Neste trabalho foram estudadas as potencialidades eletroanalíticas de um material híbrido condutor baseado em acetato de celulose e grafite com eletrodeposição de filme condutor de Azul da Prússia (CA/G/PB) como sensor para espécies com importância biológica. O material híbrido foi preparado pelo processo de inversão de fase e caracterizado pelas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (SEM-EDS) e voltametria cíclica. O composto Azul da Prússia (PB) foi imobilizado na superfície do material por eletropolimerização, aplicando-se um potencial fixo de 20 mV em uma janela de -0,3 V a 1,2 V. Os estudos eletroquímicos do eletrodo modificado CA/G/PB foram realizados em solução de KCl 0,1 mol.L-1, sendo obtidos dois pares redox para a espécie eletroativa imobilizada com potenciais médios (E0) em 0,204 V e 0,842 V, indicando um comportamento quase-reversível. O eletrodo demonstrou alta estabilidade após 500 ciclos redox, não sendo observada lixiviação da espécie eletroativa da superfície da matriz modificada. Os dois pares redox do material híbrido CA/G/PB permaneceram praticamente constantes entre os pH 5,0 e 8,0, indicando que as intensidades de pico não são significativamente afetadas nessa faixa de pH. A correlação linear entre as intensidades de pico e a raiz quadrada da velocidade de varredura, indicou que o sistema possui um comportamento similar aqueles em que o processo é controlado por difusão das espécies eletroativas à superfície do eletrodo. O azul da Prússia imobilizado foi aplicado na determinação de dopamina (DP), ácido úrico (AU), ácido ascórbico (AA) e Paracetamol (PCT) através da técnica de voltametria cíclica, voltametria de pulso diferencial e cronoamperometria. / In this work, we studied the electroanalytical potential of a conductive hybrid material based on cellulose acetate and graphite with electrodeposition Blue conductor film of Prussia (CA / G / PB) as a sensor for species with biological importance. The hybrid material was prepared by phase inversion process and characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and cyclic voltammetry. The dye of Prussian blue (PB) was immobilized on the surface of the material by electropolymerization applying a fixed potential of 20 mV in a interval from -0.3 V to 1.2 V. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode CA / G / PB were performed in solution of 0.1 mol L-1 KCl being obtained two redox couples for the electroactive species immobilized with midpoint potentials (E0) in 0.204 V and 0.842 V, indicating a quasi-reversible behavior. The electrode showed high stability after 500 redox cycles with no observed leaching of electroactive species to the surface of the modified electrode. The two redox pair of the CA / G / PB electrode was kept practically constant within pH 5.0 and 8.0, indicating that the peak intensities are not significantly affected in this pH range. The linear correlation between peak intensities and the square root of scan rate, indicated that the system has a similar behavior those in which the process is controlled by diffusion of electroactive species to the electrode surface. The immobilized Prussian blue was applied to determine dopamine (DP), uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA) and paracetamol (PCT) by analytical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do preparo e caracterização de dispositivos eletrocrômicos (ECD - electrochromic devices) contendo filmes finos de azul da Prússia (PB) como camada eletrocrômica, CeO2-TiO2 como contra-eletrodo e eletrólitos à base de polímeros contendo glicerol, formaldeído e γ-butirolactona. Os filmes finos de azul da Prússia foram preparados pelo método de eletrodeposição galvanostática e usados para montagem de dispositivos eletrocrômicos com eletrólitos de composição polimérica variada. Os filmes finos foram caracterizados através de medidas de densidade de carga, voltametria cíclica e transmitância no UV-Vis, além de análises morfológicas por microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e microscopia de varredura eletrônica (MEV), elipsometria, medidas de espessura, ângulo de contato e eficiência de coloração. O filme eletrodepositado por 300 s apresentou densidade de carga de 1,62 mC.cm-2 e 0,98 de reversibilidade com rugosidade de 17,7 nm, espessura de 315 nm via elipsometria e 216 nm via perfilometria. A eficiência de coloração calculada foi de 131,4 cm2.C-1 e os valores de ângulo de contato e energia livre de superfície também foram calculadas. As análises voltamétricas dos filmes finos revelaram picos característicos dos processos de oxidação e redução e as análises espectroscópicas apresentaram variação de transmitância de 71,6 % em 686 nm em solução eletrolítica de KCL 1 mol.L-1. Foram preparados e caracterizados dispositivos com eletrólitos a base de gelatina comercial com sal LiClO4; poli(vinil butirato) (PVB) com par iônico LiI/I2; PVB com LiClO4; PVB com par iônico LiI/I2+disperse red; ágar com LiClO4; ágar com sal Eu(CF3SO3)3; DNA com LiClO4; DNA com sal Er(CF3SO3)3; pectina com LiClO4; HPC com ácido acético; HPC com LiClO4 e PVDF com LiClO4. Dentre os resultados obtidos, os melhores resultados de densidade de carga de 10,1 e 8,5 mC.cm-2 foram obtidos para os dispositivos com eletrólitos de HPC e pectina, ambas com sal LiClO4. Voltamogramas cíclicos das amostras estudadas revelaram picos anódicos e catódicos referentes à extração e inserção de íons de lítio e/ou prótons, e elétrons no filme de PB. As análises de transmitância em 686 nm entre o estado colorido e descolorido dos dispositivos mostraram os valores de 40,2% para a janela contendo eletrólito à base de gelatina com LiClO4 e 35,2 % para a janela com ágar e sal Eu(CF3SO3). Além disso, também foi verificada a estabilidade dos dispositivos revelando a duração entre 400 a 2200 ciclos cronoamperométricos, dependendo do eletrólito usado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os dispositivos estudados neste trabalho são potenciais candidatos para aplicações práticas em dispositivos eletrocrômicos. / This work presents the results of the preparation and characterization of electrochromic devices (ECDs) containing a thin film of Prussian blue (PB) as electrochromic layer, CeO2-TiO2 as a counter electrode and electrolytes based on polymers containing glycerol, formaldehyde, and γ-butyrolactone. Thin films of Prussian blue were prepared by galvanostatic electrodeposition method and used for the assembly of electrochromic devices with varying polymer composition of electrolytes. The thin films were characterized by charge density measurements, cyclic voltammetry, transmittance in the UV-Vis, and morphological analyzes such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, there were subjected to ellipsometry, thickness, contact angle, and coloring efficiency measurements. The electrodeposited film of 300 s had charge density of 1.62 mC.cm-2 and 0.98 of reversibility with roughness of 17.7 nm and thickness of 315 nm via ellipsometry and 216 nm via profilometry. The calculated color efficiency was 131.4 cm2.C-1 and the contact angle values and surface free energy were calculated. The voltammetric analyzes of thin films showed characteristic peaks of oxidation and reduction processes and spectroscopic analysis showed 71.6% transmittance variation at 686 nm in 1 mol.L-1 KCL electrolyte solution. ECD were prepared and characterized, using electrolytes such as commercial gelatin with LiClO4 salt; poly (vinyl butyrate) (PVB) with ion pair LiI/I2; PVB with LiClO4; PVB with ion pair LiI/I2 + disperse red; agar with LiClO4; agar with Eu(CF3SO3)3 salt; DNA with LiClO4; DNA with Er(CF3SO3)3 salt; pectin with LiClO4; HPC with acetic acid; HPC with LiClO4 and PVDF LiClO4. The best results of charge density of 8.5 and 10.1 mC.cm-2 were obtained for devices with HPC electrolytes and pectin, both with LiClO4 salt. Cyclic voltammetry of the studied samples revealed anodic and cathodic peaks relating to the extraction and insertion of lithium ions and/or protons and electrons in the PB film. The transmittance at 686 nm analysis between the colored state and discolored windows showed values of 40.2% for the window containing electrolyte of gelatin with LiClO4 and 35.2% for the window with agar and Eu(CF3SO3) salt. Furthermore, the stability of the devices was also recorded revealing the duration between 400-2200 chronoamperometric cycles, depending on the used electrolyte. The results show that the windows studied in this work are potential candidates for electrochromic devices applications.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas as potencialidades eletroanalíticas de um material híbrido condutor baseado em acetato de celulose e grafite com eletrodeposição de filme condutor de Azul da Prússia (CA/G/PB) como sensor para espécies com importância biológica. O material híbrido foi preparado pelo processo de inversão de fase e caracterizado pelas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (SEM-EDS) e voltametria cíclica. O composto Azul da Prússia (PB) foi imobilizado na superfície do material por eletropolimerização, aplicando-se um potencial fixo de 20 mV em uma janela de -0,3 V a 1,2 V. Os estudos eletroquímicos do eletrodo modificado CA/G/PB foram realizados em solução de KCl 0,1 mol.L-1, sendo obtidos dois pares redox para a espécie eletroativa imobilizada com potenciais médios (E0) em 0,204 V e 0,842 V, indicando um comportamento quase-reversível. O eletrodo demonstrou alta estabilidade após 500 ciclos redox, não sendo observada lixiviação da espécie eletroativa da superfície da matriz modificada. Os dois pares redox do material híbrido CA/G/PB permaneceram praticamente constantes entre os pH 5,0 e 8,0, indicando que as intensidades de pico não são significativamente afetadas nessa faixa de pH. A correlação linear entre as intensidades de pico e a raiz quadrada da velocidade de varredura, indicou que o sistema possui um comportamento similar aqueles em que o processo é controlado por difusão das espécies eletroativas à superfície do eletrodo. O azul da Prússia imobilizado foi aplicado na determinação de dopamina (DP), ácido úrico (AU), ácido ascórbico (AA) e Paracetamol (PCT) através da técnica de voltametria cíclica, voltametria de pulso diferencial e cronoamperometria. / In this work, we studied the electroanalytical potential of a conductive hybrid material based on cellulose acetate and graphite with electrodeposition Blue conductor film of Prussia (CA / G / PB) as a sensor for species with biological importance. The hybrid material was prepared by phase inversion process and characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and cyclic voltammetry. The dye of Prussian blue (PB) was immobilized on the surface of the material by electropolymerization applying a fixed potential of 20 mV in a interval from -0.3 V to 1.2 V. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode CA / G / PB were performed in solution of 0.1 mol L-1 KCl being obtained two redox couples for the electroactive species immobilized with midpoint potentials (E0) in 0.204 V and 0.842 V, indicating a quasi-reversible behavior. The electrode showed high stability after 500 redox cycles with no observed leaching of electroactive species to the surface of the modified electrode. The two redox pair of the CA / G / PB electrode was kept practically constant within pH 5.0 and 8.0, indicating that the peak intensities are not significantly affected in this pH range. The linear correlation between peak intensities and the square root of scan rate, indicated that the system has a similar behavior those in which the process is controlled by diffusion of electroactive species to the electrode surface. The immobilized Prussian blue was applied to determine dopamine (DP), uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA) and paracetamol (PCT) by analytical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas as potencialidades eletroanalíticas de um material híbrido condutor baseado em acetato de celulose e grafite com eletrodeposição de filme condutor de Azul da Prússia (CA/G/PB) como sensor para espécies com importância biológica. O material híbrido foi preparado pelo processo de inversão de fase e caracterizado pelas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (SEM-EDS) e voltametria cíclica. O composto Azul da Prússia (PB) foi imobilizado na superfície do material por eletropolimerização, aplicando-se um potencial fixo de 20 mV em uma janela de -0,3 V a 1,2 V. Os estudos eletroquímicos do eletrodo modificado CA/G/PB foram realizados em solução de KCl 0,1 mol.L-1, sendo obtidos dois pares redox para a espécie eletroativa imobilizada com potenciais médios (E0) em 0,204 V e 0,842 V, indicando um comportamento quase-reversível. O eletrodo demonstrou alta estabilidade após 500 ciclos redox, não sendo observada lixiviação da espécie eletroativa da superfície da matriz modificada. Os dois pares redox do material híbrido CA/G/PB permaneceram praticamente constantes entre os pH 5,0 e 8,0, indicando que as intensidades de pico não são significativamente afetadas nessa faixa de pH. A correlação linear entre as intensidades de pico e a raiz quadrada da velocidade de varredura, indicou que o sistema possui um comportamento similar aqueles em que o processo é controlado por difusão das espécies eletroativas à superfície do eletrodo. O azul da Prússia imobilizado foi aplicado na determinação de dopamina (DP), ácido úrico (AU), ácido ascórbico (AA) e Paracetamol (PCT) através da técnica de voltametria cíclica, voltametria de pulso diferencial e cronoamperometria. / In this work, we studied the electroanalytical potential of a conductive hybrid material based on cellulose acetate and graphite with electrodeposition Blue conductor film of Prussia (CA / G / PB) as a sensor for species with biological importance. The hybrid material was prepared by phase inversion process and characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and cyclic voltammetry. The dye of Prussian blue (PB) was immobilized on the surface of the material by electropolymerization applying a fixed potential of 20 mV in a interval from -0.3 V to 1.2 V. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode CA / G / PB were performed in solution of 0.1 mol L-1 KCl being obtained two redox couples for the electroactive species immobilized with midpoint potentials (E0) in 0.204 V and 0.842 V, indicating a quasi-reversible behavior. The electrode showed high stability after 500 redox cycles with no observed leaching of electroactive species to the surface of the modified electrode. The two redox pair of the CA / G / PB electrode was kept practically constant within pH 5.0 and 8.0, indicating that the peak intensities are not significantly affected in this pH range. The linear correlation between peak intensities and the square root of scan rate, indicated that the system has a similar behavior those in which the process is controlled by diffusion of electroactive species to the electrode surface. The immobilized Prussian blue was applied to determine dopamine (DP), uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA) and paracetamol (PCT) by analytical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry.

Os eletrodos de pasta de carbono modificados com Azul da Prússia foram preparados usando a voltametria cíclica, deposição a um potencial controlado e a deposição a dois potenciais controlados. O último método foi melhor e produziu eletrodos modificados com alta sensibilidade e estabilidade durante a redução catalítica de peróxido de hidrogênio. A composição da solução modificadora foi 3,0 mmol L-1 de FeCl3 e 2,0 mmol L-1 de K3[Fe(CN)6] em pH 2,0 com HCI. O sistema de eletrodos foi imerso na solução modificadora e + 0,4 V foi aplicado no eletrodo de trabalho durante 2 minutos. Depois, o potencial foi revertido para - 0,4 V por mais 2 minutos. O processo total foi repetido mais duas vezes. Além disso, para melhorar a estabilidade dos eletrodos de pasta de carbono modificados com Azul da Prússia (EPC-AP), estes foram ciclados em solução contendo 1,0 m mol L-1 de RhCl3, 0,05 mol L-1 de KCI e 0,02 mol L-1 de HCI na faixa de potencial - 0,4V ≤ Eapl ≤ 0,6V a 60 mV s-1 (50 ciclos). Estes eletrodos, denominados de EPC-AP-Rh, foram secos a temperatura ambiente por 24 horas antes de serem utilizados. Os EPC-AP-Rh apresentaram boa estabilidade durante sucessivos ciclos, com os picos anódico e catódico, referentes a 0,30 V e 0,18 V inicialmente atribuídos para um processo redox envolvendo Branco da Prússia / Azul da Prússia. Cálculos com (Ep,a + Ep,c / 2), é 0,24 V. Em solução tampão citrato de potássio / ácido cítrico contendo 0,5 mol L-1 de KCI, pH 6,1, as correntes de picos variam linearmente com a velocidade de varredura 0,025 Vs-1 ≤ ν ≤ 0,400 V s-1 mostrando que o processo é governado por difusão de íons do eletrólito suporte para a superfície do eletrodo (durante a etapa de redução) ou do eletrodo para a solução (durante a etapa de oxidação) para manter a eletroneutralidade. O excesso superficial foi 4,3 10-8 mol cm-2, calculado usando a carga anódica obtida pelo voltamograma cíclico, depois da subtração do fundo de carga referente a um eletrodo não modificado de pasta de carbono em solução eletrólito suporte (1,0 x 10-3 mol L-1 de RhCl3, 0,05 mol L-1 de KCI e 0,02 mol L-1 de HCI, ν = 60 mV s-1). O eletrólito suporte usado para detecção para determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio foi o tampão10 mmol L-1 de citrato de potássio/ 2 mmol L-1 de ácido cítrico, pH 6,1 (força iônica= 0,16 mol L-1) contendo 0,5 mol L-1 de KCI. A ausência deste eletrólito ou a presença de íons fosfatos diminui a estabilidade deste sensor. Peróxido de hidrogênio foi determinado a 0,04 V (vs EAg/AgCI, KCI sat) na faixa linear de 5,1 x 10-5 mol L-1 a 8,6 x 10-4 mol L-1 com sensibilidade média de 1,4 ± 0,2 A mol-1 L cm-2 e limite de detecção de (2,5 ± 0,02) x 10-5 mol L-1. Neste potencial aplicado a contribuição da corrente de redução do oxigênio foi de 8,0 % na presença de 1,0 mmol L-1 de H2O2. Curvas analíticas obtidas durante a determinação de peróxidos de hidrogênio ao longo de 5 dias, cada curva analítica representa uma média de 6 curvas amperométricas consecutivas, que desempenhou em cada dia, apresentando uma diminuição de somente 27% na sensibilidade do eletrodo modificado. Quando fora de uso o eletrodo foi armazenado em solução 0,5 mol L-1 de KCI. A um potencial aplicado de 0,04 V não foi detectada uma interferência do mediador ou oxidação direta do ácido úrico. A interferência de ácido ascórbico foi apenas significativa para potenciais iguais ou superiores a 0,060 V. / Prussian Blue carbon paste modified electrodes were prepared using cyclic voltammetry and deposition atone and two controlled potentials. The last method was the best and produced modified electrodes with higher sensitivity and stability during the catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The composition of the modifying solution was 3.0 mmol L-1 FeCl3, 2.0 mmol L-1 K3[Fe(CN)6] in pH 2.0 with HCI. The electrode system was immersed in the modifying solution and + 0.4 V was applied to the working electrode during two minutes. After, the potential was just reverted to - 0.4 V once more two minutes. The total process was repeated twice. Further, to improve the stability of the Prussian Blue carbon paste modified electrodes (PB-CPME), they were cycled in a solution containing 1.0 mmol L-1 RhCl3, 0,05 mol L-1 KCI and 0.02 mol L-1 HCI in a - 0.4 ≤ E ≤ 0.6 V potential range at 60 mV s-1 (50 cycles). These electrodes, denominated of Rh-PBCPME, were dried at ambient temperature during 24 hours before use. The Rh-PBCPME shows good stability during successive cycles, with anodic and cathodic peaks recorded at 0.30 V and 0.18 V being attributed to a redox process involving Prussian White / Prussian Blue couple. Em, calculated as (Ep,a + Ep,c/2), is 0.24 V. In potassium citrate/ citric acid buffer solution containing 0.5 mol L-1 KCI, pH 6.1, the peak currents changed linearly with the square of sweep velocity in the range 0.025 Vs-1 ≤ v ≤ 0.400 Vs-1 showing that the process is governed by ion diffusion from support electrolyte to the electrode surface (during the reduction step) or from the electrode to the solution (during the oxidation step) to ensure the electroneutrality rule. The modifier surface excess was 4.3 x 10-8 mol cm-2, calculated using the anodic charge obtained from cyclic voltammograms, after subtraction of the background charge recorded with an unmodified carbon paste electrode in an electrolyte support solution (1.0 mmol L-1 RhCl3, 0.5 mol L-1 KCI and 0.02 mol L-1 HCI, v = 60 mV s-1). The supporting electrolyte used to detection of hydrogen peroxide was 10 mmol L-1 potassium citrate/ 2 mmol L-1 Citric acid buffer, pH 6.1 (ionic strength = 0.16 mol L-1) containing 0.5 mol L-1 KCI. The absence of this electrolyte or the presence of phosphate ions decreased the stability of the sensor. Hydrogen peroxide was detected at 0.04V (vs EAg/AgCI, KCI sat) in 5.1 x 10-5 - 8.6 x 10-4 mol L-1 linear range with sensitivity of 1.4 ± 0.2) A mo1-1 L cm-2 and detection limit of (2.5 ± 0.02) x 10-5 mol L-1. At this applied potential the contribution of oxygen reduction current was 8.0 % in the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 H2O2. Analytical curves obtained during hydrogen peroxide detections along 5 days, ach one of them representing an average of 6 consecutive amperometric analytical curves, carried out in the same day, showed a decrease of only 27 % in the sensitivity of the modified electrodes. When was not using the electrode was kept, 0.5 mol L-1 KCI. At 0.04 V applied potential no interference was detected due to mediated or direct oxidation of uric acid. The interference of ascorbic acid was only significant to 0.060 V or higher applied potentials.

Certains composés moléculaires présentent des propriétés électroniques modulables par des stimuli (T, P, B, h?). Différents états électroniques peuvent alors être stabilisés sous certaines conditions extérieures et le passage d’un état à l’autre s’effectue de façon réversible. Cette propriété de bistabilité ouvre ainsi la voie à des applications dans le domaine du stockage de l’information. Ce travail présente l’influence d’une irradiation lumineuse sur les propriétés magnétiques de composés de coordination construits à partir d’une brique cyanométallate et d’ions métalliques Co. Nous étudions en détail, à l’aide des techniques magnétiques et de réflectivité optique, les états métastables photo-induits dans des composés hexa-, tri- et octa-cyanométallates. La stabilité en température, mais aussi dans le temps, de ces états métastables sont présentées et analysées. L’étude des propriétés photomagnétiques corrélées aux données structurales permet d’ouvrir la discussion sur le rôle important joué par les interactions à courte portée dans la conservation des états métastables dans ces réseaux. Le résultat le plus marquant de ce travail est l’obtention d’une température limite de stockage de l’information T(LIESST) = 183 K dans un cluster moléculaire, ouvrant la voie à une nouvelle famille de matériaux moléculaires présentant des états photo-induits possédant de longues durées de vie. / Some molecular compounds exhibit switchable electronic properties induced by stimuli (T, P, B, h?). Different electronic states can be stabilised under external conditions and the transformations between the two states are reversible. This property opens a new field for applications in information storage. This work deals with the influence of a light irradiation on magnetic proprerties in coordination networks built with cyanometallate precursors and metallic ion Co. We study in details, by magnetometry and optical refelectivity, photo-induced metastable states in hexa-, tri- et octa-cyanometallate compounds. The stability vs. temperatures, and also vs. time, of these states are showed. The studies of photomagnetic properties linked to structural ones allow to open discussion on the main role played by short interactions for the maintenance of metastable states. The most significant result of this work is the determination of T(LIESST) = 183 K in a molecular cluster, leading towards a new family of molecular materials exhibiting wide thermal bistability domain.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l'étude des transitions de phases photo-induites dans différents matériaux métalliques et organométalliques. Les études présentées ont été guidées par la problématique liée à l'enregistrement et au stockage d'informations numériques. Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes intéressés à la spectroscopie THz et Raman de composés à transitions d'état de spin à base de Fe (II). Les spectres obtenus à l’aide de ces deux techniques sont confrontés aux résultats issus de simulations numériques (DFT). Nous avons également étudié la transition d’état de spin induite par des lasers CO2 dans des composés à transition de spin polymériques. Un dispositif expérimental simple permettant l'enregistrement d'information dans ce type de matériaux est proposé. Par la suite, nous avons étudié la transition réversible de la phase métallique (λ métastable à semiconductricer (β stable) dans des nanoparticules d'un oxyde de Titane (Ti3O5), soumis à des impulsions laser nanosecondes. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement les aspects cinétiques de cette transition. Il apparaît alors que la transition λ→β se produit sur une échelle de plusieurs centaines de nanosecondes, tandis que la transition β→λ se fait en quelques dizaines de nanosecondes. Les mécanismes photoythermiques à l’origine de cette transition permettent de rendre compte de ces observations expérimentales. Enfin, nous avons étudié un complexe bimétallique analogue du bleu de Prusse Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, bistable à température ambiante. Par génération de second et de troisième harmonique, nous avons mesuré les non-linéarités effectives d’ordre deux et trois de ce composé dans les phases basse et haute température. Nous montrons que l’on peut faire photo-commuter les propriétés optiques linéaires et non linéaires de ce composé. La spectroscopie et la génération d’onde THz dans ce matériau sont également présentées et discutées. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of laser-induced phase transitions in metallic and metaly organic materials. The studies presented here are guided by the recording and storage of digital information. Firstly, we focused on THz and Raman spectroscopy of two different iron Fe (II) spin crossover complexes. The spectra we recorded using these two methods are compared to numerical simulations obtained with the DFT. We have also studied the spin state transition induced byCO2 lasers in polymeric spin crossover materials. A simple experimental setup allowing data recording in this type of materials is presented. Secondly, we studied the reversible metal (λ metastable to semiconductor (β stable) phasetransition in nanoparticles of a Titanium oxide (Ti3O5), excited with nanosecond laser pulses.More specifically, we studied the kinetic aspects of this transition. It appears that the λ→β transition occurs in hundreds of nanoseconds while the β→λ transition is achieved in a few tens of nanoseconds. The photothermal mechanisms leading to this transition accounts very well to these experimental observations. Finally, we present the study of Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, a Prussian blue analogue which is bistable at room temperature. Using secondy and thirdyharmonic generation, we measured the effective secondy and thirdyorder nonlinearities of this compound in low and high temperature phases. We show that we can photo-switch the linear and nonlinear optical properties of this material. THz spectroscopy and generation in this material are also presented.

Les progrès fulgurants de l’informatique poussent au développement de dispositifs plus petits et plus puissants, impliquant la conception de matériaux continuellement plus complexes à l’échelle nanoscopique. Notre objectif est de développer, par une approche purement bottom-up, des nanoparticules magnétiques présentant de fortes anisotropies magnétiques (oxydes ou alliages) et localisées dans des nanoperforations bien organisées d'un film mince d’oxyde non magnétique. Notre approche originale pour synthétiser ces nanoparticules magnétiques comprend trois étapes: i) l’élaboration d’une matrice solide nanostructurée par chimie sol-gel en présence d’agents structurants, ii) la formation d’analogues du bleu de Prusse (ABP) dans la nanostructuration de ces matrices et iii) leur traitement thermique sous atmosphère contrôlée. Deux types de matrices solides nanostructurées ont été étudiées : les films minces de TiO2 nanoperforés, permettant d’organiser les particules sur une surface, et les monolithes de silice mésoporeux, permettant l’étude de la transformation des particules d’ABP en oxyde et alliage sur des quantités de matière plus importante que celle contenue dans les films nanoperforés. Les ABPs ont été choisis comme précurseurs pour la formation de ces particules magnétiques en raison de leur composition chimique et de leur structure particulièrement bien définies. En modulant la chimie très versatile des ABPs combinée à une parfaite maîtrise de leur stœchiométrie à l'échelle atomique, il devrait être possible de réguler finement la composition chimique, la structure et donc les propriétés magnétiques des alliages et des oxydes.Une méthode originale, mise au point au laboratoire, permet de confiner des particules d’ABPs à l’intérieur de monolithes de silice mésoporeux pour former des nanocomposites ABP/SiO2. Le traitement thermique de ces nanocomposites sous atmosphère contrôlée a été étudié de façon à obtenir des nanocomposites Oxyde/SiO2 et Métal/SiO2 présentant une mésoporosité parfaitement préservée ainsi que des nanoparticules bien confinées dans la porosité.La formation d’ABP dans les nanoperforations d’un film mince de TiO2 est réalisée grâce à l'immersion successive de ce film dans des solutions de précurseurs de l’ABP. Une étude systématique de chaque étape de la synthèse a permis d’aboutir à la formation de particules d’ABP à l’intérieur de chaque nanoperforation du film mince. Enfin, le traitement thermique sous atmosphère contrôlée a conduit à la transformation des particules d’ABPs en oxydes mixtes ou en alliages dans ces nanoperforations. / Remarkable progress in information technology has led to the development of smaller and more powerful systems. This effort requires the design of new materials which are more complex at the atomic scale. Our goal is to develop magnetic nanoparticles confined into the well-organized nanocraters of non-magnetic thin films that should present a strong magnetic anisotropy (as oxides or alloys). In order to synthesize these magnetic nanoparticles, our original bottom-up approach involves three steps : i) elaboration of a solid nanostructured matrix via sol-gel chemistry in the presence of structuring agents, ii) formation of Prussian Blue Analogues (PBA) in the pores of this matrix and iii) thermal treatment under a controlled atmosphere. Two types of nanostructured matrices have been investigated : nanoperforated TiO2 thin films, in order to organize particles on a surface, and mesoporous silica monoliths, which allow to study the transformation of a larger amount of PBA nanoparticles into oxide or alloy than in the case of thin films. PBAs were chosen as precursors for the formation of magnetic particles because of their well-defined chemical composition and structure. PBA chemistry is versatile and the stoichiometry and structure of the resulting coordination polymer can be perfectly controlled at the atomic scale. Controlling PBA chemistry should thus enable us to finely tune the chemical composition and structure of the corresponding alloys and oxides and hence their magnetic properties.An original method, developed in our laboratory, results in well-confined PBA particles within the organized porosity of a mesoporous silica monoliths to form PBA/SiO2 nanocomposites. The thermal treatment of these nanocomposites under different controlled atmospheres was then investigated in order to get Oxide/SiO2 and Metal/SiO2 nanocomposites with a perfectly preserved mesoporosity and well-confined nanoparticles with controlled chemical composition, size and shape.The PBA formation inside the nanocraters of a TiO2 thin film is performed by successive immersions of the film in the PBA precursor solutions. A systematic study of each step of the synthesis leads to the formation of PBA particles within each nanoperforation in the thin film. Finally, the thermal treatment under different controlled atmospheres enabled the transformation of PBA particles into oxides or alloys inside the nanoperforations.

Ce travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude des propriétés d’adsorption et de séparation en milieu humide par des polymères de coordination poreux. Nous avons utilisé les techniques de volumétrie d’adsorption, de séparation par chromatographie en phase gaz, de spectroscopie de fluorescence ainsi que et de la modélisation Monte Carlo afin de comprendre les mécanismes qui gouvernent l’adsorption de ces matériaux. Les molécules adsorbables étudiées sont l’eau et des vapeurs d’hydrocarbures linéaires (pentane et n-hexane), cycliques (cyclohexane et cyclohexène) et polycycliques (anthracène). Les adsorbants étudiés sont les Analogues de Bleu de Prusse (ABP) ainsi que deux matériaux organométalliques poreux de référence, le ZIF8 et le CuBTC. Parmi les résultats principaux apportés par ce travail, nous avons montré que les Analogues de Bleu de Prusse ont une stabilité hydrothermale remarquable leur conférant des propriétés d’adsorption en milieu humide très prometteuses. Parmi les ABP étudiés, le Co[CoIII(CN)6]0.66 ⊡0.33 .5.2H2O a montré des propriétés d’adsorption et de séparation très supérieures à celles d’autres ABPs. Par exemple, il a été possible de moduler sa balance hydrophobe/hydrophile par le contrôle de la coordination de l’eau sur le centre métallique insaturé, tout en préservant son caractère lipophile. Nous avons aussi montré que cet analogue de bleu de Prusse est capable de séparer des mélanges d’hydrocarbures secs ou très humides de façon répétée. Sur un aspect plus fondamental, nous avons montré que le confinement d’anthracène par le ZIF-8, qui est un composé organométallique poreux possédant des cavités de taille ajustée à celle du fluorophore, pouvait induire une extinction complète de certaines bandes d’absorption de celui-ci. / This PhD thesis is focused on the study of wet adsorption and separation properties by porous coordination polymers. We used adsorption volumetry, gas chromatography separation techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and Monte Carlo modeling to understand the mechanisms governing the adsorption of these materials. The adsorbable molecules studied are water and hydrocarbon vapors linear (pentane and n-hexane), cyclic (cyclohexane and cyclohexene) and polycyclic (anthracene). The adsorbents studied are the Prussian Blue Analogues (ABP) as well as two reference porous organometallic materials, ZIF8 and CuBTC. Among the main results provided by this work, we have shown that Prussian Blue Analogues have remarkable hydrothermal stability conferring them very promising wet adsorption properties. Among the ABPs studied, Co [CoIII (CN)6] 0.66 ⊡0.33 .5.2H2O showed adsorption and separation properties far superior to those of other ABPs. For example, it has been possible to modulate its hydrophobic / hydrophilic balance by controlling the coordination of water on the unsaturated metal center, while preserving its lipophilic character. We have also shown that this Prussian blue analogue is capable of separating mixtures of dry or very wet hydrocarbons repeatedly. On a more fundamental aspect, we have shown that the confinement of anthracene by ZIF-8, which is a porous organometallic compound with cavities of size adjusted to that of the fluorophore, could induce a complete extinction of certain absorption bands of this one.

Opus Alchemicum explores the fabrication of “reality” upon imagination, and the affective relation between ideas and matter in the built environment. Like an alchemic experiment, through the manipulation of real facts and their transformation into myth, stories, rituals and objects, the project tries to demonstrate how myths are not just produced but also produce “real” by creating a collective understanding and a pattern of relations, roles and ideas. This project’s attempt is to reveal the mechanisms of reality in an act of analogy. The role of architecture, buildings and objects is investigated in its transfigured correspondent. Myths are both constructed and revealed as the language code of a discourse. The result is a work of alchemy, a product of imagination as a path of understanding. The project starts with traveling to Romania as a study case, in a journey where encounters and empathy win over maps and scheduled visits. What I bring back with me is a series of situations, assemblages, a pattern of history, places, culture and affections belonging to the very present of Romania.These situations are plunged in another larger assemblage, the European one, with Sweden as a partaker. In this country’s desires and metamorphoses we can discover those myths that belong and affect our culture and our spaces.  Opus Alchemicum is a tale about myths, behavior and built environment. About Romania, or somewhere else. About ruins and gold. About invisible values and material affects. About a vanished land, about desire and nostalgia. About displacement, diaspora and costumes. About migration. About a journey and the gas station at the mid of the road. About metamorphoses, gypsy palaces and dowries. About matter, produced, traded and extinguished. About Prussian Blue and honey. About a tower, a fountain and a secret garden. About the alchemic process of making reality out of ideas. / Opus Alchemicum utforskar fabricering av verklighet genom fantasi, den affektiva relationen mellan ide och materia i en bygg omgivning. Ett alkemiskt experiment, genom manipulation av verkliga fakta och deras transformation till myter, berättelser, ritualer och objekt, försöker detta projekt att påvisa hur myter inte bara är producerade utan hur de också producerar en ”verklighet” genom att skapa en kollektiv förståelse och ett mönster av relationer, roller och föreställningar. Projektet försöker att avslöja mekanismerna av verklighet i en handling av analogi. Rollen av arkitektur, byggnader och objekt undersöks i sin förvandlade korrespondens. Myter är både konstruerade och avslöjade genom språkkoden för en diskurs. Resultatet är ett verk av alkemi, en produkt av inbillningsförmåga längst en väg för förståelse. Projektet startar med en resa till Rumänien som studie fall, i en färd där möten och empati segrar över kartor och schemalagda möten. Det jag tog med mig tillbaka var en serie av situationer, samlingar och mönster av historien. Platser, kultur och känslor som representerar det nuvarande Rumänien. Situationer som störtar in till ett större sammanhang i form av det Europeiska med Sverige som deltagare. I detta lands önskningar och metamorfoser kan vi upptäcka de myter som tillhör och påverkar vår kultur och dess rum. Opus Alchemicum är en berättelse om myter, beteenden och byggd omgivning. Om Rumänien eller någon annanstans. Om ruiner och guld. Om osynliga värden och materiell inverkan. Om ett försvunnet land av begär och nostalgi. Om förskjutningar, förskingringar och kostymer. Om migration. Om färder och bensinstationen i mitten av resan. Om metamorfoser, romerska palats och hemgifter. Om materia, producerad, handlad och utsläckt. Om preussiskt blått och honung. Om ett torn en fontän och en hemlig trädgård. Om den alkemiska processen av att skapa verklighet genom idéer.