Soit p un nombre premier, soit K/k une extension galoisienne finie de corps de nombres de degré premier à p et soit S un ensemble fini de premiers de k. Le groupe de Galois G(K,S) de la pro-p extension maximale de K non ramifiée en dehors de S est l'objet central de ce mémoire.On se place dans un premier temps dans le cas modéré : on suppose que S ne contient pas les places divisant p. Les travaux combinés de Labute, Minac et Schmidt sur les pro-p groupes mild ont permis d'exhiber les premiers exemples de groupes G(K,S) de dimension cohomologique 2. En implémentant un corollaire de leur critère dans le logiciel PARI/GP, on observe un phénomène de propagation : si k=Q et si le groupe G(Q,S) est mild, un fort pourcentage des groupes G(K,S) l'est également, pour K quadratique imaginaire. En associant au groupe G(K,S) deux graphes orientés dont les arcs sont définis par la ramification dans des extensions p-élémentaires, on démontre un critère théorique pour que ce phénomène de propagation ait lieu.On considère ensuite le cas sauvage : toutes les places au-dessus de p sont contenues dans S. Le groupe de Galois Δ:=Gal(K/k) agit sur G(K,S) ; on note G le plus grand quotient de G(K,S) sur lequel Δ agit trivialement et H le sous-groupe fermé de G(K,S) correspondant. Maire a étudié la liberté du Zp[[G]]-module H^{ab}. Nous poussons plus loin ses résultats en considérant les φ-composantes de H^{ab} sous l'action de Δ. Sous de bonnes hypothèses et sous la conjecture de Leopoldt, on démontre une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour que les φ-composantes soient libres ou non. La théorie du corps de classes permet de ramener cette condition à l'étude du régulateur normalisé, et donc à la p-rationalité du corps K. Les expérimentations faites sur PARI/GP dans des familles d'extensions cubiques cycliques, diédrales et cycliques de degré 4 du corps des rationnels corroborent une conjecture de Gras selon laquelle tout corps de nombres est p-rationnel pour p suffisant grand. / Let p be a prime number, let K/k be a Galois extension of number fields and let S be a finite set of primes of K. We suppose that the degree of K/k is finite and coprime to p. We denote by G(K,S) the Galois group of the pro-p maximal extension of K unramified outside S. We focus on this thesis on two differents aspects of this pro-p group.We are first interested in the tame case : we suppose that S does not contain any place above p. The works of Labute, Minac and Schmidt about mild pro-p groups brought the first examples of groups G(K,S) of cohomological dimension two. Using a corollary of their criterium, we compute some examples with PARI/GP and we observe a propagation phenomenum : if we take K=Q and if we suppose that G(Q,S) is mild, a large part of the pro-p groups G(K,S) with K imaginary quadratic are mild too. We then associate two oriented graphs to G(K,S) and we show a theoretical criterium proving mildness of some imaginary quadratic fields.We then consider the wild case where all the places dividing p belong to S. The Galois group Δ:=Gal(K/k) acts on G(K,S). The action of Δ is trivial on some quotients of G(K,S) ; we denote by G the maximal one and by H the corresponding closed subgroup of G(K,S). Maire has studied the Zp[[G]]-freeness of the module H^{ab}. We extend his results considering the φ-component of H^{ab} under the action of Δ. In a favourable context and under Leopoldt's conjecture, we show a necessary and sufficient condition for the freeness of the φ-components. This condition is connected to p-rational fields by class field theory. We present experiments with PARI/GP in some families of cubic cyclic, dihedral and quartic cyclic extensions of Q which support the following conjecture from Gras : every number field is p-rational for sufficiently large p.

In recent times the demand of high resolution 3D data has seen a rise, and the applications of airborne LiDAR data are increasing. Automatic extraction of building roofs is important in many of these applications such as city modelling. In 2018, Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) is planning a new flight to collect airborne LiDAR data. This data may become useful in extracting roof planes. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate automatic methods for extracting buildings from airborne LiDAR data, and to perform a quality assessment of the footprints.This thesis proposes specific methods of extraction in using software called ArcGIS Pro and FME. The method was to process raw LiDAR points by separating the ground points, and finding building points through plane detection of points in clusters. Vegetation was removed using height difference of the points and the area. Polygons were created from the building points and a quality assessment was then carried out concerning completeness, accuracy and RMSE. The result on four different data sets shows a more appropriate extraction in FME. Lower point density sometimes leads to better extraction of buildings because of less vegetation. Higher point density has the advantage of higher accuracy and can extract smaller buildings, but includes more vegetation. The proposed method is recommended for larger buildings (>25 m2) and a LiDAR point density around 12 points/m2.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of International financial reporting stan-dards for small and medium-sized enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) and their imple-mentation. Based on the questionnaire survey, the diploma thesis assesses attitude of small and medium-sized enterprises which prepare consolidated financial statement towards possible implementation of IFRS for SMEs and identifies potential benefits and obstacles of implementation of these standards. Furthermore, the diploma thesis contains a SWOT analysis of IFRS for SMEs and number of recommendations.

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é o principal ectoparasita bovino e causa importantes perdas econômicas nas criações de bovino. O controle imunológico é estudado como um método alternativo para seu controle, no entanto, uma vacina eficaz ainda necessita ser desenvolvida. A proteína BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) é uma aspártico proteinase presente no ovo do carrapato e envolvida na embriogênese, já tendo sido testada como imunógeno vacinal. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar se a inoculação de plasmídeos para expressão em células eucarióticas (BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME) contendo a região codificante para a proteína BYC poderiam gerar uma resposta imune específica. A região codificante da proteína BYC foi amplificada por PCR e clonada em dois vetores de expressão eucariotos (pcDNA3 e pME18Neo). Os clones, BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME foram utilizados para testes de inoculação de camundongos BALB/C por via intramuscular. Os camundongos receberam duas inoculações de 100 μg das construções (BYCr-PC ou BYCr-PME) e os controles negativos receberam somente PBS, pcDNA3 ou pME18Neo. A produção de anticorpos, após a inoculação, foi avaliada por Western Blotting e ELISA, sendo detectados anticorpos contra a proteína BYC nos camundongos inoculados com a construção BYCr-PC. A imunolocalização da proteína BYC nas amostras de músculo no local da inoculação foram realizadas com o monoclonal BrBm5 (anti-BYC). Estes resultados mostraram que a inoculação com o plasmídeo BYCr-PC induz a produção de anticorpos específicos e possibilita testar o uso de uma vacina de DNA como um método alternativo para o controle de carrapatos. / The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is the major bovine ectoparasite and causes important economical losses on cattle breeding. The immunologic control has been studied as an alternative method for the tick control. However, an effective vaccine remains to be developed. BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) is an aspartic proteinase found in eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and it has been proposed as a probable antigen in vaccine development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the immunization containing rBYC (rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME) could elicit a specific anti-BYC immune response in vivo. The cDNA of BYC was amplified by PCR and it was cloned into two eukaryotic expression vectors (pcDNA3 and pME18Neo). The clones, rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME, were produced in large scale for immunoassays. To evaluate the immunogenicity of BYC, BALB/c mice were immunized with DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection. The mice received two intramuscular inoculations of 100μg plasmids DNA (rBYCPC or rBYC-PME) and the negative controls received only PBS, pcDNA3 or pME18Neo. The production of antibody after the immunizations was evaluated by Western Blotting and ELISA. Antibodies against BYC in mice inoculated with rBYC-PC were detected. Immunolocalization of the rBYC protein in muscle samples from the injection site with rBYCPC was detected with monoclonal BrBm5 anti-BYC. These results show that DNA immunization produced specific anti-BYC antibodies and suggest that a DNA vaccine could prove useful to develop an alternative method for tick control.

This master´s thesis deals with the personality and works of the 20th century American composer Aaron Copland. In its first part it brings his biography together with a summary of his most important pieces. The second part of the thesis focuses on Copland?s Duo for Flute and Piano written in 1971. Besides the information about the historic context of the piece and its characteristic it contains an interpretative analysis and a parsing of the Duo?s recordings.

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é o principal ectoparasita bovino e causa importantes perdas econômicas nas criações de bovino. O controle imunológico é estudado como um método alternativo para seu controle, no entanto, uma vacina eficaz ainda necessita ser desenvolvida. A proteína BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) é uma aspártico proteinase presente no ovo do carrapato e envolvida na embriogênese, já tendo sido testada como imunógeno vacinal. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar se a inoculação de plasmídeos para expressão em células eucarióticas (BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME) contendo a região codificante para a proteína BYC poderiam gerar uma resposta imune específica. A região codificante da proteína BYC foi amplificada por PCR e clonada em dois vetores de expressão eucariotos (pcDNA3 e pME18Neo). Os clones, BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME foram utilizados para testes de inoculação de camundongos BALB/C por via intramuscular. Os camundongos receberam duas inoculações de 100 μg das construções (BYCr-PC ou BYCr-PME) e os controles negativos receberam somente PBS, pcDNA3 ou pME18Neo. A produção de anticorpos, após a inoculação, foi avaliada por Western Blotting e ELISA, sendo detectados anticorpos contra a proteína BYC nos camundongos inoculados com a construção BYCr-PC. A imunolocalização da proteína BYC nas amostras de músculo no local da inoculação foram realizadas com o monoclonal BrBm5 (anti-BYC). Estes resultados mostraram que a inoculação com o plasmídeo BYCr-PC induz a produção de anticorpos específicos e possibilita testar o uso de uma vacina de DNA como um método alternativo para o controle de carrapatos. / The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is the major bovine ectoparasite and causes important economical losses on cattle breeding. The immunologic control has been studied as an alternative method for the tick control. However, an effective vaccine remains to be developed. BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) is an aspartic proteinase found in eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and it has been proposed as a probable antigen in vaccine development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the immunization containing rBYC (rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME) could elicit a specific anti-BYC immune response in vivo. The cDNA of BYC was amplified by PCR and it was cloned into two eukaryotic expression vectors (pcDNA3 and pME18Neo). The clones, rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME, were produced in large scale for immunoassays. To evaluate the immunogenicity of BYC, BALB/c mice were immunized with DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection. The mice received two intramuscular inoculations of 100μg plasmids DNA (rBYCPC or rBYC-PME) and the negative controls received only PBS, pcDNA3 or pME18Neo. The production of antibody after the immunizations was evaluated by Western Blotting and ELISA. Antibodies against BYC in mice inoculated with rBYC-PC were detected. Immunolocalization of the rBYC protein in muscle samples from the injection site with rBYCPC was detected with monoclonal BrBm5 anti-BYC. These results show that DNA immunization produced specific anti-BYC antibodies and suggest that a DNA vaccine could prove useful to develop an alternative method for tick control.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1471.pdf: 1734309 bytes, checksum: e1a25902d99a75515b696dcd901f26a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / In animal cell cultures there are two kinds of cell death: apoptosis (programmed cell death) and necrosis (cell death due to external sources). The inovative method of cell death identification that have attracted interest is the use of fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent dye (to bind DNA and RNA). Image analysis techniques has become a useful tool in cell death quantification, once they are non destructive for the culture and have easy application with using adjusted softwares. Based in these new technological trends, the present work considers the development of a methodology for quantification of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in cultures of insect cells Drosophila melanogaster (S2). This methodology involved the development of a experimental procedure using new dyes (YO-PRO-1 and Propidium Iodide), that have presented advantages over the others because they are non destructive to the culture an are able to clearly discriminate between apoptotic and necrotic cell death. The use of this dyes was compared with the method of exclusion of Trypan blue and fluorescent dyes Acridine Orange and Ethidium Bromide. Besides being less toxic to cells S2, YO-PRO-1 and Propidium Iodide showed more sensitivity in the identification of death and in the calculation of cell viability. It also envolved the development of an algorithm based on image analysis techniques for quantification of the two kinds of cell death, less subjective than the manual methods currently used. The algorithm showed to be efficient, fast an of easy application with a error around 2% when compared to manual methodology. The calculated cell concentration by the algorithm was very close to experimental. / Em cultivos de células animais existem dois tipos de morte celular: apoptose (morte celular programada) e necrose (morte devido a lesões causadas por fontes externas). O método inovador de identificação dessas mortes de células que tem atraído muito interesse é o uso de microscopia de fluorescência e corantes celulares fluorescentes capazes de tingir moléculas de DNA e RNA. Técnicas de análise de imagem têm se tornado uma ferramenta útil nessa quantificação de morte celular, uma vez que é não destrutiva para a cultura e de fácil aplicação com o uso de softwares adequados. Baseado nessas novas tendências tecnológicas, o presente trabalho teve como meta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para quantificação de morte apoptótica e necrótica no cultivo de células de inseto Drosophila melanogaster (S2). Essa metodologia envolveu o desenvolvimento de um procedimento experimental utilizando corantes novos no mercado: o YO-PRO-1 e o Iodeto de Propídio, que têm apresentado vantagens sobre os outros corantes por não serem destrutivos para a cultura e discriminarem claramente a morte apoptótica da necrótica. A metodologia que faz uso destes corantes foi comparada com o método de exclusão por Azul de Tripan e com os corantes fluorescentes Laranja de Acridina e Brometo de Etídio. Além de serem menos tóxicos as células, o YO-PRO-1 e o Iodeto de Propído mostraram mais sensibilidade na identificação da morte e posterior cálculo da viabilidade celular. A metodologia também envolveu o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo baseado em técnicas de análise de imagens para quantificação dos dois tipos de morte celular, menos subjetiva que os métodos manuais atualmente utilizados. O algoritmo se mostrou eficiente, rápido e de fácil aplicação, gerando um erro de 2% quando comparado com a metodologia manual. Também realizou-se o cálculo da concentração celular por método computacional, ficando os valores bem próximos dos experimentais.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the progress and the status of the public and private retirement homes from the view of provided services, the capacity, financing and the participation of the public and private sector. The chosen administrative district is the district of Příbram. In the practical part there is the characteristic of selected public and private retirement homes. After this part there follows the economical and financial study regarding of development and operation of a new private retirement home. The result of the work is that it will be necessary build up other facilities providing social services to pensioners in the future. The study of the development and the operation of a new private retirement home was evaluated as the efficient one.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-09T19:36:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Érika Fernandes de Jesus - 2018.pdf: 2433810 bytes, checksum: a4e4325d9ec8f6d2eac84597e2c7dfe2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-10T11:29:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Érika Fernandes de Jesus - 2018.pdf: 2433810 bytes, checksum: a4e4325d9ec8f6d2eac84597e2c7dfe2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T11:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Érika Fernandes de Jesus - 2018.pdf: 2433810 bytes, checksum: a4e4325d9ec8f6d2eac84597e2c7dfe2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / Bj-PRO-7a, a proline-rich oligopeptide isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, was able to reduce blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive animals. However, it is not yet known whether this peptide may have beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling. Herein, we evaluate the effect of the Bj-PRO-7a in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Normotensive (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were divided into 3 groups: 1) Wistar treated with 0.9% saline, s.c.; 2) SHR treated with 0.9% saline, s.c.; and 3) SHR treated with BjPRO-7a (71 nmol/Kg/day, s.c.). The animals were treated during 28 days. The systolic blood pressure was weekly measured by tail-cuff plethysmography. At the end of the treatment, cardiac function was evaluated in isolated perfused heart preparation. The ventricular mass index was calculated by the ratio between the left ventricular weight and tibia length. The cardiomyocyte diameter and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis of the left ventricle were evaluated using the Picrossirius staining. The detection of collagen III deposition was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Fibroblast proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The expression of catalase, SOD and ERK1/2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed by Western Blot. In our protocol, the Bj-PRO-7a was unable to reduce the systolic blood pressure of the SHRs. However, this peptide attenuated the development of the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in these animals. Additionally, the deposition of the interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in SHR was significantly reduced by the treatment with Bj-PRO-7a. This peptide did not alter the collagen III deposition in hypertensive rat hearts. The Bj-PRO-7a reduced positive PCNA-labeled fibroblasts. The expression of catalase, SOD and ERK1/2 was significantly increased in SHR, but the Bj-PRO-7a attenuates this increase. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was not different in SHR hearts, but the Bj-PRO-7a increased the expression of the MMP-2 in the heart of these animals. Our findings demonstrate that the Bj-PRO-7a reduced the pathological cardiac remodeling through mechanism mediated by inhibition of the ERK1/2 and increasing MMP-2 expression. This data suggest that the Bj- xxiii PRO-7a could have a potential therapeutic for the treatment of cardiac diseases. / O Bj-PRO-7a é um heptapetídeo pertencente à família de oligopeptídeo rico em prolina isolado do veneno da serpente Bothrops jararaca. Estudos in vivo, mostraram que a administração aguda do heptaptídeo é capaz de reduzir a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca de animais hipertensos. Ainda pouco estudado e considerando os efeitos antihipertensivo e bradicardico, avaliamos o remodelamento cardíaco de animais hipertensos tratados com o Bj-PRO-7a. No presente estudo, foram utilizados ratos normotensos (Wistar) e espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) que foram separados em 3 grupos experimentais e receberam: 1) Wistar, 0,9% NaCl, (150 µl/dia, s.c.); 2) SHR, 0,9% NaCl, (150 µl/dia, s.c.); e 3) SHR tratado com Bj-PRO-7a (71 nmol/Kg/dia, s.c.). As injeções (in bolus) foram repetidas diariamente durante 28 dias. Durante o tratamento, os animais tiveram a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) mensurada semanalmente, pelo método não invasivo de plestimografia. No final do tratamento, a função cardíaca foi avaliada pelo método de Langendorff. A hipertrofia cardíaca de SHRs foi avaliada com análise dos seguintes parâmetros: índice de massa ventricular, diâmetro do cardiomiócito, fibrose intersticial e perivascular, colágeno III, proliferação de fibroblastos e expressão da catalase, SOD, ERK1/2, MMP-2 e MMP-9. Nossos resultados mostram que o tratamento crônico com Bj-PRO-7a não promoveu alterações importantes na PAS de SHRs. No entanto, este peptídeo atenuou o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos de SHRs. Apesar do Bj-PRO-7a não ter alterado a deposição de colágeno III, foi capaz de reduzir a deposição de colágeno intersticial e perivascular, bem como, a proliferação de fibroblastos em SHR. A linhagem de ratos hipertensos, tem expressão de CAT, SOD e ERK1/2 significativamente maior do que em ratos normotensos. O Bj-PRO-7a atenuou o aumento da expressão dessas enzimas / proteínas. Por outro lado, aumentou a expressão da MMP-2 ativa nos corações de ratos hipertensos. Nossos resultados mostram que o Bj-PRO-7a reduziu o remodelamento cardíaco patológico através de mecanismos mediados pela inibição da ERK1/2 e aumento da expressão da MMP-2. Dessa forma, os resultados sugerem que o Bj-PRO-7a apresenta um potencial terapêutico para desenvolvimento de fármacos para o tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares.

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é o principal ectoparasita bovino e causa importantes perdas econômicas nas criações de bovino. O controle imunológico é estudado como um método alternativo para seu controle, no entanto, uma vacina eficaz ainda necessita ser desenvolvida. A proteína BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) é uma aspártico proteinase presente no ovo do carrapato e envolvida na embriogênese, já tendo sido testada como imunógeno vacinal. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar se a inoculação de plasmídeos para expressão em células eucarióticas (BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME) contendo a região codificante para a proteína BYC poderiam gerar uma resposta imune específica. A região codificante da proteína BYC foi amplificada por PCR e clonada em dois vetores de expressão eucariotos (pcDNA3 e pME18Neo). Os clones, BYCr-PC e BYCr-PME foram utilizados para testes de inoculação de camundongos BALB/C por via intramuscular. Os camundongos receberam duas inoculações de 100 μg das construções (BYCr-PC ou BYCr-PME) e os controles negativos receberam somente PBS, pcDNA3 ou pME18Neo. A produção de anticorpos, após a inoculação, foi avaliada por Western Blotting e ELISA, sendo detectados anticorpos contra a proteína BYC nos camundongos inoculados com a construção BYCr-PC. A imunolocalização da proteína BYC nas amostras de músculo no local da inoculação foram realizadas com o monoclonal BrBm5 (anti-BYC). Estes resultados mostraram que a inoculação com o plasmídeo BYCr-PC induz a produção de anticorpos específicos e possibilita testar o uso de uma vacina de DNA como um método alternativo para o controle de carrapatos. / The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is the major bovine ectoparasite and causes important economical losses on cattle breeding. The immunologic control has been studied as an alternative method for the tick control. However, an effective vaccine remains to be developed. BYC (Boophilus Yolk Pro-Cathepsin) is an aspartic proteinase found in eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and it has been proposed as a probable antigen in vaccine development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the immunization containing rBYC (rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME) could elicit a specific anti-BYC immune response in vivo. The cDNA of BYC was amplified by PCR and it was cloned into two eukaryotic expression vectors (pcDNA3 and pME18Neo). The clones, rBYC-PC and rBYC-PME, were produced in large scale for immunoassays. To evaluate the immunogenicity of BYC, BALB/c mice were immunized with DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection. The mice received two intramuscular inoculations of 100μg plasmids DNA (rBYCPC or rBYC-PME) and the negative controls received only PBS, pcDNA3 or pME18Neo. The production of antibody after the immunizations was evaluated by Western Blotting and ELISA. Antibodies against BYC in mice inoculated with rBYC-PC were detected. Immunolocalization of the rBYC protein in muscle samples from the injection site with rBYCPC was detected with monoclonal BrBm5 anti-BYC. These results show that DNA immunization produced specific anti-BYC antibodies and suggest that a DNA vaccine could prove useful to develop an alternative method for tick control.