Open source intelligence (OSINT) has always been strongly tied to the information and communication technology (ICT) of the day. This paper is an examination of the current state of OSINT as it relates to ICTs by looking at overarching problems that exist across multiple types of collection methods, as well as looking at specific cases where there are issues, such as China and the Middle East, and ending with some minor recommendations on how to fix or minimize the issues highlighted. / text

Abuse is a serious and underreported problem that is prevalent among women with disabilities in the United States. Studies show that the percentage of women with disabilities who have been abused is approximately 62-67%; these women experience all kinds of abuse for significantly longer periods of time. Because rehabilitation professionals have been one of the primary service providers for people with disabilities, the purpose of this study was to investigate rehabilitation professionals' Practices on helping abused women, by surveying a cross-section of rehabilitation professionals to determine their knowledge of, self-assessment concerning, and opinions about helping female consumers with abuse issues. A sample of 183 male and female professionals working in the rehabilitation field was invited to complete an electronic 53-item questionnaire developed for this study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Demographic characteristics of the participants were used as independent variables and the total mean scores of measures of their abuse-related knowledge, opinions, and self-assessments were used as dependent variables. Three null hypotheses were addressed for this study: (1) there is no difference due to gender in subscale scores on the Rehabilitation Professionals' Practices on Helping Abused Women with Disabilities Scale (RPPHAWD); (2) there is no difference due to experience in subscale scores on the RPPHAWD; and (3) there is no difference due to certified rehabilitation counselor (CRC) status in subscale scores on the RPPHAWD. The hypotheses were tested using a 2 x 2 x 2 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), and three individual Univariate Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were run for each of the three subscales separately to determine where the significances may have occurred. Three principal findings resulted from the study: (1) gender was found to be statistically significant (p < .05) on subscales 1 and 3; (2) experience was not found to be statistically significant; and (3) certified rehabilitation counselor status as well as the two and three-way interactions were not found to be statistically significant. The findings may be useful in guiding policy makers and curriculum developers considering whether to include topics concerning the dynamics of violence in rehabilitation educational curricula. Such topics to be considered would include concepts and theories, history and characteristics, assessment, intervention, and prevention of abuse, with an emphasis on violence involving people with disabilities. A proposed rehabilitation education curriculum for the study of the abuse and maltreatment of people with disabilities is included in Chapter Five. / text

Bakgrund: Över hela världen lever människor med HIV, en kronisk infektion som påverkar individens immunförsvar. Dessa människor har varit en utsatt grupp för diskriminering av samhället under flera år. Det vilar ett etiskt ansvar hos sjuksköterskan att bemöta och vårda människor på lika villkor samt med respekt för den personliga integriteten. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur människor som lever med HIV upplever möten med vårdpersonal. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudkategorier: Att bli dömd och diskriminerad, Känslan av att vara smittsam, Känna tillit eller misstro samt Att bli respekterad. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan har möjligheter i mötet med människor som lever med HIV, att verka för att individens känslor av utanförskap samt inskränkande av den personliga integriteten reduceras. Då patientens unika erfarenheter och behov tas tillvara i mötet beskriver människor med HIV upplevelser av att bli sedd för den person de är. Vilket är av värde i omvårdnaden, då målet för sjuksköterskan är att stärka patientens hälsoprocesser och verka för en individanpassad vård. / Background: People are living with HIV all over the world, a chronic infection that affects the individual's immune system. These people have been a vulnerable group, discriminated by society for several years. There is an ethical responsibility of the nurse to respond to and nurture people on equal terms and with respect for the personal integrity. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how people living with HIV experience the encounter with healthcare professionals. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review based on eight qualitative scientific articles. Results: The results revealed four main categories Being judged and discriminated, Feelings of being contagious, An emotion of trust or distrust and Being respected. Conclusion: The nurse has opportunities in the meetings with people living with HIV, to ensure that the individuals’ feelings of alienation and restrictive of personal privacy are reduced. When the patients’ unique experiences and needs are utilized in the meeting, people with HIV describes that they are being seen for who they are. Which is in the value of nursing care where the aim of the nurse is to strengthen the patients’ health processes and promote individual care.

The overall research objective is motivated by two simultaneous developments. On the one hand, due to globalization and fast changing markets, organizations face increasing pressure to stay competitive and to survive in these fast changing environments. To innovate, organizations rely on recruiting and developing their workforce. As the individual is the source of innovation, an ever increasing emphasis is placed upon individual innovativeness and in particular in the investigation of sources of individual innovativeness. Leaders are essential in the promotion of employees´ innovativeness and leadership is proposed as one of the most influential predictors of individual innovativeness. In the view of innovation pressure and demographic changes, it is important for organizations to shed light on their young professionals, especially on their young professionals’ innovativeness, as they are the future workforce. This is especially important for leaders who aim to support the innovativeness of their young professionals. Nevertheless, the importance of young professionals’ innovativeness in the retail industry is still underestimated. Hence, organizations and especially leaders may benefit greatly from being aware of their young professionals’ innovativeness as one possibility to face the challenges of innovation pressure.

This study aimed to explore how the experience of previous mental-health problems affects clinical and counselling psychologists’ approach to practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six clinical and four counselling psychologists who had experienced mental-health difficulties. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Analysis of the interviews highlighted five master themes: Use of the personal-self of psychologist; Ambivalence; Identity as a psychologist; Psychologists as agent of change; and Finding meaning in suffering. The results of this research showed that psychologists with a history of mental-health problems actively draw upon their experience. In managing their dual identity of service-user and professional, they reported a degree of ambivalence which influenced the way that they viewed themselves and their practice. Their personal experiences seemed to be closely tied up with their professional-identity, which either conflicted with their sense of self or complemented it through highlighting how fortunate they were compared to others. The interviews frequently highlighted how psychologists’ experiences can provide an impetus to speak out for patients’ rights to ensure that they are treated with respect and dignity. A number of psychologists with an experience of mental-health difficulties felt that they might not have pursued their career had they not had previous mental-health difficulties. There appeared to be mixed findings concerning whether the participants felt that their mental-health difficulties had helped or hindered their practice.

One segment of the academic community that is overlooked in most research is the large cadre of professionals who deliver a multitude of services to students outside of the classroom. From the perspective of students, the student affairs professionals they encounter in the residence halls, advising offices, and within other aspects of the campus life fabric, are the face of the university. This case study of student affairs professionals within four departments at one large, public, Research-I University seeks to define the core values of the work, understand perspectives on the individuals they work with, how practice unfolds within the organization context of the campus, and what values guide practice. The literatures drawn upon include; student affairs ideology, service delivery patterns and techniques, institutional theory, professional specialization, and trends in higher education. The findings from this study illustrate that the work experiences of student affairs professionals are dominated by brief encounters with students that occur within a work environment that is frequently overwhelming. High volumes of students seeking service and limited opportunities to develop ongoing relationships create challenging work expectations for student affairs professionals. The core values of the profession are in transition as institutional priorities that focus on efficiency and competitive advantage become further established within academe. Policy recommendations for the student affairs profession and institutional decision makers are made in the final chapter.

Bakgrund: Dagens forskning visar på att det finns en oengihet om orsaken bakom fibromyalgi. Ålder, etnicitet eller social status spelar ingen roll, alla kan drabbas, dock finns det forskning som visar att kvinnor drabbas oftare än män.. De mest framträdanden symtomen är värk, stelhet och trötthet. Den behandling som erbjuds denna patientgrupp är oftas symtomlindrande behandling. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av mötet med vården för patienter med fibromyalgi. Metod: Författarna har valt att göra en litteraturöversikt av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som har fokus på patienters upplevelse av att leva med fibromyalgi och mötet med vården. Författarna valde Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori med fokus på kommunikation och mellanmänskliga relationer. Resultat: Resultatet visar att patienter med fibromyalgi upplever att sjukvårdspersonal ifrågasätter deras trovärdighet och inte tar deras problem på allvar. Vidare visar resultatet att sjukvårdspersonalen kategoriserar dessa patienter efter stereotypa rolluppfattningar och möter dem utifrån deras förförståelse om vad fibromyalgi är eller inte är. Diskussion: Denna studie visar att sjukvårdspersonal utgår från sin egen eller andras objektiva bedömning av patientens situation istället för patientens unika upplevelse i mötet med dessa. Författarna gör då tolkningen utifrån resultatet och utifrån Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori att sjukvården brister i deras förmåga att lära känna och kartlägga patientens behov. / Background: The cause for fibromyalgia is not known. Age, ethnicity and social status doesn´t matter. The most prominent symptoms are pain, stiffness and fatigue. The treatment for fibromyalgia is limited, it is often a combination of pain relief, physical activity and lifestyle changes. Nurses working with fibromyalgia patients have an important role in education and informing patients about their disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe patient with fibromyalgia and their experience of the encounter with the health care. Method: A literature review of eight scientific articles, with the focus on patients’ experience of living with fibromyalgia and the encounter with the health care. The authors chose Joyce Travelbees theoretical framework for their literature review. Result: The result shows that patient with fibromyalgia experience that health care professionals question their credibility and that they don’t take their problems seriously. Furthermore the result showed that health care professionals categorized these patients by stereotypical role perceptions, and encounters these patients by their pre-understanding about what fibromyalgia is or is no. Discussion: This study shows that health care professionals meets these patients, based of their own and others objective assessment of the situation, instead of being based on the patient´s unique perception of their situation. The authors make the interpretation based on the result and Travelbees nursing theory that health care professionals lack in their ability to know and to identify the patient´s needs.

Bakgrund: Flyktingar lider ofta i hög utsträckning av ohälsa. Arbetet med denna patientgrupp ställer krav på sjukvårdspersonal, vilka bör besitta en djupare förståelse för de individuella behov som kan förekomma hos flyktingar. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att beskriva personalens erfarenheter av arbetet och mötet med patienterna på en vårdmottagning för flyktingar. Metod: Studien är av deskriptiv kvalitativ design med intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Urvalsgruppen var samtlig verksam sjukvårdspersonal vid utvald vårdmottagning. Data insamlades med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans innehållsanalys. Resultat: Personalen upplevde arbetet på vårdmottagningen som tidskrävande och oförutsägbart. Särskild kompetens som personalen gav uttryck för att de själva besatt var bland annat ett intresse för asylfrågor och transkulturella relationer, erfarenhet av att arbeta med flyktingar samt vana av att samarbeta med tolk. Känslomässiga svårigheter i arbetet som identifierades var bland annat att ta del av patienternas traumatiska bakgrund, samt känslan av otillräcklighet då patienterna många gånger var i behov av mer än bara sjukvård. Patienternas behov av stödsamtal var större än resurserna räckte till. En önskan om utökade personaltjänster och lokaler uttrycktes, dock betonades vikten av att verksamheten skulle förbli en samlad enhet. Slutsats: En medvetenhet om hur kulturella kontexter påverkar människor samt en medvetenhet om sin egen förförståelse och eventuella fördomar, visades vara eftersträvansvärt hos sjukvårdspersonal som vårdar flyktingar. Egenskaper som visade sig vara viktiga hos sjukvårdspersonal, som vårdar flyktingar, var att ha ett öppet förhållningssätt, ett holistiskt synsätt på individen samt en övertygelse om människors lika värde. / Background: Refugees often suffer from a high degree of illness. The work of this group of patients requires that health care professionals should possess a deeper understanding of the individual needs that may affect refugees. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the staff’s experiences of the work and the meeting with patients at a health clinic for refugees. Method: A descriptive qualitative study using interviews as data collection method. The selection group were all the active health care staff who worked at the clinic. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis. Findings: The staff experienced work at the medical clinic as time consuming and unpredictable. Special skills that the staff expressed that they themselves possessed included an interest in asylum issues and transcultural relationships, experience of working with refugees and accustomed to working with an interpreter. Identified emotional difficulties in the care of refugees was to take part of the patients’ traumatic background, and the feeling of inadequacy when the patients often were in need of more than medical care. Patients’ needs for counseling were greater than available resources. A need for increased staff services and working space were expressed, however the importance of the care unit as one single unit was emphasized. Conclusion: Awareness of how cultural contexts influence people and awareness of her own preconceived ideas and possible prejudices, was found to be desirable of clinicians who care for refugees. Characteristics that proved to be important for health care professionals, caring for refugees, was to have an open approach, a holistic approach to the individual and a conviction of human equality.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur behandlingspersonal vid en opiatmottagning i en stor stad i Sverige ser på substitutionsbehandling och vilken betydelse behandlingsformen har för klientgruppen. Studien baseras på fyra kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal som har olika professioner (kurator, sjuksköterska, läkare samt psykolog) vid en för studien relevant behandlingsenhet. För att analysera det inkomna materialet har följande fem teorier använts: biologiska teorier, systemteorier, stämplingsteori, behavioristiska teorier samt psykodynamiska teorier/anknytningsteori. Resultaten visar att personalen överlag har en liknande syn på bakgrunden till ett drogmissbruk då samtliga anser att orsaken beror på både genetiska och sociala faktorer. Personalen anser även att behandlingsenhetens klienter är i behov av kemiskt framställda opiater (buprenorfin eller metadon) för att kunna bryta med sitt drogmissbruk, detta då det bidrar till att klienterna kan börja fokusera på andra livsområden utöver droganvändandet. Vidare visar resultaten att personalen anser att behandlingens längd varierar från individ till individ. Gruppen opiatberoende anses vara en resurskrävande grupp och önskemål finns gällande bättre samarbete med – för klienten – relevanta myndigheter. Sammanfattningsvis anser personalen att klienterna – genom behandlingen – får hjälp att uppnå ett drogfritt liv, bli en del av samhället, känna sig tillfreds med sig själva; genom detta får klienterna ett bättre och mer stabilt liv. / The purpose of this study is to examine how personnel working at a opiate substitution treatment clinic in a large city in Sweden view the treatment method and how important they reckon that the treatment is for the clientele. The study is based on four qualitative semi-structured interviews with a professional team that consists of counsellor, nurse, doctor and psychologist. To analyze the data the following five theories have been used: biological theories, system theories, labeling theory, behavioristic theories and psychodynamic theories/attachment theory. The results show that the professional team generally have a similar view on the background variables of drug addiction as they generally believe it depends on genetic and social factors. The main consensus of the team is that the clients are in need of chemically manufactured opiates (buprenorphine or methadone) to end their drug addiction because it helps the clients to focus on other areas, besides drugs, in their lives. The results also show that the team believe that the length of the treatment varies from individual to individual. Opiate addicts are considered to be a resource-demanding group and the team would like a better co-operation with relevant authorities. In conclusion the personnel believe that the clients – with help from the treatment method – can reach a life without drugs, become a part of the society and feel satisfied with themselves; with this the clients get a better and more stabile life.

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