This paper explores winter patios in Edmonton through the lens of place and climate sensitive design, then reflects upon the existing regulations that influence the design and management of winter patios in Edmonton. The City of Edmonton provides this research opportunity because it is currently pursuing the creation of a four-season patio culture in the city, and has created a strong WinterCity agenda. The introduction explores Edmonton’s local climate and its winter city strategy. This is followed by an explanation of the study’s methodology. The purpose of this thesis is to study how climate sensitive design principles can be applied to create places that attract winter activity. The research questions ask how climate sensitive design principles are currently incorporated in patios, what barriers exist to creating these spaces, and how to overcome these barriers in municipal processes. Many cities in cold climates seek ways to create vibrant, active cities through all seasons, and this study explores how climate sensitive planning principles can help create environments that invite winter activity. To answer the research question, a qualitative methodology was used to examine the case study of Edmonton winter patios using Eliasson’s (2007) concept of place and microclimate. The study identifies design weaknesses in Edmonton patios with little provision of shelter from wind, snow and rain, as well as limited consideration of snow storage and removal. Interviews and document review identify lack of interest and a lack of attention to the physical component of place as barriers to the creation of winter patios. Finally, the use of analytical tools such as urban climatic maps are suggested, as well as the introduction of microclimate standards so information about weather and microclimate can influence how physical components of place are planned and evaluated.

This thesis asks the question: how can one describe the development of gated communities in Guatemala City? It collects and analyzes data on gated communities in Guatemala City in order to explore the nature of their development in a violent geographical region, which has also been neglected by the academic community. It argues that the development of gated communities in Guatemala City does not fit the mutually exclusive ‘security’ argument as scholars have made. Instead, a mixture of economic factors, social status, weak governance, and security concerns are involved as large private corporations draw upon security-related fears, unregulated development of real estate and weak governance, resulting in a disorganized model of spatial organization. This study adds to the growing body of literature on gated communities by laying the groundwork needed to fill the gap that currently exists in Central America.

The densification of cities in Sweden often result in loss of green space and puts the beneficial values of urban green space under risk. Especially affected are the inhabitants residing in the city core. Through a qualitative case study of Sundbyberg city, this study aims to explore which features of green spaces that becomes important for residents in a city undergoing fast densification. As well as how the needs are answered from a planning perspective. In order to illustrate both perspectives, the study consists of interviews with planners and residents. The results of the study show that the few green spaces in the city core in large have been compensated with small spaces working as multifunctional places. One example of a multifunctional place is a pocket park. This, planners and residents show both a positive and negative view on. The benefits are simply about that it is needed. The disadvantages raised are mainly about the feelings of those places as private and closed space for some people, although these places origins as open space. The study shows that many similarities prevail between the planners and residents views on the different importance’s of the city’s green spaces. It also shows that there is a discrepancy between the residents experienced needs of green spaces and the planner’s vision of the citys future development. While the residents seem to want more quiet places and places for spontaneous activities, especially to meet the needs of elderly and young. The planner’s visions of the citys development seem to go more towards creating small, to some extent green, safe places which connects different parts of the city.

The picnic blanket, as a textile object, is infused with meaning by its colonial history and its inherent use. Its purpose goes beyond providing a soft and dry surface to sit on. By putting down your picnic blanket you can temporarily stake your claim on that piece of land. We might consider the picnic blanket as a private haven in a public space. The cross-over between private and public space is a dynamic environment that is established by continually interacting and adapting. By collaborating with others in a space everyone can gain some ownership of that space. Using the picnic blanket as vehicle for investigation, I explore the boundaries of private and public space. Through linking the history of picnicking with the Sublime and particularly the Female Sublime, I establish its significance and the fact that it provides a gendered space. With the help of Marcuse’s ideas on the ‘natural state’ I define the private sphere as a state of mind. I then look at that notion in relation to public space. The appropriation of public pace as described by De Certeau and the appropriation of mind space as described by Foucault set up a dynamic field by which private space is surrounded. The social navigation of our environment is the constant consideration of willingness to collaborate. It is something we are all part of, some readily, some trying to resist. Returning to Marcuse, I examine ways in which the private mind space can be preserved. It is the notion of innocence, a state of mind from before ‘the fall’, that Marcuse and others indicate as providing a barrier against surplus repression of societal judgement. The question is how to maintain this innocence. My personal investigation of innocence, which is presented in this exegesis through narrative, runs parallel to my practice.

Space organisation of urban blocks is a significant topic of urban design field to achieve correlated urban parts that enhance the variety in urban spaces. However, the rapid urban transformation experienced in the Turkish cities resulted in the generation of similar urban blocks with the lack of spatial variety. Therefore, a re-evolution of space organisation concepts for urban blocks emerges as a design problem in order to cope with the defined problem. From this point of view, the interfaces among public, common and private spaces as the formative parts of space organisation process constitute the essence of this study. Thus, the morphological elements of urban blocks as street, plot and building are constantly reshaped and redefined based on the correlations of this realms. Within this scope, Conzen&rsquo / s town plan method has been adopted in this study for Bah&ccedil / elievler Housing Cooperative Site, to reveal the transformation experienced and the changing relations of street, plot and building throughout the morphological formation processes. In the light of this problem case and method implemented, this research indicates that in Bah&ccedil / elievler, the changing relations between street, plot and buildings are an outcome of the interfaces among public, common and private regarding the permeability along boundaries. Based on this outcome, this study suggests that a new understanding of space organisation in urban blocks regarding the interfaces among public, common and private spaces as counterparts of street, plot and buildings arises as a significant issue that needs to be reconsidered by urban designers, planners, architects and public authorities while defining the design and planning process.

En 1647, dans ses Remarques sur la langue française, Vaugelas oppose « la richesse et la beauté » de la langue française aux « langues pauvres » où les équivoques « abondent ». Au XVIIe siècle en France, l’écriture familière est une pratique de la langue propre à l’espace particulier qui assume délibérément une pauvreté de langage et son équivocité. Quels enjeux les contemporains attachent-ils à ce qui est, non pas un style, mais, comme l’exprime Dominique Bouhours, un état « immature » de la langue ?Dans une première partie (chap. 1 et 2), nous nous attachons au principal modèle de l’écriture familière qui organise la discussion au XVIIe siècle : le sermo (cicéronien ou augustinien). Nous mettons alors au jour une fiction politique sous la théorisation de l’écriture familière : ce qui est en jeu dans le sermo, c’est le passage du langage des communautés primitives, langage considéré comme simple mesure affective des relations humaines à un langage différencié propre aux sociétés avancées et fondé sur la représentation et le partage du sens.Notre seconde partie (chap. 3-6) explore les bouleversements que l’autonomisation progressive de l’espace privé provoque dans la compréhension de l’écriture familière au XVIIe siècle. Aux yeux des contemporains, les usages familiers de la langue constituent à la fois une opportunité favorisant le sentiment du commun et une menace sur les ambitions civiles qui y sont attachées.Les traités sur la conversation essaient d’en limiter les dangers ; les textes libertins en exacerbent les pouvoirs de césure.Notre dernière partie (chap. 7) se consacre au théâtre de Molière. A la suite des réajustements apportés aux notions de style et de représentation par notre exploration de la théorisation classico-baroque de l’écriture familière, comment interpréter le langage comique moliéresque ?Quelles conséquences sur notre compréhension du ridicule ? / In Seventeenth-Century France, familiar writing was a language practice unique to the particular space that intentionally assumed a poverty of form and multiplicity of meanings. What issues did 17th century contemporaries see at stake in what is not a “style”, but as described by Dominique Bouhours, an “immature” state of language? In the first part (chapters 1 & 2), we will focus on the principal model of familiar writing that centers the discussion in the 17th century: the “sermo” (Ciceronian or Augustinian). Thus we will shed light on a political fiction under the theorization of familiar writing: what is at stake in the “Sermo” is the passage from a language attached to primitive communities and understood as simply an affective measure of human relations to a differentiated language,unique to societies and built on the representation and sharing of meaning.The second part (chapters 3-6) will explore the disruptions that progressive empowerment of the private space provokes in the understanding of familiar writing in the 17th century. In the eyes of those who lived in the 17th century, familiar usage of language constituted both anoccasion that preferred the feeling of community, as well as a threat to civil ambition to which it is attached. Treaties on conversation tried to limit its dangers. Libertine texts exacerbated the power of its disruptions.The last part (chapter 7) is devoted to the theatrical works of Molière. Following readjustments brought to notions of style and representation by our exploration of the classico-baroque familiar writings, how does one interpret Molière’s comic language? What are the consequences for our understanding of “le ridicule”?

Si certaines formes de violence sont aujourd'hui l'objet de toutes les attentions, d'autres comme la violence conjugale, restent tues, considérées trop souvent comme un problème privé. La violence masculine constitue une véritable atteinte aux droits fondamentaux: droit à la liberté et à la sécurité notamment. La violence conjugale, quelle que soit sa forme, présente des constantes. Ainsi ce type de violence existe dans les sociétés orientales et occidentales mais le contexte diffère. Si les violences conjugales dans les sociétés orientales notamment celle libanaise reflètent le patriarcat, la reproduction sociale et l’héritage familial et que les lois et les codes civiles favorisent le statut de l’homme, celles qui existent dans les sociétés occidentales sont reliées aux affects psychologiques, aux dissociations familiales et aux problèmes familiaux. Dans tous les pays du Moyen-Orient, comme au Liban, les femmes ne bénéficient pas pleinement de leur citoyenneté civile. Elles sont notamment spoliées de droits, privilèges et garanties de sécurité auxquelles elles devraient avoir accès. Des lois inéquitables, des constitutions discriminatoires et des préjugés culturels, qui ne les reconnaissent pas comme des citoyennes égales, entravent leur participation à la vie politique et limitent leur sécurité en matière économique, de mobilité et de protection sociale. A la différence du contexte occidental, comme en France et au Canada, où l’individu est l’unité de base de l’Etat, c’est la famille qui forme la base des Etats arabes.On tente donc de confirmer que la violence conjugale comme toutes sortes de violence, elle s’échappe à toutes nominations sociales, elle existe dans toutes les sociétés et les régions même les plus favorisées d’entre elles et elle est présente chez toutes les catégories sociales.Une approche interculturelle de ce phénomène s’avère donc nécessaire, des facteurs comme religion et migration demeurent être parfois déclenchant ou légitimant d’un tel type de violence. L’analyse psycho-sociale de plusieurs études de cas de violences conjugales ne peut que dévoiler le latent, le caché des hommes violents et des femmes violentées. / If some forms of silence are today the center of attention, other forms such as conjugal violence remain unrevealed and are often considered as private problems. Men violence is affecting fundamental rights in particular the right of liberty and security. Conjugal violence, whatever its forms are, presents some constants. This type of violence is found in oriental and occidental societies but the context differs. If conjugal violence in oriental societies particularly in Lebanon reflects the patriarchy and the social reproduction and the family inheritance, it also shows that the law and the civil codes are in favor of men. The conjugal violence existing in the occidental societies are related to psychological affects and family separations and family problems. In all Middle – Eastern countries like Lebanon, women do not benefit completely from their civil citizenship. They are despoiled of rights, and privileges and security guarantee that they should have access to. Inequitable laws, discriminatory constitutions and cultural prejudice that doesn’t take the woman as an equal citizen, hinder their participation in politics and limit to the women’s economic security going from mobility to social welfare. Unlike the occidental context where the individual unites the base of the country like in France and Canada, family constitutes the base of Arab countries.They tend to confirm that conjugal violence like any form of violence escapes from any social nominations. This violence exists in all societies and even in the most favored regions. And it also exists in all social categories.A cross-cultural approach of this phenomenon is necessary. Factors such as religion or migration launch or justify such type of violence. Psychosocial analysis of several studies made about conjugal violence unveil the latent and the hidden secrets of violent men and abused women.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sandra Aparecida Alves - 2015.pdf: 4686791 bytes, checksum: 3de6a8c0144e4ea4c7eaf87df13c210b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the last decades in the Brazilian rural areas, the agrobusiness imposed itself making stronger the large properties (estates), the transnational companies and intensifying the use of agrotoxics and the production of monoculture for exportation, instead of producing health food via the peasant agriculture. This model threats the peasants, especially the women that need to work inside and outside their houses because their families need care and food - while the men are used to search for income just outside. The low incomes that the peasant agriculture is getting during the last decades make impossible to the families to invest in technologies and habitation towards better life conditions. The federal government published, in 2009, the Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) - Rural Habitation National Program – intending to reduce the social deficit in rural habitations, but before this, in 2008, the Movimento Camponês Popular (MCP) – Popular Peasant Movement – had already accomplished a important project of rural habitation in the state of Goiás – Brazil, using other program that was, at first, oriented to urban areas. This research intends to comprehend the transformations that had occurred in the lives of the peasant women during the processes of overcoming the frontiers of the private spaces of their houses and gaining class consciousness since the moment the women started to engage in political participation and political organization in the Movimento Camponês Popular – Popular Peasant Movement – to struggle for a peasant habitation. The engagement of the women in the social movement achieved - more than the conquest of the habitation - a change in their social behavior, because the recognition of the active role of women as actors of social transformation is historically denied and this denial tends to exclude them towards a social and political invisibility. The political participation of the women in the social movement enable the visibility of their demands, defeating their isolation by going beyond the private spaces of their lives when they occupy the public spaces of the meetings, the struggles and the political decisions reunions of a social movement. / No decorrer das últimas décadas no campo brasileiro, o agronegócio se impôs, fortalecendo o latifúndio, as empresas transnacionais e intensificando o uso de agrotóxicos e a produção de monoculturas para a exportação, em detrimento da produção de alimentos e da agricultura camponesa. Este modelo ameaça os camponeses, sobrecarregando principalmente as mulheres, que têm atribuições, dentro e fora de casa, pois necessitam suprir a família de cuidados e alimentação, enquanto grande parte dos homens busca renda da “porteira pra fora”. A descapitalização sofrida pela agricultura camponesa nas últimas décadas impossibilita que as famílias façam investimentos na melhoria de suas condições de vida, como na moradia, maquinários, etc. O governo federal lançou, em 2009, o Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) com o objetivo de reduzir o déficit habitacional rural no Brasil, mas antes, ainda no ano de 2008, o MCP já tinha conseguido efetuar um importante projeto de habitação rural no estado de Goiás, ainda que mesmo através de um Programa destinado para a realidade urbana. Este estudo propõe compreender as transformações ocorridas na vida das mulheres camponesas, sua saída do espaço privado para o público e a tomada de consciência de classe a partir de sua participação, organização e luta no Movimento Camponês Popular – MCP pela moradia camponesa. O engajamento das mulheres no movimento social trouxe, além da conquista da moradia, uma mudança necessária no comportamento social delas, a quem, historicamente, foi negada o papel ativo nas transformações, relegando-se as à invisibilidade social e política. A participação das mulheres no Movimento lhes permite dar visibilidade às suas demandas, tira-as do isolamento da vida privada e insere-as no espaço público mediante sua participação nos encontros, lutas e espaços de decisão política do Movimento.

The content of the thesis is the implication of the theme of architecture and urbanism in the education of art at primary and secondary schools. Architecture and urbanism is a complex technical field and its implication can be implemented in many ways and teach the desired competencies. The aim of the work is to use the project to convince the art teachers to use the theme of architecture primarily urbanism to educate pupils in the care of the area and identify with them. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the basic concepts and principles of modern architecture and urbanism with an emphasis on the explanation of the relationship between architecture and urbanism, which are useful for successful project implementation. The project "Man among the Houses" has been elaborated in the didactic part as a detailed teaching material with a pilot implementation and subsequent evaluation. The content of the practical part is a questionnaire, which is intended to gain interest in the topic of architecture and urbanism in teaching art and to find out whether the topic of architecture in practice is taught. The last part of the work, the art project "On the Head", shows the author's artistic approach in the elaboration of the theme "Man among the Houses". KEYWORDS: art education, educational program,...

Thesis (M.A. (Political Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / During the apartheid era in South Africa, Black women were mostly oppressed members of the population. They faced the triple whammy oppression of race, sex and class which prevented them from living their lives freely. These categories of oppressions overlapped into the democratic dispensation. Although South Africa has become a democratic Republic, Black women continue to experience the triple whammy oppression of racism, sexism and classism. These oppressions are prevalent among Black women in the Mankweng community of Limpopo Province, resulting in different types of social issues. This development has motivated Black communities to employ Womanist theory or Womanism to eradicate the triple whammy oppressions and social issues that have morphed into challenges in the communities. This theory considers the element of equality from different aspects of life in the society. The aim of this study was to explore the triple whammy oppression and its role in making Mankweng Community in Limpopo Province of post-apartheid South Africa an unsafe environment. The study utilised semi-structured interviews to collect and collate data. Collected data established that Black women and men have different and similar views on the triple whammy oppression and social issues that contribute to unsafe environments for Black women in Mankweng Community of Limpopo Province. The study further established that Black women are mostly the victims of oppressions and social issues. The study further recommends that black men must be educated about the importance of women and that the philosophy of Ubuntu must be practiced in the communities of Black people in order to have safe environments for everyone.