Ce mémoire est une mise à jour philosophique du modèle conceptuel défini par Aloïs Riegl dans son ouvrage sur Le culte moderne des monuments. Pour faire cet aggiornamento, nous présentons dans une première partie ce modèle et l'énigme qu'il contient. Dans la deuxième, nous décrivons le paradigme que les premières communautés patrimoniales adoptèrent dans l'Entre-Deux-Guerres pour la résoudre, puis nous introduisons dans la troisième les concepts qui ancrent leur paradigme dans le monde actuel et nous formulons l'énigme qu'il pose maintenant aux professionnels. Historiquement, nous démontrons ainsi la continuité de l'institution patrimoniale, d'A. Riegl à nos jours. En dépouillant les archives de la Commission internationale de Coopération intellectuelle, nous prouvons que l'ONU et l'UNESCO n'ont pas créé les réseaux de conservation que nous connaissons, mais ont hérités de ceux que la SDN et la CICI tissèrent avant-guerre en fédérant les institutions et les associations qui existaient alors. Philosophiquement, nous mettons au jour le fondement ontologique et épistémologique de l'institution patrimoniale en étudiant différents modèles conceptuels. Nous expliquons comment le réalisme structural peut concilier les théories réalistes et constructivistes qui pourraient s'opposer ici et comment l'approche processus permet d'unifier ses secteurs sans nier les différences de nature qui existent entre ses objets. Notre thèse est que l'on peut modéliser le domaine en interconnectant les points de vue de ses acteurs. Pour l'établir, nous répondons à la question de savoir ce qu'est le patrimoine, comment fonctionne son institution et sur quoi se fonde sa conservation. / This doctoral thesis on epistemology of conservation is a philosophical update of the conceptual model defined by Alois Riegl in his book on The Modern Cult of Monuments. The first part presents the model and its riddle in order to perform this aggiornamento. The second part describes the paradigm adopted by the first heritage communities between the two world wars in their attempt to resolve it. The third part introduces the concepts that connect their paradigm with the present world and formulate the riddle challenging current professionals. The author proves the historic continuity of the heritage institution from A. Riegl to our days. By examining the archives of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), he demonstrates that the UN and UNESCO didn't create the heritage networks that we know today but that they originate from the networks of institutions and associations organized by the League of Nations and ICIC before World War I. Philosophically, he brings to light the ontological and epistemological foundation of the heritage institutions by studying several conceptual models. He explains how structural realism can reconcile realism with constructivism, even as they seem to be opposite theories, and alson how the processus approach can unify its parts without negating the differences of nature between its objects. His thesis is that almost all of the domain can be modelized by interconnecting the points of view of all its actors. To establish this point, he answer the following questions : what is heritage ? How does its institution function ? What is its conservation funded upon ?

A presente tese tem como objetivo principal analisar, teórica e empiricamente, em que medida o oferecimento de um curso centrado na recepção e produção de textos em alemão como língua estrangeira colabora para o aprimoramento do conhecimento declarativo de aprendizes iniciantes, bem como de suas competências voltadas à aprendizagem de línguas no geral. A partir da elaboração de sequências didáticas ancoradas no estudo pormenorizado de três gêneros textuais distintos (biografia linguística, carta pessoal e artigo de opinião), a pesquisa se põe a investigar, empiricamente, os procedimentos adotados pelos aprendizes nas fases de planejamento, execução e revisão de sua matéria textual, próprios da abordagem de escrita voltada ao processo. Essa investigação se deu em três etapas distintas: a primeira buscou coletar dados sobre o contexto prévio em que a pesquisa seria inserida; a segunda encerra a intervenção em si, com a descrição das atividades de recepção e produção de textos e seus resultados e a terceira envolve a apreciação, por parte dos aprendizes, sobre a interface processo/produto nas atividades de escrita realizadas. Inserido nesse contexto de atuação são pormenorizadas questões relativas ao fornecimento de input linguístico dentro e fora de sala de aula, às etapas de processamento linguístico percorridas pelos aprendizes desde a recepção dos textos até sua produção, à transmissão de estratégias de aprendizagem e ao uso de estratégias de comunicação, a importância do fornecimento de modelos de texto na escrita e a promoção da autonomia através de mecanismos de autocorreção linguística. Em face dos resultados alcançados, foi possível confirmar a eficiência da adoção de uma abordagem de escrita voltada ao processo na conscientização dos aprendizes acerca das diferentes fases da produção textual e das ferramentas disponíveis para a solução de problemas na escrita, que contribuíram, por sua vez, para o aperfeiçoamento do repertório linguístico dos aprendizes, assim como de seu repertório de estratégias voltadas à produção escrita. / The major purpose of this thesis is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, the effectiveness of a writing course based on text reception and production in German as a foreign language for initial learners reffering to the development of their declarative knowledge, as well as their language learning competences. The elaboration of didactic sequences based on three different genres (linguistic biography, personal letter and article) gave support to the empirical investigation of the procedures adopted by learners in planning, executing and revising their text productions, all steps involved in Process Approach to Writing. The investigation proceeded in three stages: The first stage involved the collection of data about the previous context in which the research would take place; the second stage entailed the didactic intervention, with the description of the reception and production activities carried out and their subsequent results and the third presents the evaluation, from learners perspective, about the process-product interface that underlies the execution of the activities. Within this research context, questions regarding linguistic input suppliance inside and outside German classes will be discussed, as well as linguistic processing stages involved in the reception and production of texts. Moreover, the mediation and use of language learning and communication strategies, the role of model texts on writing accuracy and the promotion of autonomy through linguistic self-correction mechanisms were central issues for the investigation. Based on the obtained results, the efficiency of the adoption of a Process Approach to Writing could be confirmed, especially when taken into account learners awareness raising of both text production steps and available problem solving tools for writing that can contribute not only to the improvement of learners language skills but also to the increasing of their strategic repertoire for writing.

A presente tese tem como objetivo principal analisar, teórica e empiricamente, em que medida o oferecimento de um curso centrado na recepção e produção de textos em alemão como língua estrangeira colabora para o aprimoramento do conhecimento declarativo de aprendizes iniciantes, bem como de suas competências voltadas à aprendizagem de línguas no geral. A partir da elaboração de sequências didáticas ancoradas no estudo pormenorizado de três gêneros textuais distintos (biografia linguística, carta pessoal e artigo de opinião), a pesquisa se põe a investigar, empiricamente, os procedimentos adotados pelos aprendizes nas fases de planejamento, execução e revisão de sua matéria textual, próprios da abordagem de escrita voltada ao processo. Essa investigação se deu em três etapas distintas: a primeira buscou coletar dados sobre o contexto prévio em que a pesquisa seria inserida; a segunda encerra a intervenção em si, com a descrição das atividades de recepção e produção de textos e seus resultados e a terceira envolve a apreciação, por parte dos aprendizes, sobre a interface processo/produto nas atividades de escrita realizadas. Inserido nesse contexto de atuação são pormenorizadas questões relativas ao fornecimento de input linguístico dentro e fora de sala de aula, às etapas de processamento linguístico percorridas pelos aprendizes desde a recepção dos textos até sua produção, à transmissão de estratégias de aprendizagem e ao uso de estratégias de comunicação, a importância do fornecimento de modelos de texto na escrita e a promoção da autonomia através de mecanismos de autocorreção linguística. Em face dos resultados alcançados, foi possível confirmar a eficiência da adoção de uma abordagem de escrita voltada ao processo na conscientização dos aprendizes acerca das diferentes fases da produção textual e das ferramentas disponíveis para a solução de problemas na escrita, que contribuíram, por sua vez, para o aperfeiçoamento do repertório linguístico dos aprendizes, assim como de seu repertório de estratégias voltadas à produção escrita. / The major purpose of this thesis is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, the effectiveness of a writing course based on text reception and production in German as a foreign language for initial learners reffering to the development of their declarative knowledge, as well as their language learning competences. The elaboration of didactic sequences based on three different genres (linguistic biography, personal letter and article) gave support to the empirical investigation of the procedures adopted by learners in planning, executing and revising their text productions, all steps involved in Process Approach to Writing. The investigation proceeded in three stages: The first stage involved the collection of data about the previous context in which the research would take place; the second stage entailed the didactic intervention, with the description of the reception and production activities carried out and their subsequent results and the third presents the evaluation, from learners perspective, about the process-product interface that underlies the execution of the activities. Within this research context, questions regarding linguistic input suppliance inside and outside German classes will be discussed, as well as linguistic processing stages involved in the reception and production of texts. Moreover, the mediation and use of language learning and communication strategies, the role of model texts on writing accuracy and the promotion of autonomy through linguistic self-correction mechanisms were central issues for the investigation. Based on the obtained results, the efficiency of the adoption of a Process Approach to Writing could be confirmed, especially when taken into account learners awareness raising of both text production steps and available problem solving tools for writing that can contribute not only to the improvement of learners language skills but also to the increasing of their strategic repertoire for writing.

This Master's thesis analyses the company Prosport Praha s.r.o. from the perspective of Standard ISO 9001. Purpose of this study is to compare the current situation in the company with the individual requirements of Standard ISO 9001. The required changes to improve the present situation are proposed in all areas where the company does not meet ISO 9001 requirements to enable the company to achieve compliance with the standard. After the analysis the degree of present fulfilment of Standard ISO 9001 requirements is evaluated and the Quality manual of the company Prosport Praha s.r.o. is created.

Master's thesis is deals with integrated system. In theoretic part is described quality management system, environmental management system and occupational health and safety management system, main attention paid to quality in supplies. Suggestion of solving consists in proposition of new process purchase - choice of supplier, classification of supplier and index for measuring of process purchase.

This master thesis is aimed at information systems and a correct method of their selection. The theoretical part introduces the dilemma within information systems, ERP systems, their examination and selection. Fisrtly there are some analyses of the existing system operating in company and after that follows own solution which consists of information strategy determination and the selection of convenient information system.

Использование процессного подхода к ведению бизнеса, в основе которого лежит детальный анализ существующих бизнес-процессов и их последующая оптимизация, является одним из основных источников долгосрочных конкурентных преимуществ не только промышленных предприятий, но и организаций, выполняющих работы либо оказывающих услуги. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка методики принятия эффективных управленческих решений по совершенствованию системы управления бизнес-процессами некоммерческой организации. Научная новизна работы выражается в обосновании целесообразности применения теоретической базы в области бизнес-процессов к некоммерческой организации, не преследующей цели извлечения прибыли, с применением универсальной процессной модели фреймворк APQC PCF. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности применения описанных алгоритмов совершенствования системы управления бизнес-процессами в деятельности любой организации, имеющей целью повысить свою эффективность за счет повышения процессной зрелости. / Using a process approach to doing business, which is based on a detailed analysis of existing business processes and their subsequent optimization, is one of the main sources of long-term competitive advantages not only for industrial enterprises, but also for firms that provide services. The aim of the master's thesis is to develop a methodology for making effective decisions to improve the business process management system of a non-profit organization. The scientific novelty of the work is expressed in substantiating the appropriateness of applying the theoretical base in the field of business processes to a non-profit organization that does not pursue the goal of making profit, using the universal process model of the APQC PCF framework. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the described algorithms for improving the business process management system in the activities of any organization with the goal of achieving high efficiency by increasing process maturity.

В российском образовании активно прослеживается тенденция цифровизации, особенно показавшая себя в период изоляции в результате COVID-19. Дистанционное обучение в период пандемии указало на недостатки образовательного процесса, подсветило пробелы в знаниях учеников, а также указало на необходимость обучения и повышения квалификации педагогов-репетиторов в связи с ростом числа репетиторов. Внедрение образовательных технологий в процесс обучения без изменения классического бизнес-процесса не позволяет не только получить ожидаемую эффективность, но и может снизить ее, как это показывают результаты обучающихся в 2020 г. При этом при определении результатов эффективности от внедрения технологий необходимо опираться не только на качественные показатели, но и количественные. В работе представлена разработка образовательного онлайн-курса для обучения репетиторов авторской технологии решения текстовых задач по естественно-научным дисциплинам Сетевой инженерно-технической школы, а также разработка бизнес-процессов обучения ученика с репетитором с применением онлайн-курса по технологии решения задач на специализированной IT-платформе и оценка эффективности внедрения нового бизнес-процесса. / The digitalization trend is actively observed in Russian education, especially during the period of isolation because of COVID-19. Distance learning during the pandemic pointed to the shortcomings of the educational process, highlighted gaps in the knowledge of students and pointed out the need for training of tutors due to increasing number of tutors. The introduction of educational technologies into the learning process without changing the classical business process does not allow to obtain the expected efficiency, but can also reduce it, as the results of students in 2020 show. At the same time, when it’s determined the results of efficiency from the technologies implementation, it is necessary to rely not only on qualitative indicators, but also on quantitative ones. The paper presents the development of an educational online course for training tutors of the author's technology for solving text exercises in the natural sciences of the Network Engineering School, as well as the development of business processes for teaching a student with a tutor using an online course based on technology for solving exercises on a specialized IT- platform and evaluating the effectiveness of implementing a new business process.

To work effectively in the new economic environment, many companies need to go through a difficult but inevitable stage of increasing the efficiency of business processes through digital transformation. The paper considers the main aspects of changing business processes related to the sustainable development of companies in the digital economy. The main solutions for increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises through the use of a digital model are proposed. / Для эффективной работы в новой экономической среде многим компаниям необходимо пройти через сложный, но неизбежный этап повышения эффективности бизнес-процессов путем цифровой трансформации. В работе рассмотрены основные аспекты изменения бизнес-процессов, связанные с устойчивым развитием компаний в цифровой экономике. Предложены основные решения повышения эффективности промышленных предприятий с помощью использования цифровой модели.

Foundation Programme (FP) students at the University of Namibia (UNAM) Oshakati Campus display inadequate academic writing abilities. As their aim is to gain admittance to UNAM main campus science-related courses, it is vital to have effective academic writing skills. This action research (AR) study is a comparison of three writing programmes, the process approach, the modeling approach, and the process genre approach which were implemented separately to three different class groups in 2008 and 2009 to improve the writing skills of students and the teaching practice of the researcher. The effects of the interventions were examined using a combination of the quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data were collected using questionnaires, pre- and post-intervention essays and laboratory reports and interviews. The findings indicate that all three approaches improved the academic writing skills of FP students. The process genre approach had a higher rate of effect than the other two approaches. / English Studies / M. A. (Specialisation TESOL)