In today’s competitive environment, the survival of a company greatly depends on its ability to win over customers. Competition is constantly evolving and improving the marketing strategies and tools adopted by firms. In order to succeed in such an environment, it is vital to maintain a competitive advantage and always be a step ahead of the rest. The first part of this dissertation will examine several marketing tools and methods, which will enable a company to maintain and expand its customer base. The second part will apply these methods to a real life company Temex Ltd. and evaluate the success of the adopted changes.

Bakgrund: Övervikt är ett ökande problem världen över och är den främsta orsaken till ohälsa bland barn samtidigt som risken att bibehålla övervikten som vuxen är stor. Detta kan leda till flera olika folksjukdomar och påverka folkhälsan globalt. Skolsköterskor har en betydelsefull roll i att tidigt uppmärksamma övervikt hos barn och arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av det hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbetet i grundskolan med barn som har en övervikt. Metodbeskrivning: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats tillämpades vid studiens genomförande. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med 11 skolsköterskor från södra till norra Sverige utgjorde datainsamlingen. Dataanalysen genomfördes med manifest innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: I det bearbetade intervjumaterialet framkom fyra kategorier: Betydelsen av att bedöma barnets övervikt, Skolsköterskans förhållningssätt i hälsosamtalet, Vikten av samverkan med föräldrar vid bedömd övervikt och Vikten av att se möjligheter och utmaningar i arbetet mot övervikt. Slutsatser: Det är betydelsefullt att skolsköterskan tar hänsyn till barnet som helhet där stöd utifrån Swansons omvårdnadsteori kan stödja barnet att uppnå välbefinnande. För att möjliggöra detta behöver riktlinjer utvecklas för att vägleda skolsköterskor i arbetet då de är en nyckelperson i det hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbetet mot barnets övervikt. / Background: Overweight is an increasing problem worldwide and the main reason for morbidity among children. At the same time, there is a great risk of maintaining excess weight in adulthood, which can cause chronic diseases and affect the public health globally. School nurses have an important role to inform parents about overweight and unhealthy habits for children, as well as contributing knowledge of healthy lifestyles. School nurses have an important role to identify overweight in an early stage and work with health promotion and prevention. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe school nurses' experiences of the health promotion and prevention in primary school among children who are overweight. Method: The study was made using qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews with 11 school nurses´ from southern to north of Sweden constituted the data collection.  The data analysis was carried out with qualitative content analysis. Result: Four categories emerged in processed study material: The importance of identifying the child's overweight, School nurse's approach in the health dialog, The importance of cooperation with parents in the case of assessed overweight, The importance of seeing opportunities and challenges in the work against overweight. Conclusion: It is important that the school nurse takes the whole child into account, where support based on Swanson's nursing theory can support the child to achieve well-being. To enable this, guidelines need to be developed to guide school nurses in their work as they are a key person in the health promotion and prevention work against child overweight.

Remote working is on the rise. It is a work form that has been attributed with both positives and negatives in comparison to the traditional on-site work. A previously unexplored aspect of remote working is how career progression of employees maybe affected by this work form. This study investigates career progression in the remote working context, specifically how both subordinates and managers perceive this aspect, in comparison to on-site work. The study is based on a qualitative method approach, with data collection from 14 semi-structured interviews, including subordinates and managers selected through purposive sampling. A thematic template analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results show a general perception from subordinates that remote working hinders career progression in terms of recognition from management and the chances for promotions, while other aspects connected to a more modern career view, such as well-being, flexibility, and job-satisfaction, is perceived to been hanced. The managers expressed the same perceptions, resulting in the conclusion that the general perception is that remote workers need to spend at least some time on-site to be able to reach a comprehensive career progression.

Bakgrund Typ 2 diabetes är en snabbt växande kronisk sjukdom som förväntas öka kraftigt runt om i världen och leder till svåra komplikationer. Hälsofrämjande arbete är en central dimension vid typ 2 diabetes som ger patienterna möjlighet att aktivt främja sin hälsa och förbygga sjukdom. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av det som påverkar arbetet med hälsofrämjande insatser vid typ 2 diabetes inom primärvården. Metod En strukturerad litteraturöversikt baserad på femton vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2013 och 2023. Artiklarna var av kvalitativ design och inhämtade från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna har analyserats med Fribergs fyrstegsmetod där resultaten sammanställdes till en ny helhet. Resultat Resultat presenteras i tre huvudkategorier: patienternas förutsättningar, sjuksköterskors förhållningssätt och organisatoriska förutsättningar följt av sju underkategorier: Behov av kunskap, förmåga till kunskapsinhämtning, eget ansvar, personcentrerat förhållningssätt, stödjande roll, tidsbrist och teamarbete. Slutsats Hälsofrämjande insatser påverkas av tre centrala dimensioner som interagerar med varandra: patient, sjuksköterska och sjukvårdsorganisationen. För att kunna arbeta hälsofrämjande behöver sjuksköterskan organisationens stöd och en arbetsmiljö som möjliggör personcentrerad vård vid hälsofrämjande insatser. / Background Type 2 diabetes is a rapidly growing chronic disease that is expected to increase significantly worldwide and it can lead to severe complications. Health promoting work is central dimension in type 2 diabetes that enables patients to actively promote their health and prevent illness. Aim The aim is to describe nurses' perceptions of factors influencing work with health promotion in type 2 diabetes within primary care. Method A structured literature review based on fifteen scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. The articles are of qualitative design and were searched in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Fifteen articles were analysed using Friberg's integrated synthesis method. Results The results are presented in three main categories: patients' conditions, nurses' approaches, and organizational conditions, followed by seven subcategories: Need of knowledge, ability to acquire knowledge, self-responsibility, person-centered approach, supportive role, lack of time and teamwork. Conclusions Health promotion interventions are influenced by three central dimensions that interact with each other: the patient, the nurse, and the healthcare organization. To work with health promotion, the nurse needs the support of the organization and a work environment that enables person-centered care in health promotion interventions.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Retail sales promotions are one of the most fundamental and high profile concepts of retail marketing. Everyday consumers are bombarded with various forms of information regarding sales promotions. Manufacturers and retailers go to great expense, up to 75% of the United States' marketing expenditures are spent on promotions (Lewison, 1994), but very little is done to measure the effectiveness of these promotional activities (Walters, 1991). Price promotions form an integral part of the marketing strategies of both manufacturers and retailers, yet they are often neglected in terms of assessing their impact on the marketing strategies of individual products. Lewison (1994) supports this statement by saying, "the precise positioning of sales promotion in terms of marketing strategy is often vague". "The increase in sales promotion spending in consumer goods field is greater than that of advertising promotion. However, it is important to know that a substantial part of this money is being misspent, some of it through poor planning" (Shapiro 1977). This statement is dated and probably aimed at the American retail market in particular, but it evokes some relevant questions about the South African domestic market. Are our manufacturers and retailers misspending valuable promotional budget on poorly planned and illogical sales promotions? An article in Sales and Marketing Management (1979) made a good, and relevant, point that "sales promotion is an orphan child of marketing. Both sales promotion budgets and sales promotion objectives are virtually ignored by senior management". More than twenty years later one would expect that the effectiveness of promotions would be monitored more closely and the promotional budgets of both manufacturers and retailers would be subject to close scrutiny by marketing directors. This appears, however, not to be the case, and little study has been done, particularly in South Africa, on the profitability and marketing effectiveness of price promotions within the retail grocery market. The use of trade promotions has risen considerably during the late 20th century. Within companies intense competition and increasing sophistication in sales promotion techniques together with a greater pressure to increase sales has resulted in an increased frequency of promotions. .Market factors have also fostered an increase in promotions. These factors include a rise in the number of brands (especially generic brands) and a decrease in the efficiency of traditional advertising due to increasingly fragmented consumer markets and advertising 'clutter'. A review of the marketing literature on grocery retail price promotions appears to be indicating a move toward a new approach to retailing which sees more focus being given to cutting costs out of the system, usually through improvements to the supply chain. Retail giant Wal-Mart introduced a policy of Every Day Low Pricing (EDLP) and moved heavily toward certain supply chain methodologies like Quick Response and Efficient Consumer Response which focus on reducing inventories and increasing supply chain efficiencies. These policies shun the retail sales promotion in favour of more constant sales trends and supply of goods. It appears that this policy is working, and not just in America, but in Canada and Germany as well (Kalish, 2000). This paper will focus on the inefficiencies of the traditional South African retail price promotion, particularly prevalent in the grocery chains, versus the current American and European retail promotion techniques that focus less on temporary price reductions and more on eliminating costs out of the value chain. A current South African price promotion model is given and a price promotion model for the future is proposed. Without a more complete study it would be immature to think that this paper could be a definitive study of the reasons, cause, and effects of retail price promotions, rather it is intended as a stimulus for further research in this area. This mini-thesis looks at pricing policies in the South African grocery retail market relative to international trends. Particular detail is paid to the grocery value chain and the effects of retail price reduction promotions on the supply chains within the value chain. Inefficiencies in the current South African pricing system are highlighted from both a marketing and a supply chain management perspective. A future value chain is proposed and the migration to this new value chain discussed. International trends like EDLP are discussed with relevance to the South African grocery retail market. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kleinhandel reklame promosies is een van die mees fundamentele and hoë profiel begrippe van kleinhandel bemarking. Daaglikse verbruikers word gebombardeer met verskeie vorms van inligting betreffende reklame promosies. Vervaardigers en kleinhandelaars gaan groot kostes aan, tot 75% van die Verenigde State se bemarkingsuitgawes is gemik op promosies (Lewison, 1994), maar daar word baie min gedoen om die doeltreffendheid van hierdie promosionele aktiwiteite te meet (Walters, 1991). Prys promosies vorm 'n integrale deel van die bemarkingstrategie van beide vervaardigers en kleinhandelaars, nogtans word hulle dikwels afgeskeep in terme van die beraming van hulle impak op die bemarkingstrategieë van individuele produkte. Lewison (1994) steun hierdie bewering deur op te merk dat, "the precise positioning of sales promotion in terms of marketing strategy is often vague". "The increase in sales promotion spending in consumer goods field is greater than that of advertising promotion. However, it is important to know that a substantial part of this money is being misspent, some of it through poor planning" (Shapiro, 1977). Hierdie opmerking is verouderd en waarskynlik spesifiek gerig op die Amerikaanse kleinhandel mark, maar lok sekere relevante vrae uit in verband met die Suid Afrikaanse plaaslike mark. Is ons vervaardigers en kleinhandelaars besig om waardevolle promosie begrotings op ondeurdagte en onlogiese reklame promosies te verkwis? 'n Artikel in "Sales en Marketing Management" (1979) maak die goeie en relevante punt dat "sales promotion is an orphan child of marketing. Both sales promotion budgets and sales promotion objectives are virtually ignored by senior management". Meer as twintig jaar later sou mens verwag dat die effektiwiteit van promosies in detail gemonitor word en die promosie begrotings van beide vervaardigers en kleinhandelaars noukeurig bestudeer word deur bemarkingsdirekteure. Dit blyk nie die geval te wees nie en, veral in Suid Afrika, is daar min navorsing gedoen oor die winsgewendheid en bemarkings effektiwiteit van reklame promosies binne die kleinhandel kruideniersmark. Die gebruik van handelspromosies het merkbaar gestyg in the laat twintigste eeu. Binne ondernemings het intensiewe kompetisie en toenemend gesofistikeerde handelspromosietegnieke tesame met groter druk om reklame syfers te laat styg gelei tot 'n toename in die frekwensie van promosies. Hierdie faktore sluit in 'n styging in die aantal handelsmerke (veral generiese handelsmerke) en 'n afname in die doeltreffendheid van tradisionele advertering weens toenemend gefragmenteerde verbruikersmarkte en advertensie "romme!". 'n Hersiening van die bemarkingsliteratuur op kruideniershandel reklamepromosies blyk daarop te dui dat 'n verskuiwing plaasvind na 'n nuwe benadering waarin meer fokus daarop geplaas word om kostes in die sisteem te sny, gewoonlik deur middel van verbeteringe aan die verskaffingsketting. Kleinhandel reus Wal-Mart het 'n beleid van "Every Day Low Pricing (EDLP)" ingestel en sterk beweeg na sekere verskaffingsketting metodologie soos "Quick Response" en "Efficient Consumer Response" wat fokus op die verminderde inventarisse en verhoogde doeltreffendheid in die verskaffingsketting. Hierdie beleide vermy die kleinhandel reklame promosie ten gunste van meer konstante reklame tendense en verskaffing van goedere. Dit blyk dat hierdie beleid besig is om te werk, nie net in die Verenigde State nie, maar ook in Kanada en Duitsland (Kalish, 2000). Hierdie werkstuk sal fokus op die ondoeltreffendheid van die tradisionele Suid Afrikaanse reklame prys promosie, veral heersend in die kruidenierskettingwinkels, teenoor die huidige Amerikaanse en Europese reklame promosie tegnieke wat minder toegespits is op tydelike prys verlagings en meer op die eliminasie van koste in die waardeketting. 'n Huidige Suid Afrikaanse prys promosie model word daargestel en 'n prys promosie model vir die toekoms voorgestel. Sonder 'n meer deeglike studie sal dit naief wees om te dink dat hierdie werkstuk 'n beslissende studie kan wees vir die redes vir, oorsaak en gevolge van kleinhandel prys promosies. Die bedoeling is eerder dat dit dien as 'n stimulus vir verdere narvorsing op die gebied. Hierdie mini-thesis ondersoek die prys beleid in die Suid Afrikaanse kruidenierskleinhandelmark relatief tot internasionale tendense. Veral word daar aandag gegee aan die kruidenierswaardeketting en die invloed van kleinhandel prysvermindering promosies op die verskaffingskettings binne die waardeketting. Tekortkominge in die huidige Suid Afrikaanse sisteem van prysbepaling word uitgelig uit beide 'n bemarkings en verskaffingskettings bestuur oogpunt. 'n Toekomstige waardeketting word voorgestel en die migrasie na hierdie nuwe waardeketting bespreek. Internasionale tendense soos EDLP work bespreek met betrekking tot die Suid Afrikaanse kruideniers reklamemark.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Education (Management), Technikon Natal, 2000. / This research focused on an investigation into the problems female heads of department experienced with reference to the primary schools in the Isipingo area. For a successful and a balanced education on a global basis, women must be seen to be equally capable of becoming leaders of educational institutions. The purpose of this research was to ascertain how educators react to the leadership of female heads of department in primary schools. More specifically, the objective of this research was to investigate the problems that heads of department experience, mainly because they were women. A literature survey of the functions of the head of department enabled the researcher to focus on the areas that the head of department had to give her attention to in order to develop an effective team. Focus was on organizational, administrative and professional matters determining the level of similarities between the English, American and South African education systems. Research was conducted by means of a questionnaire applied to a representative sample of educators from all levels of the hierarchy of educators. The qualitative method provided a systematic investigation of the topic. The research sought to understand behaviour from the 'action' point of view where the objective was to discover the specific experiences of the respondents. / M

<p>The social media are internet facilities where people can communicate and discuss through different websites or blogs. The social media has changed the world in many aspect and people are becoming more and more addicted to use these networks. People are fond of the social media because they can be social with a high number of individuals, both be real life friends, as well as strangers. Since the social media has grown to become so popular, companies have taken advantage of this as well. Their goal is to promote themselves through these networks as this can be very lucrative for the business. There are many different social media networks however this study will only be about Facebook. The aim of the study is to find out and describe how companies use Facebook for marketing purposes. An observation of how 34 fashion companies use Facebook for marketing purposes was carried out.</p>

The social media are internet facilities where people can communicate and discuss through different websites or blogs. The social media has changed the world in many aspect and people are becoming more and more addicted to use these networks. People are fond of the social media because they can be social with a high number of individuals, both be real life friends, as well as strangers. Since the social media has grown to become so popular, companies have taken advantage of this as well. Their goal is to promote themselves through these networks as this can be very lucrative for the business. There are many different social media networks however this study will only be about Facebook. The aim of the study is to find out and describe how companies use Facebook for marketing purposes. An observation of how 34 fashion companies use Facebook for marketing purposes was carried out.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

This research paper has been prepared by Bachelor students from Dalarna University in Borlänge. The project is centered on a case study of ICA – Kvantum and its brand awareness among customers. The purpose of this study is to find out that which measures can help ICA-Kvantum to create brand awareness among its current and potential customers by looking in to the importance of information of its offerings and use of effective communication tools to convey this information. Further, to recommend them what they need to do, to increase brand awareness among their customers with the help of managerial implications. The research question was formulated as what actions could be seen effective for ICA-Kvantum to maintain or improve brand awareness among its current and potential customers.The project was created with the help of theoretical concepts of brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, consumer decision model, integrated marketing communication approach and strategic planning process. These theories were applied in this thesis in order to find out the most effective communication measures to maintain or improve brand awareness among current and potential customers of ICA-Kvantum.The primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data was gathered through the survey among ICA-Kvantum customers in the front of the store in Borlänge. The personal interview with manager was conducted in the office of ICA-Kvantum store located in Borlänge. Secondary data was gathered from textbooks, academic journals, theses and websites.The empirical findings have been presented in detail and then analyzed with the help of theoretical concepts. The analysis and further results from survey and interview focused on importance of information, marketing communication tools, brand awareness and loyalty, perceived quality and implementation of strategic planning process. Moreover, the main weaknesses and strengths of ICA-Kvantun have been evaluated. The conclusion including short summary of analysis and its results have been provided at the end. Each weakness of issues related to brand awareness i.e. importance of information, effectiveness of marketing communication tools and strengths and weaknesses of ICA-Kvantum discussed in the paper, has been pointed out along with solutions and managerial implications.