Que transmet le jeune parent à son enfant alors qu'il quitte tout juste ou est encore lui-même dans cette période de vie? L'enfant comble le manque à être, permet la reconnaissance familiale, sociale. Une fusion mère-enfant s'enkyste, ne permettant pas au père de prendre place de tiers-séparateur. La mère exigera d'être aimée par son enfant, de la façon qu'il lui convient à elle, se positionnant "enfant de son enfant", lui demandant d'être autonome, de la protéger, d'assumer des tâches de maternage qu'elle porte justement en très haute estime. L'enfant insecure ne sait où se positionner par rapport au attentes de sa mère; l'enfant en conséquences, présentera stress et anxiété, manque de confiance en soi, manifestant des comportements allant d'une certaine hyper-activité à un repli sur soi, en passant par la mégalomanie ou encore le masochisme. / Thar the young transmits to the child while he just leaves or is still for this period of life? the child fills the jack to be, allows the family, social gratitude, gives en receiv love. The fusion mother-child persists, not allowing the father to take the place of third-separator. The mother, will demand to be loved by her child, in the way which suits him to her, positioning "child of this child", asking him to be autonomous, to ptrotect her it, to assume accept tasks of mothering that thev door exactly in very high respect. The child insecure does not know whens to position regard to the expectations of the mother. The child as a consequence, will present stress and anxiety, lack of self-confidence showing behavior going of a certain hyper-activity to a withdrawal, including the megalomania or still the masochism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_bra_me_botfm.pdf: 447116 bytes, checksum: 446e118d63a97d1a69658b7e651b69aa (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity has been described in term deliveries and its role on the immune modulation is of interest to the better understanding of the underlying labor processes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the amniotic fluid of term pregnancies and to evaluate its influence on cytokines production at the end of pregnancy. A cross sectional study was conducted with fifty five pregnant women out of labor with intact membranes and gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks seen at the Bom Jesus hospital in Ariquemes, Rondônia, between June 2009 and May 2010. Amniotic fluid samples and fragments of chorioamniotic membranes were collected at cesarean section. M. hominis and U. urealyticum detection was performed by PCR and Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)- levels were determined by ELISA. Chorioamniotic membranes were submitted to histopatological analyses. Presence of M. hominis was detected in 36.4% of amniotic fluid samples and any of them was positive for U. urealyticum. Regarding cytokines levels, 63.6% and 90.9% of samples have not shown detectable concentrations of TNF- and IL-1β. The median concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were 107.9 pg/mL (0-517.1) and 208.1 pg/mL (0-1897.4), respectively. Interleukin-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF- concentrations were not associated with the presence of M. hominis in amniotic fluid, regardless the gestational age. No sample had detectable IL-10 levels. The histopatological analyses have shown no chorioamnionitis in any of the membranes, only a discreet mononuclear infiltration in the decidua could be observed in 40.4% of the samples. Presence of M. hominis was detected in 36.4% of amniotic fluid samples and any of them was positive for U. urealyticum. Regarding cytokines levels, 63.6% and 90.9% of samples have not... (Complete abstact click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_el_me_botfm.pdf: 250558 bytes, checksum: 70bf179aa259c3c0b523630a00bdc8c1 (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS) / A análise da evolução e principais características dos nascimentos no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2007 evidencia que mulheres com idade de 15 a 19 anos, no momento do parto, respondem por 20% dos nascimentos no país. Estudos indicam que a gravidez na adolescência, etapa da vida de 10 a 19 anos, está associada a eventos adversos no recém- -nascido como baixo peso, prematuridade e comprometimento das condições de vitalidade ao nascimento. Dois objetivos foram definidos: 1.Revisar a ocorrência de partos prematuros e de baixo peso ao nascer com a gravidez em adolescentes e sua condição socioeconômica e cultural. Analisar os nascimentos, descrevendo-os segundo características da gestação, do parto e do recém-nascido. Dois trabalhos foram realizados para responder os objetivos. O primeiro compreende um artigo de revisão de um levantamento bibliográfico onde foram identificados textos que abordam assunto e o segundo um artigo original. Neste trabalho foram analisadas 24.800 declarações de nascidos vivos, correspondentes aos partos hospitalares ocorridos no Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), no período de 1º de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. As faixas etárias maternas foram estratificadas em: adolescente precoce, idade entre 10 a 14 anos; adolescente tardia, idade de 15 a 19 anos e adultas jovens, de 20 a 35 anos. Foi utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 17.0 e aplicado o Qui-quadrado de Pearson com significância de 5 %. Rocha et al apuraram que a ocorrência de baixo peso logo após o nascimento no grupo de gestantes precoces foi muito maior (13,5%) em relação ao grupo de gestantes tardias (3,1%); identificaram no seu estudo que 91,3% das gestantes precoces possuíam somente o ensino fundamental, enquanto que as gestantes tardias representavam 55,5%. Ainda nessa pesquisa... / An analysis of the development and main characteristics of births in Brazil from 2000 to 2007 suggests that women aged 15 to 19 at childbearing represent 20% of births in this country. Studies have demonstrated that pregnancy among teenagers, a stage of life between the ages of 13 and 19, is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low-birth weight, prematurity and compromised vitality conditions at birth. Two objectives were defined:To revise the incidence of preterm births and low-birth weight in teenage pregnant mothers and their socioeconomic and cultural condition. To analyse the births, describing them according to pregnancy, delivery and newborn infant characteristics. Two studies were carried out to meet the objectives. The first one is a review article based on reference materials in which article s related to the topic were identified, and the second one, the original article. In the present study, we analysed 24.8000 declarations of live births corresponding to hospital births at the Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2009. The mother age groups were stratified in: precocious adolescent, aged between 10 to 14; late adolescent, between 15 to 19; and young adult, between 20 to 35. We used the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 and applied the Chi-square Pearson with 5% level of significance. Rocha et al concluded that the incidence of low-birth weight in the group of precocious pregnant adolescents was much higher (13.5%) if compared to the group of late pregnant adolescents (3.1%); it was also showed that 91.3% of precocious pregnant adolescents had just basic schooling while in the late pregnant adolescents, 55.5%. Still in this study it has been showed that 37.5% of precocious pregnant adolescents had poor prenatal care, having fewer than 07 visits... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This study was designed to explore possible demographic and personality correlates of pregnancy-resolution alternatives. A total of 146 female college students were given the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Intrinsic Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, a demographic questionnaire, and a Pregnancy-Resolution Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of the chi-square statistic and discriminant analysis.

Magister Artium (Medical Anthropology) - MA(Med Ant) / This study focuses on socio-cultural issues, which affect Kavango women's decision to participate in the PMTCT programme. It investigates the treatment methods used by HIV-positive pregnant women for themselves and their unborn babies, neonatally, during pregnancy and after delivery, particularly in relation to the prevention of transmission of HIV. The thesis further investigates whether women choose alternative services such as traditional healers for medical attention during pregnancy, birth and post-natally. The research aims to establish and describe the role of local notions and practices concerning anti-retrovirals on the aforementioned programme. Ethnographic and thus qualitative research methods were used to gather and analyze data. I spent three months working as a nurse in two health facilities that offer PMTCT in Rundu, Kavango. I also held semi-structured and open-ended interviews, formal and informal discussions, formal and informal focus groups with nurses, community counselors, pregnant women, women who had recently given birth in the health care facility and traditional health care practitioners. In the case of the latter, I utilized narratives of healing to understand their perception of HIV/AIDS, their beliefs and practices as well as their healing methods. Furthermore, I employed other informal conversations outside the formal research participants. The study shows that there is a paucity of partner involvement and in some cases women have to first seek permission from their partner before enrolling into the programme. My research findings further indicate that women utilized various traditional herbal medicines for themselves and their babies as part of their cultural beliefs and practices. It was evident that some of these, such as Likuki, affect women's participation in and adherence to the protocols of the PMTCT programme. / South Africa

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: The factors that underlie teenage pregnancies are complex and multifactorial. The prevailing perception is that teenage pregnancies are increasing in South Africa. However, the empirical extent and trends in teenage births in the Western Cape Province are not well understood. A systematic analysis of routine health information for the data element.Delivery in facility to women under 18 years for the period 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2012 is presented in order to contribute to documenting and understanding how this problem manifests in the Western Cape Province.Objectives:The objectives of the study were to describe the trends in the number of deliveries for women under the age of 18 years in the Western Cape Province for the period 1 April 2000 until 31 March 2012, and to compare the trends within and between districts. A secondary aim was to explore the quality and usefulness of Routine Health Information in the Western Cape Province focusing on the dataset for deliveries for women under the age of 18 years.Methods:The data for the Province extracted from the Sinjani system (the data repository for health information management in the Western Cape Department of Health) was subjected to a trend analysis at the Provincial, District and Sub-District level. The absolute numbers of all deliveries, and deliveries for women under the age of 18 years as well as proportions of deliveries for women under the age of 18 years were compared across districts, years and seasons. Results were discussed with senior managers in the Department of Health as compared to performance indicators presented in workshop settings to triangulate and help interpret findings.Findings The key finding is that both the absolute number of deliveries for women under the age of 18 years and the deliveries for women under the age of 18 years relative to all deliveries have declined steadily since 2007, while 8 absolute numbers of deliveries in 2012 were only slightly higher than in 2000-2001, despite an increase of 19.4% in the total population of the Province between 2002 and 2011. Despite the decline in the number of deliveries for women under the age of 18 years, the number of deliveries remains high. Seasonal increases in numbers of deliveries coincide with school holidays in most districts. The data analysis also revealed challenges with the quality of the data, and that it is not possible to determine the age distribution of deliveries across women under 18 years from the provincial data set. Routinely collected data do not permit analysis or comparison of births at the ward level where significant socio-economic variations are likely to influence fertility.Conclusions and Recommendations:The data did not support widespread perceptions of rapidly increasing teen births. The declining birth rates and relatively stable proportion of under 18 births relative to all births suggest that adding new indicators throughout the entire routine information system is not justified on public health or economic grounds. However, more detailed and disaggregated evidence is needed to inform locally tailored interventions and could be obtained from alternate sources of information such as point prevalence surveys, annual surveys, or data collection at sentinel sites. While teenage birth rates are not increasing, they remain high. It is recommended that additional service delivery models be explored to ensure that sexual reproductive health services are strengthened and delivered in a manner that would be acceptable to young people. Further, it is recommended that programmatic interventions that target the sexual reproductive health choices made by young people be scaled up in partnership with intersectoral partners and communities in order to mitigate against seasonal increases in the number of deliveries for women under 18 years of age.

Master of Public Health - MPH / The problem of the unmet need for contraception continues to affect contraceptive uptake particularly the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives. Globally, Sub-Saharan Africa is reported to have the highest unmet contraceptive need. For example, nearly 50 % of married women of reproductive age, wanting to avoid pregnancy or plan when to have children, are reportedly not using contraception. More specifically, the prevalence of contraceptive use, in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe where the Gweru District is situated, is estimated to be only 11%. This study examined the uptake of and reasons for use of different types of modern contraceptives; the factors influencing contraceptive use; discontinuation of use and non-use and reasons thereof for contraception and for long-acting reversible contraception in particular, amongst women in the Gweru district attending contraceptive services.

No description available.

Teenage pregnancies are often not intended, and there is a high risk that unintended pregnancies will lead to abortion. The wide-spread availability of Youth Clinics, the subsidizing of contraceptives and the introduction of new and effective contraceptives have failed to lower the abortion rates. The aim of this thesis was to study possible risk groups and to highlight underlying reasons for contraceptive failure. Methods: Study I and II were quantitative studies with the aims of investigating whether teenagers who sought emergency contraception (Paper I) and teenage mothers (Paper II) were at risk for new unintended pregnancies during a 12-month follow-up period. Study III and IV were qualitative studies. The aim in study III was to see how contraceptive use was documented in medical records (MRs) concerning teenagers who had attended for induced abortion. In study IV the aim was to find out reasons for non- use or inconsistent use of contraceptives among teenagers attending for abortion. Results: In study I and II data were collected from medical and antenatal records. The results showed that both groups, despite contraceptive counselling, were at high risk for new unintended pregnancies leading to abortion. Attendance at the postpartum visit was low and 24% of the teenage mothers did not receive any recommendation about using a particular contraceptive method. Within 12 months 25% had a new pregnancy and of these one third led to legal abortion. In Study III two themes were generated from the analysis of the MRs; ‘Contraceptive methods previously used’ and ‘Plan for future contraceptive use’. All MRs did not contain information about contraceptive use. In study IV one theme was generated from the analysis of the interview text: ‘Struggling with feelings of uncertainty and patterns of behaviour’. Conclusion: Teenagers using emergency contraceptive pills and teenage mothers were at high risk for unintended pregnancies. Contraceptive failure in teenagers who have had an abortion may be due to in part to the absence of contraceptive counselling at abortion visits and in part to problems with contraceptive use due to insufficient knowledge and not knowing what do when side-effects occurs.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-17T16:58:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina Maria Hilgert Mossmann.pdf: 1622825 bytes, checksum: b1123c243aa65678f19c4a71c0ccdf58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T16:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina Maria Hilgert Mossmann.pdf: 1622825 bytes, checksum: b1123c243aa65678f19c4a71c0ccdf58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho faz parte de um projeto maior (OSTERMANN, 2013) e procura descrever e sistematizar a empatia por meio da perspectiva interacional. Tendo sido objeto de estudo de várias áreas (filosofia, sociologia, antropologia, psicologia, psicanálise e, mais recentemente, neurofisiologia), há algumas definições para a empatia. Essas definições, no entanto, tendem a possuir caráter teórico e subjetivo, impossibilitando a compreensão de como a empatia se concretiza de fato na prática interacional. Neste estudo, quer-se avançar na descrição de empatia de modo a descobrir as maneiras com que ela se manifesta na prática por meio de análises empíricas realizadas com base nos princípios da Análise da Conversa (SACKS, 1992; SACKS, SCHEGLOFF, JEFFERSON, 1974). Os dados utilizados na realização deste estudo são provenientes de um hospital materno-infantil do Sistema único de Saúde (SUS), localizado no sul do país. Trata-se de exames de ultrassom obstétricos e morfológicos, além de ecocardiografias fetais. Esses atendimentos acontecem no setor responsável por gestações de médio e alto risco gestacional. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que a escuta ativa costuma ser um elemento-chave nas sequências interacionais em que há empatia. A ação de escuta ativa, por sua vez, está atrelada à agentividade (CLAYMAN, 2012) do/a interagente. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que as ações interacionais da paciente durante os atendimentos médicos constituem-se também em elementos fundamentais para que o médico ou a médica tenham a possibilidade de empreender ações empáticas. Percebeu-se que é na sequência de ações interacionais, ou seja, na coconstrução de uma interação, que pode ser estabelecida uma relação empática socialmente efetivada, de modo que a empatia não emerge atrelada a um único formato de turno. Foram encontradas várias recorrências, conforme análise de dados deste trabalho, em que emergem ações potencialmente empáticas, de tal modo que a empatia mostrou-se como um elemento constitutivo ou ausente das diversas camadas que formam uma ação interacional. Desse modo, uma ação interacional pode ser orientada por um “algo a mais” que, dentro de determinado contexto sequencial e interacional, a tornará empática ou não empática. Com base neste estudo, define-se a empatia como um fenômeno subjetivo que se manifesta na interação por meio de diferentes práticas e de forma a permear ações altruístas ou não. / This study is part of a larger project (OSTERMANN, 2013) and aims to describe and systematize empathy by means of an interactional perspective. Having been the subject of several fields of study (Philosophy, Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, Psychiatry and, more recently, Neurophysiology), there are some definitions to empathy. Such definitions, however, tend to be theoretical and subjective in character, hindering the comprehension of how empathy is realized in interactional practice. In this study, we aim to advance towards the description of empathy so as to reveal the ways it is manifested in practice. Such investigation is carried out by means of empirical analysis and by following the principles of Conversation Analysis (SACKS, 1992; SACKS, SCHEGLOFF, JEFFERSON, 1974). The data used in this study come from a public health system hospital (Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)), located in the southern Brazil. The data consist of interactions that took place during obstetric and morphological ultrasound exams and fetal echocardiography exams. These exams were carried out at the department of the hospital that is responsible for moderate and high-risk pregnancies. The study reveals that active-listening tends to be a key-element in the interactional sequences in which empathy is observed. The action of active-listening, on its turn, is tied to the interactant’s agentiviy (CLAYMAN, 2012). As a result, we can claim that the patient’s interactional actions during the medical consultations are fundamental elements so as the doctor may have the possibility of undertaking emphatic actions. It is in the sequence of interactional actions, that is, in the co-construction of an interaction, that a socially accomplished empathic relationship may be established. In this sense, it becomes evident that empathy does not emerge tied to a single type of turn design. The data also reveal recurrences in which actions potentially empathic emerge, so that empathy becomes apparent as either a constitutive or an absent element of the several layers that form an interaction action. As a result, an interactional action might be oriented by “something else” which, inside of certain sequential and interaction context, will make it empathic or not. Based on this study, empathy has been defined as a subjective phenomenon that emerges in the interaction by means of different practices and as a way to permeate altruistic or non-altruistic actions.