Introdução - A ressecção transuretral da próstata continua sendo uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em homens com idade acima de 50 anos e é considerada o padrão-ouro no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com sintomas de hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). Embora sua eficácia no alívio dos sintomas de pacientes com HPB já tenha sido extensamente documentada, seu impacto sobre os níveis séricos de antígeno prostático específico não é bem conhecido. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento dos níveis séricos do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral da próstata. Métodos - No período de abril de 2003 a julho de 2004, 30 pacientes portadores de hiperplasia prostática benigna, selecionados para tratamento cirúrgico por meio de ressecção transuretral da próstata foram avaliados prospectivamente. A idade dos pacientes variou de 46 a 84 anos (mediana de 68,5 anos). A avaliação pré-operatória incluiu quantificação dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior através do escore internacional de sintomas prostáticos (IPSS), dosagem sérica do PSA total, relação de PSA livre sobre total (PSAl/t) e avaliação do peso prostático por ultrassonografia transretal. Os fragmentos ressecados na cirurgia foram pesados e submetidos a exame histopatológico com coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina. Os pacientes foram avaliados após 30, 60 e 180 dias da cirurgia com IPSS, dosagem sérica do PSA total e relação de PSAl/t. Para estudar o impacto da presença de prostatite crônica sobre os níveis de PSA, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos com base na presença ou ausência de prostatite e foram comparados em relação às variáveis clínicas e níveis de PSA préoperatórios bem como evolução pós-operatória dos níveis de PSA. Resultados - Na avaliação pré-operatória, o I-PSS variou de 18 a 29, com média de 22,5 ± 2,9. O PSA total variou de 0,79 ng/ml a 33,46 ng/ml com média de 6,19 ng/ml e mediana de 3,79. A relação de PSAl/t foi de 18,18% ± 3,36. O peso prostático variou de 29,0 a 130,0g com média de 71,8g. O peso dos fragmentos prostáticos ressecados variou de 11g a 102g, com média de 29,87g ± 19,58g. O I-PSS reduziu-se significantemente em todos os momentos avaliados após a cirurgia, sendo 12,6 ± 2,0 no 30º dia pósoperatório (PO); 11,6 ± 1,6 no 60º PO; e 11,3 ± 1,8 no 180º PO (p< 0,01 para todas as comparações com o IPSS pré-operatório). O PSA total reduziu-se significantemente em todos os momentos avaliados após a cirurgia em comparação com o PSA pré-operatório, sendo 2,27ng/ml ± 2,20 no 30° PO; 1,75ng/ml ± 1,66 no 60° PO e 1,79 ng/ml ± 1,26 no 180° PO (p<0,001 para todas as comparações). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando se comparou o PSA total do 30° PO com o 60° e 180° PO (p<0,05) mas não na comparação entre o 60° e 180° PO. A relação de PSAl/t não variou de forma significante após a cirurgia em comparação com o pré-operatório, sendo 17,78% ± 8,59 no 30° PO; 18,69% ± 9,89 no 60°, e 21 ± 7,49 % no 180° (p =0,91). No exame histopatológico, foram identificados 12 (40%) pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e prostatite crônica e 18 (60%) com diagnóstico somente de hiperplasia prostática benigna. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os pacientes com e sem prostatite em relação aos parâmetros préoperatórios idade, I-PSS, PSAt, relação do PSAl/t e peso ressecado da próstata. Os níveis de PSA total pós-operatório variaram de 8,1ng/ml ± 10,2 para 2,4ng/ml ± 2,3; 1,6ng/ml ± 1,0 e 1,9ng/ml ± 0,9, respectivamente nos 30, 60 e 180 dias pós-operatórios, entre os pacientes com prostatite. Entre os pacientes sem prostatite, o PSA total reduziu-se de 4,9ng/ml ± 3,7 para 2,2ng/ml ± 2,2; 1,8ng/ml ± 2,0 e 1,7ng/ml ± 1,5, respectivamente nos 30, 60 e 180 dias pós-operatórios. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação dos pacientes com e sem prostatite em nenhum dos momentos avaliados. Conclusões - Os níveis séricos de PSA total dos pacientes com hiperplasia prostática reduzem-se significantemente após a cirurgia de ressecção transuretral da próstata, atingindo o valor mínimo de estabilização após 60 dias da cirurgia. A relação de PSAl/t não é afetada pela cirurgia. A presença de prostatite crônica não tem influencia sobre a evolução dos níveis séricos de PSA. Estes achados deverão ajudar no seguimento de pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral da próstata / Introduction - Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains as one of the most common surgeries in men over 50 years old and is considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although its efficacy in the relief of lower urinary symptoms in patients with BPH have been extensively demonstrated, it is not clear how it affects the serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of the serum levels of PSA after TURP in patients with BPH. Materials - From April 2003 to July 2004, 30 patients with BPH were selected for TURP and were prospectively evaluated. The age of the patients varied from 46 to 84 years (median 68,5 years). Preoperative evaluation included quantification of the lower urinary tract symptoms with the international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), assessment of the serum levels of total and free PSA and evaluation of the prostate weight bytransrectal ultrasound. Prostate fragments resected in the surgery were weighed and histologically evaluated. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated after 30, 60 and 180 days of the surgery, with IPSS, free-tototal PSA ratio (PSAf/t). To evaluate the influence of the presence of chronic prostatitis on the PSA levels, patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of prostatitis and compared in terms of preoperative clinical variables and PSA levels as well as the postoperative progression of the PSA levels. Results - In the preoperative evaluation, I-PSS varied from 18 to 29, with a mean of 22,5 ± 2,9. Total PSA levels varied from 0,79 ng/ml to 33,46 ng/ml with a mean of 6,19 ng/ml and median of 3,79. The mean PSAf/t ration was 18,18% ± 3,36. Prostate weight varied from 29,0 to 130,0g with a mean of 71,8g. Resected prostate weight varied from 11g to 102g, mean 29,87g ± 19,58g. A significant decrease of the IPSS was observed in all moments of postoperative evaluation, with a mean of 12,6 ± 2,0 on the 30th postoperative day (PO); 11,6 ± 1,6 on the 60 PO and 11,3 ± 1,8 on the 180 PO (p< 0,01 for all comparisons with the preoperative IPSS). Total PSA was significantly reduced in all moments of postoperative evaluation in comparison with the preoperative levels, with a mean of 2,27ng/ml ± 2,20 on the 30 PO; 1,75ng/ml ± 1,66 on the 60 PO and 1,79 ng/ml ± 1,26 on the 180 PO (p<0,001 for all comparisons). A significant difference was observed in the PSA levels of the 30 PO in comparison with the 60 and 180 PO (p<0,05) but not in the comparison of the 60 PO with 180 PO. The PSAf/t ration did not significantly varied in comparison with the preoperative values, with a mean of 17,78% ± 8,59 on the 30 PO; 18,69% ± 9,89 on the 60 PO and 21 ± 7,49 % on the 180 PO (p =0,91). On the histopathological studies, 12 (40%) patients were diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and BPH and e 18 (60%) with isolated BPH. There was no statisticaly significant differences between patients with and without prostatitis in terms of the preoperative parameters age, I-PSS, total PSA, PSAf/t ration and resected prostate weight. Among the patients with prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 8,1ng/ml ± 10,2 preoperatively, to 2,4ng/ml ± 2,3; 1,6ng/ml ± 1,0 e 1,9ng/ml ± 0,9, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. Among the patients without prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 4,9ng/ml ± 3,7 preoperatively, to 2,2ng/ml ± 2,2; 1,8ng/ml ± 2,0 e 1,7ng/ml ± 1,5, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. There was no significant differences between the groups in any of the evaluations. Conclusions - Serum levels of total PSA in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia reduce significantly after transurethral resection of the prostate, reaching the lowest stabilization value 60 days after the surgery. The PSAf/t ration is not altered by the surgery. The presence of chronic prostatitis has no influence on the progression of the serum levels of total PSA. These findings should help the clinician in the management of patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate

No description available.

In einem präoperativen Screening mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Blutungsanamnesebogens und dem PFA-100 sind primäre Hämostasestörungen häufig, sekundäre (plasmatische) selten. Nach einer positiven Blutungsanamnese können mit dem PFA-100 über 90% der Hämostasestörungen erfaßt werden. In unserer Untersuchung wären ohne den PFA-100 27% der Patienten mit Hämostasestörungen nicht erkannt worden. Wenn die standardisierte Blutungsanamnese eindeutig negativ ist, kann auf ein präoperatives Screening mit den sogenannten Routinetests (aPTT u. Quick-Wert) verzichtet werden. Wenn der Quick-Wert, die aPTT, die Thrombozytenzahl und der PFA-100: Kollagen-Epinephrin nur in den indizierten Fällen mit positiver Blutungsanamnese (11.2%) durchgeführt würden, bedeutet das in Deutschland pro Jahr eine Einsparung von 14.2 Millionen Euro. In einer eigenen ersten Untersuchung wurde die Mikroangiopathie im Bereich der nutritiven Hautkapillaren (Fingernagelfalz) erstmal beim von Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom systematisch mit der intravitalen Videokapillarmikroskopie diagnostiziert. Die Nachfolgeuntersuchung an über 500 Patienten mit Hämostasestörungen im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe an Gesunden (n=100) bestätigte die Meßergebnisse für das von Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom (Typ 1 und 2a) und zeigte eine hohen positiven predictive value von 98%. Insbesondere die einfach und schnell durchgeführte Begutachtung der Kapillarmorphologie mit Veränderungen in Form von Kapillardilatationen, Extravasaten (frische oder alte Kapillarblutungen oder Blutungssäume) und gleichzeitig vorliegender Torquierung (Schlängelung) der Kapillaren ist bereits hoch prädiktiv (98%) für das Vorliegen eines von-Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndroms (Typ 1 und Typ 2a). In dem präoperativen therapeutischen Stufenkonzept zum Management primärer Hämostasestörungen zeigt sich die gute Wirksamkeit von DDAVP. Transfusionspflichtige Blutungen können bei Patienten mit primären Hämostasestörungen durch dieses präoperative Therapieregime verhindert werden. In der Patientengruppe mit primären Hämostasestörungen ohne präoperatives blutstillendes Management steigen die durchschnittlichen Kosten für die Transfusion von Blutkomponenten um das 5-fache auf ungefähr 1700 Euro. Hierbei sind Patientengruppen aller operativen Disziplinen berücksichtigt. / In a preoperative screening using a standardized questionaire of bleeding history and the PFA-100 platelet analyzer, primary hemostatic disorders are frequently found, whereas secondary disorders are rare. In cases with a positive bleeding history more than 90% of hemostatic disorders can be identified by PFA-100 platelet analyzer. In our investigation 27% of patients with impaired hemostasis would have been missed without using the PFA-100 platelet analyzer. In cases where the standardized bleeding history is clearly negative, the "so-called" routine preoperative coagulation tests (aPTT and prothrombin time) can be left out. Assuming that PT, aPTT, platelet count and PFA-100:collagen-epinephrine would only be performed in indicated cases with positive bleeding history (11.2%), this would lead to reduction of costs of 14.2 million Euro. Our investigations started with a systematic examination of the micrangiopathy in the nutritive nailfold capillaries of patient with von Willebrand Disease (vWD) using the intravital video capillary microscopy. In a follow-up investigation microangiopathy in the nutritive nailfold capillaries was examined in more than 500 patients with hemostatic disorders and 100 healthy volunteers. The results confirmed the findings for the vWD (type 1 and type 2a) and showed a high positive predictive value of 98%. In the preoperative phased therapy plan approach in the management of primary hemostatic disorders, DDAVP shows a good drug action. In these patients, the PFA-100 platelet analyzer is able to determinate the hemostatic effect of drugs, such as DDAVP, tranexamic acid, aprotinin, conjugated estrogens and platelet transfusion. In the patient group with primary hemostatic disorders without preoperative management, the average costs for blood transfusions increases 5-fold to roughly 1700 Euro. In this consideration patients of all operative disciplines are included.

No description available.

Les tumeurs stromales gastrointestinales (GIST) sont les néoplasies mésenchymateuses les plus complexes du système gastrointestinal. Le traitement curatif standard de cette pathologie est la chirurgie avec l'obtention de marges microscopiques négatives. Les résultats impressionnants obtenus sur la prolongation de la survie avec l'administration d'imatinib (IM) chez les patients atteints de maladie métastatique et non-réséquable ont suggéré aux cliniciens que ce même médicament pourrait aussi collaborer à l'obtention de marges négatives plus aisément lors de cancer avancé. Jusqu'à présent, aucune étude prospective n'a caractérisée l'effet d'une thérapie néoadjuvante prolongée à l'IM sur la qualité de la résection chirurgicale subséquente. L'objectif de ce projet de maîtrise était d'évaluer l'efficacité de l'imatinib utilisé avant la chirurgie (néoadjuvant) jusqu'à l'obtention d'une réponse maximale, en vue d'augmenter le taux de résection microscopique complète (R0) dans le traitement chirurgical des GIST à haut risque de résection microscopique incomplète (R1) ou impossible (R2). Pour ce faire, une étude prospective multicentrique de phase II a été réalisée. Le traitement néoadjuvant à l'IM a été instauré chez des patients porteurs d'une GIST localement avancée ou métastatique. Au total, quatorze patients ont reçu une dose de 400-600 mg/d d'IM pour une durée de 6-12 mois avant la chirurgie. Quatorze patients ont été inclus dans l'étude. Onze ont eu une chirurgie à visée curative, un patient a démontré une maladie non-réséquable suite à une laparotomie exploratrice et deux patients ont refusé la chirurgie. Après un suivi moyen de 48 mois, tous les patients opérés étaient vivants et sept sans évidence de récidive. L'utilisation prolongée (12 mois) d'IM dans un contexte néoadjuvant est faisable, sécuritaire, efficace et comporte peu de toxicité. De plus, cette approche est associée à des hauts taux de résection complète (R0), tout en permettant une chirurgie moins extensive. Des études de phase III actuellement en cours sont nécessaires afin de confirmer nos résultats. / Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal malignancy of the GI tract. The current standard of care for GIST is surgical complete resection with negative margins. The agent response rate as well as survival advantages obtained with imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic and/or non-resectable GIST has lead clinicians to evaluate this therapy as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic but potentially resectable GIST. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant use of imatinib mesylate until maximal clinical response in potentially resectable GIST patients (locally advanced or metastatic), in order to provide preliminary data regarding the efficacy of this approach in the surgical treatment of GIST at high-risk of incomplete microscopic (R1) or macroscopic (R2) margins. A prospective multicenter phase II trial was designed. Fourteen consecutive patients diagnosed with advanced GIST received imatinib at dose of 400 mg/d to 600 mg/d, given from 6 to 12 months prior to surgery. Amoung the 14 patients included, 11 underwent surgery and had a complete microscopic resection (R0). After a median follow-up of 48 months, all operated patients were alive and 7 without evidence of recurrence. The prolonged use (12 months) of neoadjuvant imatinib is feasible, safe, eficient ans associated with low toxicity. Furthermore, it is associated with a high rate of microscopic resection (R0) and a less extensive surgical approach. Phase III study with higher cohorts are necessary to confirm our primary results.

Dans les élevages laitiers d’aujourd’hui, les déplacements de la caillette sont parmi les conditions chirurgicales les plus souvent rencontrées. Le pronostic pour ces pathologies est cependant très différent que l’on soit en présence d’une dilatation de la caillette à droite (DCD) ou d’un volvulus de la caillette (VC). En pratique, la distinction en période préopératoire entre ces deux conditions est difficile. Afin de limiter les pertes économiques associées aux DCD/VC, l’identification et la réforme précoce des animaux ayant le plus grand risque d’avoir une mauvaise évolution postopératoire deviennent des enjeux de premier plan. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la valeur pronostique de la L-lactatémie (LAC) mesurée à la ferme en préopératoire à l’aide d’un appareil portatif chez des vaches souffrant de DCD ou VC et de suggérer des seuils de LAC cliniquement significatifs. Nos résultats indiquent que la LAC est un bon indicateur pronostique lors de DCD/VC. Une LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L est un bon indicateur de succès chirurgical et s’avère très utile pour appuyer la décision d’opérer l’animal (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 et 93.1%). Par ailleurs, il n’y a aucun avantage économique à effectuer une chirurgie chez des vaches commerciales souffrant de DCD/VC qui ont une LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 28.6, 97.5, 75 et 84%). Par conséquent, ces animaux devraient, dans la plupart des cas, être réformés en raison de la probabilité élevée qu’ils aient une mauvaise évolution postopératoire. / Abomasal displacement is among the most commonly encountered surgical disorder in modern dairy herds. Prognosis, however, varies widely among type of abomasal displacement, and preoperative diagnostic may be difficult to assess. To control the economic loss associated with abomasal disorders, especially right displaced abomasum (RDA) and abomasal volvulus (AV), early identification and culling of animals at higher risk of developing a surgical failure (SF) would be of interest. The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic value of preoperative L-lactate concentration (LAC) measured on farm with a portable clinical analyzer for cows with RDA or AV, and to suggest LAC clinical relevant decision thresholds. Our results showed that LAC was correlated with the prognosis of RDA/AV. A LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L seemed to be good indicator of surgical success and would be useful to support a surgical decision (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 and 93.1%; respectively). On the other hand, there is no economic advantage to perform a surgery on commercial cows with RDA/AV that have LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L and these animals should potentially be culled according to their high probability of SF (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 28.6, 97.5, 75 and 84%; respectively).

The purpose of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a pre-operative health education programme provided to cardiac surgery patients at a private hospital in Gauteng. A questionnaire was used to collect data and indicated that most patients were satisfied with the pre-operative education that they received before their cardiac surgery procedure, and therefore felt well prepared for the operation. It is, however, evident that family involvement with pre-operative education was not satisfactory. This lack of family involvement is a limitation in the present programme. The study also noted that patients must be informed about visiting hours, and the intense feeling of the endotracheal tube post-operatively should be emphasised. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Preoperative safety procedure is a departmental safety goal laid down by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The providers of health care directly controlled by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic are obliged to putpreoperative safety procedure and its documentation into practice, other health care organizations are recommended this implementation. However, the Ministry does not specify the formof this procedure nor its process in the operating room, there is no uniform documentation prescribed and last but not least, it is not clearly laid down which person of the operational team is responsible for the correct implementation of this procedure. The goal of the research is to map the preoperative safety procedure in the operating theatres in selected hospitals, to compare the process of the preoperative safety procedures in the operating theatres among the addressed hospitals, to describe the competencies of perioperative nurses during the preoperative safety procedures in the operating theatres in the selected hospitals and to find out the attitude of the perioperative nurses to the preoperative safety procedure. In the selected hospitals the safety procedure is introduced and implemented in different ways. The preoperative safety procedure in the operating theatres is introduced as an administrative act, but not as a practical tool to improve patient safety. The competences of perioperative nurses in preoperative safety procedures are not clearly specified in all of the respondent hospitals. The perioperative nurses adopt entirely positive approach to that, in most cases they believe it is important for ensuring the safety of the patient.

Introdução - A ressecção transuretral da próstata continua sendo uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em homens com idade acima de 50 anos e é considerada o padrão-ouro no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com sintomas de hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). Embora sua eficácia no alívio dos sintomas de pacientes com HPB já tenha sido extensamente documentada, seu impacto sobre os níveis séricos de antígeno prostático específico não é bem conhecido. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento dos níveis séricos do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral da próstata. Métodos - No período de abril de 2003 a julho de 2004, 30 pacientes portadores de hiperplasia prostática benigna, selecionados para tratamento cirúrgico por meio de ressecção transuretral da próstata foram avaliados prospectivamente. A idade dos pacientes variou de 46 a 84 anos (mediana de 68,5 anos). A avaliação pré-operatória incluiu quantificação dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior através do escore internacional de sintomas prostáticos (IPSS), dosagem sérica do PSA total, relação de PSA livre sobre total (PSAl/t) e avaliação do peso prostático por ultrassonografia transretal. Os fragmentos ressecados na cirurgia foram pesados e submetidos a exame histopatológico com coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina. Os pacientes foram avaliados após 30, 60 e 180 dias da cirurgia com IPSS, dosagem sérica do PSA total e relação de PSAl/t. Para estudar o impacto da presença de prostatite crônica sobre os níveis de PSA, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos com base na presença ou ausência de prostatite e foram comparados em relação às variáveis clínicas e níveis de PSA préoperatórios bem como evolução pós-operatória dos níveis de PSA. Resultados - Na avaliação pré-operatória, o I-PSS variou de 18 a 29, com média de 22,5 ± 2,9. O PSA total variou de 0,79 ng/ml a 33,46 ng/ml com média de 6,19 ng/ml e mediana de 3,79. A relação de PSAl/t foi de 18,18% ± 3,36. O peso prostático variou de 29,0 a 130,0g com média de 71,8g. O peso dos fragmentos prostáticos ressecados variou de 11g a 102g, com média de 29,87g ± 19,58g. O I-PSS reduziu-se significantemente em todos os momentos avaliados após a cirurgia, sendo 12,6 ± 2,0 no 30º dia pósoperatório (PO); 11,6 ± 1,6 no 60º PO; e 11,3 ± 1,8 no 180º PO (p< 0,01 para todas as comparações com o IPSS pré-operatório). O PSA total reduziu-se significantemente em todos os momentos avaliados após a cirurgia em comparação com o PSA pré-operatório, sendo 2,27ng/ml ± 2,20 no 30° PO; 1,75ng/ml ± 1,66 no 60° PO e 1,79 ng/ml ± 1,26 no 180° PO (p<0,001 para todas as comparações). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando se comparou o PSA total do 30° PO com o 60° e 180° PO (p<0,05) mas não na comparação entre o 60° e 180° PO. A relação de PSAl/t não variou de forma significante após a cirurgia em comparação com o pré-operatório, sendo 17,78% ± 8,59 no 30° PO; 18,69% ± 9,89 no 60°, e 21 ± 7,49 % no 180° (p =0,91). No exame histopatológico, foram identificados 12 (40%) pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e prostatite crônica e 18 (60%) com diagnóstico somente de hiperplasia prostática benigna. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os pacientes com e sem prostatite em relação aos parâmetros préoperatórios idade, I-PSS, PSAt, relação do PSAl/t e peso ressecado da próstata. Os níveis de PSA total pós-operatório variaram de 8,1ng/ml ± 10,2 para 2,4ng/ml ± 2,3; 1,6ng/ml ± 1,0 e 1,9ng/ml ± 0,9, respectivamente nos 30, 60 e 180 dias pós-operatórios, entre os pacientes com prostatite. Entre os pacientes sem prostatite, o PSA total reduziu-se de 4,9ng/ml ± 3,7 para 2,2ng/ml ± 2,2; 1,8ng/ml ± 2,0 e 1,7ng/ml ± 1,5, respectivamente nos 30, 60 e 180 dias pós-operatórios. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação dos pacientes com e sem prostatite em nenhum dos momentos avaliados. Conclusões - Os níveis séricos de PSA total dos pacientes com hiperplasia prostática reduzem-se significantemente após a cirurgia de ressecção transuretral da próstata, atingindo o valor mínimo de estabilização após 60 dias da cirurgia. A relação de PSAl/t não é afetada pela cirurgia. A presença de prostatite crônica não tem influencia sobre a evolução dos níveis séricos de PSA. Estes achados deverão ajudar no seguimento de pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral da próstata / Introduction - Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains as one of the most common surgeries in men over 50 years old and is considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although its efficacy in the relief of lower urinary symptoms in patients with BPH have been extensively demonstrated, it is not clear how it affects the serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of the serum levels of PSA after TURP in patients with BPH. Materials - From April 2003 to July 2004, 30 patients with BPH were selected for TURP and were prospectively evaluated. The age of the patients varied from 46 to 84 years (median 68,5 years). Preoperative evaluation included quantification of the lower urinary tract symptoms with the international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), assessment of the serum levels of total and free PSA and evaluation of the prostate weight bytransrectal ultrasound. Prostate fragments resected in the surgery were weighed and histologically evaluated. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated after 30, 60 and 180 days of the surgery, with IPSS, free-tototal PSA ratio (PSAf/t). To evaluate the influence of the presence of chronic prostatitis on the PSA levels, patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of prostatitis and compared in terms of preoperative clinical variables and PSA levels as well as the postoperative progression of the PSA levels. Results - In the preoperative evaluation, I-PSS varied from 18 to 29, with a mean of 22,5 ± 2,9. Total PSA levels varied from 0,79 ng/ml to 33,46 ng/ml with a mean of 6,19 ng/ml and median of 3,79. The mean PSAf/t ration was 18,18% ± 3,36. Prostate weight varied from 29,0 to 130,0g with a mean of 71,8g. Resected prostate weight varied from 11g to 102g, mean 29,87g ± 19,58g. A significant decrease of the IPSS was observed in all moments of postoperative evaluation, with a mean of 12,6 ± 2,0 on the 30th postoperative day (PO); 11,6 ± 1,6 on the 60 PO and 11,3 ± 1,8 on the 180 PO (p< 0,01 for all comparisons with the preoperative IPSS). Total PSA was significantly reduced in all moments of postoperative evaluation in comparison with the preoperative levels, with a mean of 2,27ng/ml ± 2,20 on the 30 PO; 1,75ng/ml ± 1,66 on the 60 PO and 1,79 ng/ml ± 1,26 on the 180 PO (p<0,001 for all comparisons). A significant difference was observed in the PSA levels of the 30 PO in comparison with the 60 and 180 PO (p<0,05) but not in the comparison of the 60 PO with 180 PO. The PSAf/t ration did not significantly varied in comparison with the preoperative values, with a mean of 17,78% ± 8,59 on the 30 PO; 18,69% ± 9,89 on the 60 PO and 21 ± 7,49 % on the 180 PO (p =0,91). On the histopathological studies, 12 (40%) patients were diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and BPH and e 18 (60%) with isolated BPH. There was no statisticaly significant differences between patients with and without prostatitis in terms of the preoperative parameters age, I-PSS, total PSA, PSAf/t ration and resected prostate weight. Among the patients with prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 8,1ng/ml ± 10,2 preoperatively, to 2,4ng/ml ± 2,3; 1,6ng/ml ± 1,0 e 1,9ng/ml ± 0,9, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. Among the patients without prostatitis, serum levels of total PSA varied from 4,9ng/ml ± 3,7 preoperatively, to 2,2ng/ml ± 2,2; 1,8ng/ml ± 2,0 e 1,7ng/ml ± 1,5, respectively after 30, 60 and 180 days postoperatively. There was no significant differences between the groups in any of the evaluations. Conclusions - Serum levels of total PSA in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia reduce significantly after transurethral resection of the prostate, reaching the lowest stabilization value 60 days after the surgery. The PSAf/t ration is not altered by the surgery. The presence of chronic prostatitis has no influence on the progression of the serum levels of total PSA. These findings should help the clinician in the management of patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate

Bakgrund: Det är vanligt att patienter känner oro för att genomgå en operation. Bristfällig information kan skapa oro och känslan av att inte vara förberedd. Standardiserade metoden för att ge preoperativ information visar sig ha brister. Existerande forskning kring multimedia visar positiva effekter gällande patienters kunskap/förståelse, oro och förberedelse men det finns ingen överblick över befintliga studier utförda på området. Syftet med denna studie är att studera hur preoperativ information i form av multimedia kan påverka patienters grad av kunskap/förståelse, förberedelse och oro i den perioperativa perioden. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen utfördes i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Urvalsprocessen utgick från modellen PICO. Kvalitetsgranskning utfördes, 16 artiklar inkluderades, varav 14 RCT-studier. Analysen bestod av att syntetisera och summera data. Resultat: Mer än hälften av deltagarna (53%) i interventionsgruppen skattade ingen signifikant skillnad gällande oro jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Majoriteten av deltagarna i interventionsgruppen (87%) hade signifikant mer kunskap/förståelse jämfört kontrollgruppen. Gällande förberedelse kände 57% av deltagarna i interventionsgruppen sig signifikant mer förberedda jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Konklusion: Multimedia är ett effektivare verktyg för att öka patienters kunskap/förståelse och förberedelse jämfört med standardiserad vård. Multimedia är dock inte mer effektivt än standardiserad metod för att minska patienters oro. Författarna föreslår att individuellt anpassad preoperativ information kombinerat med multimedia kan tillämpas för patienter som ska genom en operation för att minska lidandet. Det finns behov av fortsatt forskning inom området. / Background: Patients undergoing surgery often experience feeling of anxiety. Lack of information is a common cause of anxiety and also provokes a feeling of not being prepared. The way patients are informed preoperatively today has clear flaws. There are studies showing benefits regarding patients’ level of knowledge/understanding, anxiety and preparedness before surgery when multimedia is used preoperatively. Reviews on the subject are lacking. Aim: To study how preoperative information given through multimedia can impact the level of knowledge/understanding, anxiety and feeling of preparedness among patients undergoing surgery. Methods: Quantitative review article. The databases Pubmed and Cinahl were used. The PICO-model was used for article selection. 16 articles were included, 14 of them were RCTs. The analysis consisted of synthesizing and summarizing the findings. Results: More than half (53%) of the patients in the intervention group did not score any significant change in level of anxiety compared to control. The majority (87%) of the patients in the intervention group had significantly better knowledge/understanding compared to control. Regarding feeling of preparedness, 57% of the patients in the intervention group feel significantly more prepared compared to control. Conclusions: Multimedia as a tool is more effective in providing patients undergoing surgery with knowledge/understanding and preparedness compared to standard care. Multimedia is not better at reducing anxiety compared to standard care. The authors suggest that tailored preoperative information combined with multimedia should be used for patients undergoing surgery. Further research is needed within the field.