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This study provides a new account of the evolution of the eighteenth-century British novel by reading it as a response to contemporary interest in, and self-consciousness about, print communication. During the eighteenth century, print went from being a marginal technology to being one with an increasingly wide circulation and a diverse range of applications. The pervasive adoption of print generated anxiety about its positive and negative effects, prompting a series of responses from writers. Examining the work of five British novelists from across the long eighteenth century, this dissertation investigates the influence of eighteenth-century philosophical thinking about human understanding and social interaction on the assumptions that these novelists made about the way their work would be received. In particular, this thesis explores the ways in which these novelists respond to contemporary philosophical ideas about the cognitive functions of the imagination by experimenting with the form of their work in order to generate new kinds of reception. But this study also shows that, while these five novelists drew on the tenets of eighteenth-century moral philosophy, their work exposed a number of the limitations of that philosophy by putting it into practice. Each chapter in this study focuses on a different aspect of the intersection of mediation and imagination. Chapter One considers the ways in which Locke's understanding of probability informed Richardson's attempts to promote specific affective reading practices with his epistolary fictions and editorial commentary. Chapter Two reads Sterne's manipulations of the material page in Tristram Shandy as an attempt to expose the limitations of print communication and to suggest new ways of reading that could overcome those limitations. Chapter Three examines the writing of Smith, Kames, Mackenzie, Reeve and Godwin in order to illustrate both the promise and the danger that these authors attribute to imaginative sympathy and to the reading practices that promote sympathetic reactions. Chapter Four explores Scott's experiments with a form of fiction that could collapse the distance between writing and orality in order to force readers to reevaluate the complex relationship of sound and writing in the establishment of communities in an age of print.

This dissertation studies visual artifacts associated with early modern theatre and book culture, and through them examines acts of communication in the marketplace. These artifacts, illustrated play-text title pages from the period 1600 to 1660, provide scholars with an opportunity to better understand the discursive power of theatre and subjects associated with drama in seventeenth-century London. This work offers a set of case studies that demonstrate how title page imagery and its circulation can contribute to our understanding of contemporary theatre culture, and addresses questions of intention, production and distribution. As well, it offers insights into early modern modes of constructing visualization. These artifacts served not only as visual reminders or interpretations of the dramatic works they represented, but were also used as powerful marketing tools that enhanced the cultural capital of the plays throughout London. The title pages were used as posters, tacked to the walls of the booksellers’ shops; the woodcuts were also repurposed, and incorporated into other popular publications such as broadside ballads, which retold the plots of the plays in musical form and were sold on city street corners. These connections raise questions about early modern forms of marketing used by publishers, and challenge the widely accepted belief that images held little value in the society and in the culture of print of the period. In addition, the distribution of these illustrations challenges the widespread conviction that early modern English culture was iconophobic, and suggests that seventeenth-century English society embraced rather than spurned visual media. Methodologically, this study is built on the foundations laid by scholars of English theatre and print culture. Within those fields, however, it has been customary to view these title page illustrations as inferior forms of representation, especially in comparison to their continental counterparts. By using tools from visual rhetoric to expand on how and what these images communicate, I am able to show the important functions they performed, and the distinct and playful way they represent complex relationships between stage and page, audience and performance, reading and spectating. These readings, in turn, enrich our historical understanding of the cultures of print and theatre, and build upon our knowledge of the interactions between these rich and important fields. Each chapter explores theoretical and contextual questions that pertain to some aspect of each illustration, as well as examining whether individual illustrations can inform us further about early modern theatrical performance practices. The introduction surveys the relevant field and introduces the theoretical resources that will be used in the subsequent chapters. Chapter Two examines the 1633 edition of Arden of Faversham and the question of whether the action in the illustration pertains to the play or to a broadside ballad that appeared in the same year. The third chapter provides a theoretical analysis of the performance of violence in the woodcut for The Spanish Tragedy, and how emphatic elements in the image may demonstrate the influence of theatrical performance upon the artist. Chapter Four explores the relationship between the title page of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay and the concept of celebrity in relation to the Tarltonesque clown character who dominates the action of the image. Chapter Five considers the problematic relationship between theatre, politics and satire in the competing engraved title pages for A Game at Chess. The conclusion draws together the findings, and points to other aspects of early modern print and theatre cultures to which they pertain.

Academic libraries are increasingly collecting e-books, but little research has investigated how students use e-books compared to print texts. This study used a prompted think-aloud method to gain an understanding of the information retrieval behavior of students in both formats. Qualitative analysis identified themes that will inform instruction and collection practices. / Selinda Adelle Berg, Clinical Medicine Librarian, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, sberg@uwindsor.ca; Kristin Hoffmann, Head, Research & Instructional Services, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, khoffma8@uwo.ca; Diane Dawson, Natural Sciences Liaison Librarian, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, diane.dawson@usask.ca

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken uppfattning några yrkesverksamma förskollärare hade om hur de själva arbetade mot förskolans läroplans strävansmål rörande barns begynnande läsande och skrivande. Studien har också gjorts med anledning av den politiska satsningen på att kompetensutveckla förskollärare med förskolelyftets kurs Barns litteracitet och matematiska gestaltande. Sex förskollärare i södra Norrland har intervjuats om deras interaktion med förskolebarnen. Av dem har tre läst kursen och tre har inte läst kursen. Detta gjordes för att se om det går att avläsa någon skillnad mellan grupperna i föreställningen om förskollärarens roll i barns intresse för skriftspråket. Ett stort engagemang genomsyrar förskollärarnas berättelser om vad de gör för att bemöta och utmana barnens begynnande intresse för ”ABC”. Resultatet visade att förskollärarna planerar och formar en stimulerande pedagogisk miljö med hjälp av texter och logotyper, för att möjliggöra ett växande litteracitetsintresse. Förskollärarna i studien inspirerade till litteracitetserövrande aktiviteter som kommunikativa lekar och uppmuntrade aktivt deltagande i högläsning och i dialog med andra framför datorn och i den övriga textmiljön. Genom aktiviteter som rim, ramsor och sånger tränades förmågan att skilja på bokstävers ljud och former, och gav möjligheter till ett lekande erövrande av litteracitet. Barnens reflektioner av dokumenterade egna teckningar gav mening åt vidare texterövrande. En liten skillnad mellan grupperna märktes genom att de tyckte sig kunna förklara matematiska ord bättre för barnen på deras nivå av förståelse efter utbildningen.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe eksperimentiškai ištirta įvairių rūšių kartono ir puskartonio savybių kaita spausdinant fleksografiniais ir ofsetiniais dažais. Ištirtos atspaudų spalvinės charakteristikos CIE L*a *b * spalvų erdvėje, išnagrinėta kartono paviršiaus šiurkštumo, mechaninio stiprumo tempiant bei atsparumo lenkiant kaita spausdinant priklausomai nuo spaudos būdo ir dažų sluoksnio storio atspaude. Taip pat ištirtos kartonų ir atspaudų trinties savybės ir nustatytos statinės (SK) ir kinetinės (KK) koeficientų vertės bei jų priklausomybė nuo prispaudimo jėgos. Šių koeficientų vertės buvo nustatytos tarp kartono ir kartono, tarp kartono ir atspaudo ir tarp atspaudo ir atspaudo bei ištirtos ST ir SK priklausomybės nuo kartono PPS šiurkštumo, dažų kiekio atspaude. Išanalizuoti darbo rezultatai ir pateiktos galimos nustatytųjų priklausomybių fizikinės priežastys. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, tyrimų rezultatai ir jų aptarimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis: 63 p. be priedo, 49 iliustr., 8 lent., 22 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / In master thesis were experimentally investigated the different types of carboard, flexographic and offset prints. The prints color characteristics of the CIE L*a*b* color space, the carboard roughness, mechanical strenght in tension and cardboard bending resistance were examined depending on the way the press and ink content on prints. Also was investigated the friction properties, static (SCOF) and kinetic (KCOF) values and of their dependence on the load. These values have been determined between the board and the board, the board and print and two prints. and the dependence of the the SCOF and KCOF values on the carboard PPS roughness, ink content on prints was investigated. The results were analyzed and presented in the fixed physical addiction causes. The Master Thesis inludes 7 parts: introductions, publications review, goal and challenges, methods, results and discussion, conclusions, bibliographical references. The Master Thesis contains: 63 pages, 49 tables, 8 figures, 22 bibliographical references.

Bakalauro darbą sudaro penkių darbų skaitmeninės spaudos kolekcija pavadinimu ,,Paukščio akimis“, šis darbas, tai tarsi dailės terapija sau, kuriame naudojant faktūrų ir linijų ritmikas, Adobe Photoshop CS4 programa, buvo kurtos daugiasluoksnės kompozicijos, kuriomis buvo norima atskleisti vidinės būsenos istoriją. Dailės terapijos tikslas - analizuoti savo meno kūrinius ir padėti sau ugdyti asmenybę. Yra manoma, kad kūrėjas norėdamas mokyti kurti kitus, visų pirma turi gerai pažinoti save. Aprašomajame darbe, taikant teorinę analizę darbams pagrįsti, buvo ieškota panašumų kitų autorių darbuose. Kadangi kolekcijoje „Paukščio akimis“ daug simbolių, tai buvo remtasi simbolisto M. K. Čiurlionio ir garsios simbolistės, siurrealistės ir realistės Fridos Kahlo kūryba. Frida tapė savo intymias gyvenimo detales, taip tarsi taikydama dailės terapiją sau. Darbams atlikti buvo pasirinkta skaitmeninės spaudos technika, prieš tai pasidomint kokie lietuvių menininkai dirba šia technika. Išanalizavus lietuvių menininkų R. Dichavičiaus ir K. Grigaliūno darbus, bei kuriant visas kompozicijas, remtasi šių autorių plastiniais kompozicijos sprendimais. Taikant interpretacijos metodą, buvo išanalizuoti kolekcijos darbai ir parengtas pasiūlyms, kaip bakalauro darbo specifiką būtų galima pritaikyti ugdymo procese, nes mokiniams būtina padėti integruotis šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje, kurioje, sparčiai plintant naujausioms medijoms, persipina technologijos ir įvairių meno sričių plastinės išraiškos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Bachelor of Arts work consists of the collection of five digital print pieces under the title “From the bird‘s sight”. This work is as if the therapeutic art for oneself in which multi-layer compositions, revealing the history of inner state, were created by the means of factures and the rhythmic of lines, with the help of Adobe Photoshop CS4 programme. The aim of the art therapy is to analyze your own works of art and to help yourself to develop as a personality. It is thought that the creator, willing to teach others how to create art, first of all has to know well himself. In the work described, similarities in different authors’ works have been looked for, while using theoretical analysis for creations to be justified. Since there are plenty of symbols in the collection “From the bird‘s sight”, the reference to creation of the symbolist M.K Ciurlionis and a famous surrealist and realist’s Frida Kahlo works was made. Frida was painting the details of her intimate life in the way, as if she applied the art therapy for herself. Digital print technique was chosen for completing the work, but before this, some investigation about Lithuanian artists, using this technique in their creation, was made. After analyzing the works by Lithuanian artists R. Dichavicius and K. Grigaliunas and while making all the compositions, it was referred to the plastic solutions of the compositions made by these artists. The whole collection of works was analyzed while applying the method of... [to full text]

媒體危機事件扮演之角色: 以台灣印刷媒體在SARS危機為例 / This study aims to explore the interaction between the media and the government during Taiwan’s SARS crisis of 2003 and observe the media’s attitude toward the government’s efforts to contain the epidemic. This paper is particularly interested understanding whether the media presented the government in a way that enabled or inhibited the government’s efforts to manage the crisis. Qualitative content analysis is used to operationalize print media’s “framing” of events. Articles are collected from two print media outlets, China Post and Taipei Times.

Introduction: Visibility within advertising can generate acceptance and normalization in society, hence it is a powerful media that is of utmost importance for the homosexual group. Portrayals in advertising equal an admission as citizens, which homosexual women are currently neglected as media circumscribe male homosexuality as norm. Knowledge of how homosexual women identifies with portrayals in advertising is currently sparse. Aim: The overall aim of this study is to satiate the gap of knowledge of portrayals of homosexual women in advertising and how the dual identity of gender and sexuality influence the interpretation of advertisements targeting homosexual women. Method: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology. The sample includes self-identified homosexual women recruited consecutively during a two-month period. In total 113 homosexual women participated in the study. To provide a realistic interpretation, actual print advertisements portraying female homosexuals were used as stimuli within the contexts of mainstream media and gay media. Results: The female homosexual group appears to be heterogeneous since the perception of the individual sexual identity and lifestyle was not aligned but rather dispersed. However, the participants’ perception of the sexual identity and lifestyle of the female homosexual group is that is a homogenous group. Conclusion: Within the female homosexual group a stigmatization exist regarding gender behaviour that does not correspond with the recurrent portrayal in advertising of homosexual women as a homogenous group.

There are high demands on flexographic print quality to be sufficiently high and consistent in order to create a competitive packaging. At the same time the production efficiency need to be high. Printers thus need to achieve the same quality every time and quickly start-up new printing jobs. To accomplish this, one needs to gain a thorough understanding of how the liquid packaging board interacts with the ink and impacts the print quality. This thesis focuses on water-based ink absorption of liquid packaging boards and particularly on a) how uniformity of ink absorption can be measured and b) to what extent the absorption characteristics contribute to print mottle in flexographic printing. The work encompasses two parts. First, an absorption non-uniformity test method has been developed using a staining technique. This method is unique as it measures how unevenly an aqueous solution is absorbed, in a short time period and without impact from surface roughness. Moreover, the contributions from white-top mottle and absorption non-uniformity can be quantified simultaneously from one single measurement. Second, a method to independently study the effects of absorption non-uniformity on print quality has been established. This is achieved by introducing artificial absorption non-uniformities with well-controlled barrier patterns. A barrier pattern may modify local pore structure and/or surface energy, hence lead to lateral absorption variations. By these means, it is possible to produce a substrate property-matrix; encompassing absorption non-uniformity and for example surface roughness. It was demonstrated that non-uniform absorption indeed has a negative impact on print quality, both on smoother and rougher boards. Low absorption made print density decrease and uneven absorption caused print mottle. This was the case when other properties of the samples were kept within a narrow range; otherwise surface roughness appeared to determine print mottle ranking.