varje dag (sjuksköterske-dokumentationen). Epiduralbedövning var den vanligaste smärtlindringen. Medelvärdet för vårddagar var 8,4 dagar (median 7 dagar). Slutsatsen är att få patienter uppnådde de uppsatta målen vid det aktuella sjukhuset. Dokumentationen var bristfällig, vilket försvårar tolkningen av resultatet.</p></strong></p>

<p>Deep breathing exercises are widely used in the postoperative care to prevent or reduce pulmonary complications, but no scientific evidence for the efficacy has been found after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. </p><p>The aim of the thesis was to describe postoperative pulmonary function and to evaluate the efficacy of deep breathing exercises performed with or without a blow bottle device for positive expiratory pressure (PEP) 10 cmH₂O or an inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure (IR-PEP) mask with an inspiratory pressure of -5 cmH₂O and an expiratory pressure of +10 to +15 cmH₂O. </p><p>Patients undergoing CABG were instructed to perform 30 slow deep breaths hourly during daytime for the first four postoperative days. Patient management was similar in the groups, except for the different breathing techniques. </p><p>Measurements were performed preoperatively, on the fourth postoperative day and four months after surgery. The immediate effect of the deep breathing exercises was examined on the second postoperative day. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and arterial blood gases. Atelectasis was determined by chest roentgenograms or spiral computed tomography (CT). </p><p>Lung volumes were markedly reduced on the fourth postoperative day. Four months after surgery the pulmonary function was still significantly reduced. On the second and fourth postoperative day all patients had atelectasis visible on CT. A single session of deep breathing exercises performed with or without a mechanical device caused a significant reduction in atelectasis and an improvement in oxygenation. No major differences between deep breathing performed with or without a blow bottle or IR-PEP-device were found, except for a lesser decrease in total lung capacity in the blow bottle group on the fourth postoperative day. Patients who performed deep breathing exercises after CABG had significantly smaller atelectasis and better pulmonary function on the fourth postoperative day compared to a control group who performed no exercises.</p>

Deep breathing exercises are widely used in the postoperative care to prevent or reduce pulmonary complications, but no scientific evidence for the efficacy has been found after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The aim of the thesis was to describe postoperative pulmonary function and to evaluate the efficacy of deep breathing exercises performed with or without a blow bottle device for positive expiratory pressure (PEP) 10 cmH2O or an inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure (IR-PEP) mask with an inspiratory pressure of -5 cmH2O and an expiratory pressure of +10 to +15 cmH2O. Patients undergoing CABG were instructed to perform 30 slow deep breaths hourly during daytime for the first four postoperative days. Patient management was similar in the groups, except for the different breathing techniques. Measurements were performed preoperatively, on the fourth postoperative day and four months after surgery. The immediate effect of the deep breathing exercises was examined on the second postoperative day. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and arterial blood gases. Atelectasis was determined by chest roentgenograms or spiral computed tomography (CT). Lung volumes were markedly reduced on the fourth postoperative day. Four months after surgery the pulmonary function was still significantly reduced. On the second and fourth postoperative day all patients had atelectasis visible on CT. A single session of deep breathing exercises performed with or without a mechanical device caused a significant reduction in atelectasis and an improvement in oxygenation. No major differences between deep breathing performed with or without a blow bottle or IR-PEP-device were found, except for a lesser decrease in total lung capacity in the blow bottle group on the fourth postoperative day. Patients who performed deep breathing exercises after CABG had significantly smaller atelectasis and better pulmonary function on the fourth postoperative day compared to a control group who performed no exercises.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the post-operative care during the three first days for patients who have undergone colorectal surgery according to ERAS care programs with a focus on the variables nutrition, elimination, activity, type of analgesia and the number of hospital days documented in the patient record and patient log books. ERAS means "Early Recovery After Surgery" and the purpose of the health care program is to accelerate recovery after colorectal surgery. The study had a descriptive design and a quantitative approach, in which 51 patient records were included. Log books and patient records were reviewed postoperatively. According to the log books estimated most of the patients, who had documented, that they ate and drank very good or good. According to nursing documentation most of the patients ate ordinary food and drank nutritional drinks. According to the log books, the mean and median were about two drinks per day while nursing documentation varied. According to the log books, the median first stool after surgery was two days and according to the nursing documentation three days. The median number of walks in the corridor varied from 2-3 (log books) to two walks each day (nursing documentation). Epidural analgesia was the most common analgesia. The mean number of hospital days was 8.4 days (median 7 days). The conclusion is that few ERAS patients achieved the targets set at the hospital. The lack of documentation makes the interpretation difficult. / Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att utifrån sjuksköterske- och patientdokumentation beskriva det postoperativa vårdförloppet under tre dagar för patienter som har genomgått kolorektalkirurgi enligt ERAS vårdprogram med fokus på variablerna nutrition, elimination, aktivitet, typ av smärtlindring och antal vårddagar. ERAS betyder "Early Recovery After Surgery" och syftet med vårdprogrammet är att påskynda återhämtning efter kolorektalkirurgi. Studien hade en beskrivande design och en kvantitativ ansats där 51 patientjournaler inkluderades. Loggböcker och patientjournaler granskades postoperativt. Enligt loggböckerna så skattade de flesta patienterna, av de som hade dokumenterat, att de åt och drack mycket bra eller bra. Enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen så åt de flesta vanlig mat och drack näringsdrycker. Enligt loggböckerna var medelvärdet och medianen cirka två näringsdrycker per dag medan det enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen varierade. Enligt loggböckerna var medianen för första avföringen efter operationen två dagar och enligt sjuksköterskedokumentationen tre dagar. Medianen för antal vändor i korridoren varierade från 2-3 vändor (loggböckerna) till 2 vändor varje dag (sjuksköterske-dokumentationen). Epiduralbedövning var den vanligaste smärtlindringen. Medelvärdet för vårddagar var 8,4 dagar (median 7 dagar). Slutsatsen är att få patienter uppnådde de uppsatta målen vid det aktuella sjukhuset. Dokumentationen var bristfällig, vilket försvårar tolkningen av resultatet.