Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur tidigare forskning beskriver erfarenheter av att vara förälder till ett barn med autism, samt hur professionellt stöd och informellt stöd påverkar föräldrarnas vardag. Den metod som har tillämpats i denna studie är en litteraturstudie som kallas för Scoping study. Resultatet visar att föräldrar till barn med autism i Sverige och i flera andra länder har både negativa och positiva erfarenheter av att ha barn med autism. De föräldrar som hade negativa erfarenheter upplevde att barnet påverkade familjens vardag negativt då de blev tvungna att förhålla sig till barnets behov som även hade inflytande på föräldrarnas sociala relationer. Föräldrarna upplevde att de hamnade i ett utanförskap och kände att de blev stigmatiserade av omgivningen samt att deras sociala interaktion minskades. Andra föräldrar med positiva erfarenheter hävdar att deras barn gett dem möjligheter till personlig utveckling, stolthet över deras föräldraroll, upplevelser av framgång och känsla av empowerment. Föräldrar till barn med autism har även olika erfarenheter gällande professionellt stöd. Majoriteten av familjer upplever att professionellt stöd leder till stress och att deras barn blivit feldiagnostiserade samt att de professionella haft okunskap gällande barnets diagnos. Samtidigt anser andra föräldrar att de fått kunskap och stöd samt att de professionella hjälpt dem att hantera deras barns diagnos. När det gäller det informella stödet, beskriver föräldrar att stöd från familj och vänner har varit hjälpsamt och fungerat som emotionellt stöd.

Debido a la pandemia, la población a nivel internacional fue prácticamente aislada del exterior. Desde las escuelas, trabajos y la mayoría de los negocios tuvieron que optar por la modalidad remota. Cada grupo enfrentó sus propias dificultades para apartarse a un mundo donde depende del uso de dispositivos tecnológicos, las limitaciones y los cuidados que debían tomarse. Asimismo, enfrentaron los variados sentimientos que se producían al ver las noticias, conllevando que algunos desarrollaran estados psicológicos no muy saludables. Como hecho de mención, a muchos padres se les agregó la tarea de encargarse de la educación de los menores del hogar; tratando de dedicar horas a enseñarles y luego se quedaban sin tiempo que podría ser dedicado para la interacción y juegos. Por ello, se ha propuesto iniciar un plan de negocios; que considera todo lo anterior y desarrolla una aplicación que busca ayudar a los padres y menores, desde el apoyo en la relación familiar hasta ofrecer asesorías profesionales, denominado FEELBEAR. Se debe resaltar que la aplicación da la opción de elegir peluches virtuales personalizados con audios de los familiares, lo cual busca que el menor se sienta más a gusto con su uso. El objetivo del proyecto es que los padres interactúen más con los menores y se tenga un apoyo psicológico profesional para sobrellevar el estrés acumulado obtenido por la pandemia. En un plazo de 3 años se tiene un VAN acumulado de 664, 507 soles incluyendo la inversión realizada y los gastos necesarios para su eficiente funcionamiento. / Due to the pandemic, the international population was practically isolated. From schools to jobs and most businesses had to close and opt for the remote mode. Each group faced its own difficulties by separating into a world where it depends on the use of technological devices, the limitations and the care that had to be taken. Likewise, face the various feelings that were produced when watching the news, leading to some developing unhealthy psychological states. As a fact of mention, many parents were assigned the task of taking care of the education of the minors in the home; trying to spend hours teaching them and then ran out of time that could be dedicated to interaction and games. Therefore, it has been proposed to start a business plan; that considers all the above and develops an application that seeks to help parents and children in the home, from supporting the family relationship to offering professional advice, called FEELBEAR. It should be noted that the application gives the option of choosing personalized virtual plush toys with family members' audios, which seeks to make the child feel more comfortable with their use. The objective of the project is that parents interact more with minors and have professional psychological support to cope with the accumulated stress obtained by the pandemic. In a period of 3 years, there is an accumulated NPV of 664,507 soles including the investment made and the necessary expenses for its efficient operation. / Trabajo de investigación

Background Involuntary family separation due to forced migration is a particular form of suffering to which contemporary methods of psychosocial support seem scarce. It has been shown to cause mental and physical impairments that are often misdiagnosed for pathologies. Migrants who endure such trauma may have prolonged feelings of ambivalence for resettling and impaired conditions for integration. Aim Based on such research and reports, this study attempts to find appropriate measures of inter-personal psychosocial support that may improve resilience and wellbeing to live under such conditions. While building upon Social Work ethics, it targets both professional and non-professional providers of psychosocial support.  Methodology Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with informants from Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, and Syria. All had resettled in Sweden and been separated from their families due to migrating. The interviews explored psychosocial measures that they had received and their own resources for coping. The data was then analysed through Thematic Analysis. Result The results are presented in three overarching themes. The first indicates that psychosocial support is an ambiguous term that was described in manners that contradicts a duality of professional and non-professional support. The two following themes describe support from the informants’ surrounding networks and their own attitudes and efforts of coping. These themes present a “map” of psychosocial needs that can orient support providers to suitable interventions. Discussion and conclusion The study concludes that psychosocial support for migrants in separation benefits of being looked upon from a holistic perspective of needs. Western dualities of professional and non-professional support are not the primary concern in such crises. The findings imply that providers of support do well in bridging the gap to others and collectively fill such necessities. Providing access to community, acknowledgment, and a sharing of the efforts to reunite are means to help the separated find purpose in seemingly purposeless suffering. Methods of coping are own ways to endure the distress of separation. Supporters may help to explore such strategies while remembering cultural variations of perspectives on stress and support.

The English learner (EL) population in the United States continues to grow. To improve their pedagogy in working with this population, many educators have received training in English as a Second Language (ESL), but the gap between ELs and their native English speaking peers persists. When teachers engage as members of professional support networks, they are more likely to successfully implement the strategies learned in their ESL professional development (Echevarria, Richards-Tutor, Chinn, & Ratleff, 2011). This study considered the nature and function of the professional support network of a district's ESL-endorsed teachers. Using network theory methods, 257 teachers and other school personnel responded to an online survey. Through an understanding of the professional support needs of these teachers, whom they contact for support, and the nature of those ties (in terms of reciprocity, homophily, frequency, influence, and relational embeddedness), district and school administrators can be better positioned to enhance successful professional support networks and facilitate the implementation of effective teacher practices learned through professional development. Based on the findings, practical suggestions are given to help district administrators strengthen these professional support networks with the intent to maintain compliance with governmental standards, help schools to meet federally and state-mandated progress requirements, and have a positive academic impact upon English-language learning students.

WHO rekommenderar exklusiv amning i sex månader och därefter delamning i två år eller längre. Amning och bröstmjölk har flera hälsofördelar för både mamma och barn. Amningsfrekvensen har minskat både globalt och i Sverige de senaste åren. Stöd vid amning har en positiv inverkan på amningen. Tidigare forskning har visat att mammor avslutar amningen tidigare än önskat och att distriktssköterskan har en betydelsefull roll i att stödja, främja och skydda amning. Därav är det angeläget att få ökad förståelse kring fenomenet och få mer kunskap om distriktssköterskors upplevelser. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser av att ge amningsstöd inom barnhälsovården. En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes där distriktssköterskor intervjuades. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta distriktssköterskor. Datamaterialet analyserades enligt innehållsanalys och två generiska kategorier framträdde Förmåga att identifiera individuella förutsättningar och behov och Förmåga att ge amningsstöd påverkas av olika förutsättningar. Resultatet visar att distriktssköterskorna upplever att de ger mammorna ett individuellt professionellt amningsstöd. I diskussionen framkom att ge amningsstöd är mångdimensionellt. Diskussion fördes kring betydelsen av att involvera medförälder, att ge amningsstöd vid hembesök samt ett gemensamt amningsstöd i hela vårdkedjan. Vidare diskuterades vikten av vårdande relation. Genom ett holistiskt förhållningssätt kan distriktssköterskan ge ett professionellt amningsstöd med utgångspunkt ur mammans och familjens livsvärld. Resultatet av studien kan vara av värde för vidare reflektion hos distriktssköterskor inom barnhälsovården. / WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and then partial breastfeeding for two years or more. Breastfeeding and human milk have several health benefits for both mother and child. Breastfeeding has decreased both globally and in Sweden in recent years. Breastfeeding support has a positive impact on breastfeeding. Previous research has shown an earlier cessation of breastfeeding by mothers than desired and that the primary health care nurse has an important role in supporting, promoting and protecting breastfeeding. Hence, it is important to obtain an increased understanding of the phenomenon and gain more knowledge about the experiences of primary health care nurses. The aim of this study is to describe primary health care nurses' experiences of providing breastfeeding support in child health care. A qualitative method with an inductive approach was used where primary health care nurses were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight primary health care nurses. The data material was analyzed according to content analysis and two generic categories emerged. Ability to identify individual conditions and needs and Ability to provide breastfeeding support are affected by different conditions. The results show that the primary health care nurses feel that they provide an individual professional breastfeeding support. In the discussion, it emerged that providing breastfeeding support is multidimensional. Using a holistic approach, the primary health care nurse can provide professional breastfeeding support based on the life world of the mother and the family. This knowledge can be of value for further reflection by district nurses in child health care.

This study focuses on the induction of novice teachers in Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in Gaborone, Botswana. The point of departure is that induction is an important factor that is essential to the success of every beginner teacher. It is the responsibility of the school management to provide comprehensive induction programmes that will support beginner teachers and retain them in the teaching profession. This problem was investigated by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation using a qualitative approach. A small sample of beginner teachers in six selected schools in Gaborone formed the sample for this study. Findings indicated that the extent to which novice teachers are given professional guidance and support in schools is not enough. It is recommended that induction programmes receive more priority in schools since the first year of teaching is the most important determiner in the teaching career of an individual. / Education management / M.Ed. (Education Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agda Malheiro Ferraz de Carvalho.pdf: 1068504 bytes, checksum: e5fe279cce1332da2e518398a83a4741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the professional practice of school inclusion agents (SIAs), in order to understand the senses and meanings constructed by one of them about his job. It is worth mentioning that the term SIAs refers to persons that provide assistance and care to students with disabilities attending regular schools. The research was conducted in a small county near the city of São Paulo (SP), where the SIA (Joseph) was interviewed. The data was recorded, transcribed, systematized and analyzed following the proposal of Aguiar and Ozella (2006, 2013) and Aguiar, Machado and Soares (2015), authors linked to the Sociocultural Psychology. It was found that Joseph came to the profession through public tender, with little information about what his task should be. Doing it, he came to realize the need to improve his interventions with the students, so that they could be active participants in the teaching-learning-evaluation process. The respondent s many frustrations seem to arise from the ambiguity between what he does and what he believes he should do, since he perceived the difficulties faced by students with disabilities and also those involved in dealing with them. Thus, the understanding of what is to be and to act as an SIA can help to better define what is expected of them in terms of providing support and education to students with functional differences, an essential feature of a truly inclusive education / O objetivo deste estudo foi ampliar os conhecimentos acerca da atuação profissional de agentes de inclusão escolar (AIEs), buscando apreender sentidos e significados dessa atuação. Vale dizer que o termo AIE nomeia os profissionais de apoio ou auxiliares, que atuam nas escolas regulares, junto aos alunos com deficiência. A pesquisa foi realizada em um município da Grande São Paulo, onde se entrevistou um agente de inclusão escolar (José); foi também gravada, transcrita, sistematizada e analisada na perspectiva seguindo a proposta de Aguiar e Ozella (2006, 2013) e Aguiar, Soares e Machado (2015), autores vinculados à Psicologia Sociohistórica. Nesse sentido, construíram-se núcleos de significação, que permitem maior aproximação das zonas de sentido. Na análise de dados, constatou-se que José chegou à profissão por meio de concurso público, com poucas informações sobre qual seria seu trabalho. Ao realizá-lo, percebeu a necessidade de aprimorar suas intervenções junto aos alunos para que eles participassem efetivamente do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As muitas frustrações do entrevistado parecem decorrer da ambiguidade entre o que ele faz e o que acredita ser sua função, na medida em que se dá conta das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos com deficiência e, também, das suas ao com eles lidar. Assim, a compreensão do que é ser e agir como um AIE pode auxiliar a melhor definir o que se espera desse profissional em termos de atendimento às necessidades de apoio aos alunos com diferenças funcionais, na expectativa de se alcançar uma educação efetivamente inclusiva

This study focuses on the induction of novice teachers in Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in Gaborone, Botswana. The point of departure is that induction is an important factor that is essential to the success of every beginner teacher. It is the responsibility of the school management to provide comprehensive induction programmes that will support beginner teachers and retain them in the teaching profession. This problem was investigated by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation using a qualitative approach. A small sample of beginner teachers in six selected schools in Gaborone formed the sample for this study. Findings indicated that the extent to which novice teachers are given professional guidance and support in schools is not enough. It is recommended that induction programmes receive more priority in schools since the first year of teaching is the most important determiner in the teaching career of an individual. / Education management / M.Ed. (Education Management)

En el Perú, los casos de diabetes mellitus van en aumento conforme menciona la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, (2019). Ello se evidencia con el hecho que, en un grupo de cien peruanos, cuatro de ellos son pacientes diabéticos. Dicha cifra motivó la investigación del segmento y se cuestionó el estilo de vida de dichas personas. De ello, surgió la idea de Easy Life para tratarse de un modelo de negocio basado en la implementación de un aplicativo para sobrellevar la diabetes. De esta manera, Easy Life se compromete a brindar apoyo y mejoras en el estilo de vida de las personas diabéticas con dieta y actividad física acorde a sus necesidades. Por ello la propuesta de valor implica brindar una lista de servicios enfocados en el usuario para que puedan sobrellevar su diagnóstico.  En el presente trabajo se ha realizado la investigación y análisis de la viabilidad del modelo de negocio. Por ello, se desarrollaron diversos tipos de validaciones tanto con potenciales clientes, socios como expertos para conocer el desempeño real del proyecto. Además, se han llevado a cabo concierges con la finalidad de evaluar las intenciones de compra de los planes mensuales. Ello se originó con especial detalle en el cumplimiento de cada cuadrante del Business Model Canvas que se refleja tanto en el plan de marketing como en flujo financiero junto con la proyección de ventas. De esta manera, se plantea la evolución del modelo desde la idea hasta el desarrollo de la misma. / In Perú, diabetes mellitus cases are increasing according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey, ENDES, (2019). This is evidenced by the fact that in a group of one hundred Peruvians, four of them are diabetic patients. Such figure motivated the investigation of that segment, and their lifestyle was questioned. From this, Easy Life became an idea to be a business model based on the implementation of an application to cope with diabetes. In this way, Easy Life is committed to providing support and lifestyle improvements for diabetics with diet and physical activity according to their needs. Therefore, the value proposition involves providing a list of user-focused services to help them cope with their diagnosis. In the present investigation, research and analysis of the viability of the business model has been carried out. Therefore, different types of validations were developed with potential customers, business partners and experts in order to know the real performance of the project. In addition, concierges have been executed in order to evaluate the acquisition behaviour on the monthly plans. It originated with special detail in the fulfilment of each quadrant of the Business Model Canvas which is reflected in the marketing plan as well as in the financial flow in conjunction with the sales projection. In its entirety, the evolution of the model from the idea through to the development of the idea is thus shown. / Trabajo de investigación

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