Denna uppsats undersöker eventuella samband mellan kommunens utbildningsresurser, kommun- och elevspecifika bakgrundsfaktorer och elevernas studieresultat genom att skatta en utökad pedagogisk produktionsfunktion. Syftet är att undersöka om resultaten från tidigare studier på främst skol- och elevnivå också får genomslagskraft på kommunnivån, under inverkan från såväl gamla som nya variabler, som inte skattats i en pedagogisk produktionsfunktion förut. En långsiktig och en tid- och kommunspecifik modell skattas med hjälp paneldata över Sveriges kommuner under åren 2000 till 2006. Resultaten visar sig överensstämma med de från tidigare studier på lägre aggregerade nivåer. De flesta av de nytillkomna variablerna visar ingen statistisk signifikans och av de två modeller som skattas så talar mest för den som tar hänsyn till tid- och kommunspecifika faktorer. / This essay investigates possible connections between municipal educational resources, municipal- and student-specific factors of background, and the results of the students by estimating an extended educational production function. The aim is to investigate if the results from previous studies primarily on school- and student level also come through on municipal level, under influence of old as well as new variables, never before estimated in an educational production function. Two models are estimated, one covering for long run perspectives and one for time- and municipal specific factors, using panel data on Swedish municipalities between the years of 2000 and 2006. Results are comparable with the ones from previous studies on lower levels of aggregation. Most added variables turn out to be statistically insignificant, and of the two models estimated, results speak in favour of the one controlling for time- and municipal specific factors.

In this study an attempt has been made to explore the role of technology transfer in the economic growth of Iraq, through the change in the technology itself for the period 1960-1978. For this purpose the economy was disaggregated into seven sectors. The experience of developed countries has shown that technical change is one of the most important factors of economic growth alongside, or even overshadowing, such factors as labour and capital. In the light of technology transfer, developing countries have the advantage of introducing high levels of advancement of knowledge which can be used to induce domestic technical change at later stages. Technical change is normally defined as a shift in the production function, and for this reason two forms of production function were estimated and tested, i. e. the constant elasticity of substitution and the Cobb-Douglas function. Also two specifications (constant and variable) were assigned to technical change. To validate the use of these, statistical tests were conducted to establish the optimum fit. Then the selected form was used to simulate output levels for comparison with actual figures. The techniques used for estimation are both linear and non-linear. Data used are time series in real terms of capital stock and output, as well as number of persons employed. Furthermore in order to judge the importance of technical change to the growth of output on aggregate and sectoral levels, as regards economic growth, comparisons were drawn with existing data from other developed and developing countries, including centrally planned economies.

The elasticity of factor substitution between capital and labor is a crucial parameter in many economic fields. However, despite extensive research, there is no agreement on its value. Utilizing 738 estimates from 41 studies published between 1961 and 2016, this paper provides the first meta-regression analysis of capital-labor substitution elasticities for the U.S. economy. We show that heterogeneity in reported estimates is driven by the choice of estimation equations, the modeling of technological dynamics, and data characteristics. Based on the underlying meta-regression sample and a "best practice" specification, we estimate a long-run elasticity in the range of 0.6 to 0.7. For all estimated elasticities the hypothesis of a Cobb-Douglas production function is rejected.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T17:25:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Núbia Adriane da Silva_.pdf: 2095388 bytes, checksum: 2998bd3ae68dccc87f8777a000b19914 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T17:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Núbia Adriane da Silva_.pdf: 2095388 bytes, checksum: 2998bd3ae68dccc87f8777a000b19914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Tendo em vista a globalização, com o consequente acirramento da concorrência entre as empresas e países, as empresas necessitam buscar, dentro de um amplo conjunto de alternativas, desenvolver métodos gerenciais que potencializem sua competitividade por meio da valorização de atributos ligados ao Sistema de Produção. Os princípios, métodos e técnicas ligados à melhoria nos sistemas produtivos têm tido maior aplicação e visibilidade em grandes empresas industriais. Nesse contexto geral, cabe tratar das empresas do setor têxtil que representam um segmento de mercado em expansão, pouco estudado em relação à utilização de métodos e técnicas modernas de Gestão da Produção. Este estudo apresenta uma proposta de um instrumento para mapear os pontos de melhoria da Função Produção (Função Processo e Função Operação) em micro e pequenas empresas industriais a partir dos princípios do Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP) e da Teoria das Restrições (TOC). A ideia é explicitar que melhorias significativas no sistema produtivo tendem a auxiliar na melhoria do ambiente organizacional e da competividade das empresas. Esta pesquisa utilizou como base metodológica o Design Science Research. Os elementos utilizados para o desenvolvimento do método foram: a) construção do referencial teórico; b) elaboração do questionário; c) pré-teste e readequação do questionário; d) trabalho de campo (levantamento de dados no campo); e) descrição crítica dos casos; e f) proposição do instrumento. O desenvolvimento e a avaliação do instrumento foram realizados em empresas do setor têxtil localizada na cidade de Paraíso do Tocantins, no estado do Tocantins. Dessa forma, apresenta-se um instrumento voltado a diagnosticar e verificar as potencialidades de melhoria das micro e pequenas empresas do setor têxtil abordando a Função Produção. Com sua aplicação, pode-se verificar a adequabilidade de utilização do mesmo, frente ao ambiente organizacional, facilitando ao gestor propor melhorias direcionadas, visando sanar problemas encontrados, ampliar a produção e a lucratividade da empresa. / Owing to globalization and the consequent increase in competition between companies and countries, companies need to seek, among a wide range of alternatives, develop management methods that enhance their competitiveness by valuing attributes linked to the Production System. The principles, methods and techniques related to improvement in production systems have had greater application visibility and in large industrial companies. In this general context, it is dealing with textile companies representing a market segment growing, little studied in relation to the use of modern methods and techniques of production management. This study presents a proposal for an instrument to map the improvement points of the Production Function (Function Process and Function Operation) in micro and small industrial enterprises from the principles of the Toyota Production System (TPS) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC). The idea is to make it clear that significant improvements in the production system are likely to assist in improving the organizational environment and the competitiveness of enterprises. This research used as a methodological basis the Design Science Research. The basis for the development of the method were: a) construction of the theoretical framework; b) preparation of the questionnaire; c) pre-test and re-adaptation of the questionnaire; d) field work (data collection in the field); e) critical description of cases; and f) instrument proposition. The development and evaluation of the instrument were performed in textile companies located in Paraíso do Tocantins, in the state of Tocantins. This way, it presents a focused instrument to diagnose and verify the improvement potential of micro and small companies in the textile sector facing the Production Function. With its application, it is possible to check the suitability of using it, opposite the organizational environment, facilitating the manager to propose targeted improvements, aimed at remedying the problems encountered, increase production and profitability.

Criada na década de vinte, a função de produção Cobb-Douglas é, ainda hoje, muito popular na literatura microeconômica. Contudo, durante o século XX, o desenvolvimento da informática e das telecomunicações possibilitou diversas mudanças na forma de gestão das firmas. Como exemplo, é possível citar a implantação de sistemas integrados de gerenciamento e o crescente investimento em pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) de novos produtos e processos, bem como a qualificação da sua mão-de-obra via treinamento. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se propõe a identificar a influência das variáveis gerenciamento, P&D e treinamento de mão-de-obra na função de produção de empresas do setor de bens de capital brasileiro. Para tanto serão desenvolvidos modelos econométricos, baseado em uma função Cobb-Douglas modificada, com especificações que contemplem a inclusão de tais variáveis. / Built in the twenties, the production function Cobb-Douglas is still very popular in the microeconomic literature. However, during the twentieth century, the development of computing and telecommunications has enabled several changes in companies management. As an example, we can mention the implementation of integrated management systems and the increasing investment in research and development (R&D) of new products and processes as well as the qualifications of its manpower through training. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the influence of the variables management, R&D and manpower training in the production function of companies in the brazilian capital goods sector. In order to achieve the proposed objective, this work will develop some econometric models, based on a modified Cobb-Douglas function, with specifications that address the inclusion of such variables.

Faculty research productivity studies typically focus on the scholarly performance of the individual researcher, although environmental and organizational conditions that are largely outside of the researcher’s control can significantly impact that performance. From an institutional effectiveness perspective, it is imperative for the higher education administrators and leaders who share the responsibility of managing and supporting their university’s research enterprise to understand how the institutional environment itself impacts the productivity of its research community. In this sequential mixed methods study, a quantitative framework was tested for assessing institutional effectiveness in research administration based on the assertion that this concept can be measured indirectly, at the departmental level, based on the calculation of a program’s residual scholarly output. This is the difference between the actual amount of scholarly output a program produces compared to the predicted amount of scholarly output that its resources suggest it is capable of producing. The assumption is that the institution’s effectiveness in supporting research is largely reflected by the extent to which a program over- or under-produces scholarship based on its level of resources. The residual scholarly output was calculated for each Ph.D.-granting biomedical engineering program in doctoral universities with a Carnegie classification of “highest research activity” for the period of 2014 through 2016. A sampling of those programs that achieved among the highest and lowest residual productivity levels then became the subject of a qualitative inquiry where researchers and administrators were interviewed with two goals in mind. The more ostensive goal was to reveal what factors, characteristics, resources, and conditions distinguish under- and over-producing programs for the purpose of informing best and worst practices in research administration. Equally important, the second goal was to determine if the quantitative framework was actually successful in distinguishing institutional effectiveness in supporting research. The study concludes that the quantitative framework proved to be a successful method for detecting institutional effectiveness in supporting research, and that the primary distinguishing characteristic between high and low-functioning environments was how well programs were able to reduce the general administrative burdens that researchers face, particularly in grant management and the operation of research laboratories.

大都市憑著其高度的聚集經濟、高生產力，而不斷地吸引人口及產業的進入，造成小都市相對劣勢。面對此一現象，政府應如何擬訂一適宜之都市發展政策，實有深入研究之必要。因此，本研究欲探討都市規模與都市生產力二者間之關係，希望從都市生產力之觀點，能提供合適的都市發展政策，以供政府參考之用。 　　針對上述，本研究擬利用Alonso及Schaefer都市模型來探討影響台灣地區都市規模變化之因素，進一步利用Translog生產函數求其規模報酬，藉以判斷都市生產力之高低。最後，則利用Translog生產函數與資本、勞動二條報酬分額方程式透過ISUR來探討不同都市規模要素報酬之問題。 　　經本研究實證結果得到以下幾個結論： 　　一、外部因素如：周圍地區對都市中心產品之需求、生產更高階產品之規模效果是影響都市規模、生產力變化之重要因素。 　　二、從連續型生產函數可得台灣地區都市規模與都市生產力二者間有正向關係的存在。 　　三、因限資料問題，無法進一步分析台灣地區生產要素所得分配問題。 　　四、針對不同規模報酬狀態的都市，有以下幾點都市發展建議: 　　　1.面對處於遞減規模報酬狀態的都市，應透過階層的提高，吸引各種經濟活動的進入，以提昇其生產力。 　　　2.面對處於固定規模報酬狀態的都市，應減少政府干預政策。 　　　3.面對處於遞增規模報酬狀態的都市，應避免外部不經濟的產生。 / The advantages of large urban areas, such as high degree agglomeration economy、high production, attract the entrance of population and industries. Thar will result in the disadvantage of the small city. How does the goverment play? The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between urban size and urban area production. Further more, I would like to give some suggestions about urban development policy. 　　In this study, I uses Alonso's and Mills's urban model to discuss what kind of factor will effect urban size and production. Next, I judge urban production through the returns of scale of different urban hierarchy, and use the translog production and the share functions of capital and labour to discuss the income distribution offactors. 　　According to the result of this study, we have several solutions: 　　1.External factor will effect the change of urban size and urban production. 　　2.According to the continuous hierarchy, there is a positive relationship between urban size and urban production. 　　3.Because of data, we can't discuss the income distribution of factor in Taiwan. 　　4.Regarding urban development policies: 　　　(1) when urban area exhibits DRS, it is necessary to move up the hierarchy for continuing urban growth. 　　　(2) when urban area exhibits CRS, goverment should not interrept urban development. 　　　(3) when urban area exhibits IRS, goverment should not generate external diseconomy.

依據天津市於改革開放後（1978年~2010年）農業投入產出資料建立了隨機邊界生產函數模型，並對天津農業生產效率進行了測算和分析。研究結果發現天津的農業增長主要依賴流動資本的投入，另因天津市地理環境因素，溫度高低及降雨量多寡在農業生產效率中也具有關鍵影響力，農業生產技術效率水準隨時間增加有逐漸提升趨勢，政府財政支農及農業貸款的數字逐年提升，但研究結果顯示政府財政支農金額及農業貸款對於天津農業生產效率無影響。 / Based on the agricultural input and output data from Tianjin City after the reform and opening (1978~2010), a random marginal productivity function model was built. And tests and analyses regarding the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City were performed. According to the research results, the agricultural growth in Tianjin City mainly depended on the input of current capital. In addition, due to the geographic and environmental factors in Tianjin City, temperature and rainfall both played an important role in the agricultural production efficiency. The agricultural production technology level had been increasing with time. The amounts of the government’s financial support for agriculture and agricultural loans had been increasing year by year. However, the research results show that these amounts had no influence on the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City.

This report describes the aim, scope, underlying literature and results of the research project "The Nexus between the Financial and the Real Sector". We studied the contribution of the financial sector as a whole and its individual segments (bank credits, the issuance of bonds and shares) to real economic growth in EU Member and Candidate Countries, the United States and Japan. We supplement existing approaches with the inclusion of the bond market and of foreign direct investment in the banking sector, wherein for the first time, we provide empirical evidence for slightly positive effects thereof. Methodically, we extend previous research by the production-function approach and document the importance of the market microstructure. We recommend to include liberalisation and integration effects, the bond and insurance sector, and effects of foreign bank entry and investment into future research on the Finance-Growth-Nexus. (author's abstract) / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

This thesis studies the relative efficiencies of public and private universities in Turkish higher education system in producing human capital output for the economy in 1998-2002 period, by aiming at to propose a resource allocation policy for the realm of higher education to be pursued by the government. For this purpose, it develops a model which is built on the academic quality and per student expenditure variables of the public and private universities in producing human capital output, and calibrates it with Turkish higher education data. The results of the calibrated model have revealed that the resources devoted to higher education were allocated inefficiently between the public and private universities in Turkish higher education system in the above mentioned period. It is shown that the implementation of the government policy, which is proposed by study, helps the higher education market approach to Pareto optimum allocation of higher educational resources between public and private universities.