O operon pst de Escherichia coli é formado pelos genes pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB e phoU. Os quatro primeiros genes codificam proteínas que compõem um sistema de transporte do tipo ABC denominado Pst. O sistema Pst, junto com a proteína PhoU participa da repressão dos genes do regulon PHO. A transcrição dos genes do operon pst é induzida pela carência de fosfato inorgânico (Pi). Neste trabalho, o padrão de transcrição do operon pst foi analisado. A existência de um transcrito primário instável foi comprovada através de uma nova técnica de RT-PCR. O papel da RNase E na degradação do mRNA de pst foi demonstrado. A análise das seqüências intergênicas do operon revelou a importância da seqüência REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome) localizada na região intergênica entre pstS e pstC na estabilização da mensagem de pstS. As seqüências localizadas a 5\' dos genes pstC, pstB e phoU também foram analisadas e demonstraram uma atividade promotora fraca, que resulta na síntese de transcritos dos genes distais de pst. / The pst operon of Escherichia coli consists of the genes pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB and phoU. The four proximal genes of the operon encode the proteins of the ABC-type Pi phosphate (Pi) transporter Pst.The Pst system, together with the PhoU protein, also acts as a negative regulator of the PHO regulon. Transcription of the pst genes is induced by Pi starvation. The present study describes the transcription pattern of the pst operon. The existence of an unstable primary transcript was confirmed by using an improved RT-PCR protocol. The role of RNase E in pst transcript decay was demonstrated.Analysis of the operon intergenic regions revealed the role of a REP sequence (Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome) located between pstS and pstC in pst mRNA stability. The regions upstream of pstC, pstB and phoU displayed promoter activity. Transcription from these internal promoters resulted in a small amount of mRNAs corresponding to the pst distal genes.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Orientador: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T01:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_AlinedaSilva_M.pdf: 1630763 bytes, checksum: a79cfa073b1e00a5a037e569e5a09bac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo que avalia o desempenho do PST (Phase Shifting Transformer), equipado com um controlador suplementar, para o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa freqüência em sistemas de energia elétrica. O modelo dinâmico que representa o PST é implementado no Modelo de Sensibilidade de Potência (MSP). A análise da estabilidade e o projeto de estabilizadores POD (Power Oscillation Damping) são baseados em análise modal, bifurcações de Hopf, gráficos do lugar das raízes e técnicas de resposta em freqüência e no tempo. É investigado o desempenho de diferentes sinais de entrada para os controladores. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o PST, quando equipado com estabilizadores, possui um grande potencial para manutenção da estabilidade de ângulo a pequenas perturbações de sistemas elétricos de potência / Abstract: This dissertation presents an assessment of the performance of PST (Phase Shifting Transformer) equipped with a supplemental controller for damping power systems low-frequency electromechanical oscillations. The dynamic model that represents the PST is implemented in the Power Sensitivity Model (PSM). The stability analysis and the design of POD (Power Oscillation Damping) stabilizers are based on modal analysis, Hopf bifurcations, root locus plots and time and frequency response techniques. The performance of different input signals to the controllers is investigated. The results obtained reveal that the PST, when equipped with stabilizers, has a great potential for keeping power systems small-signal angle stability / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

For the past three decades performance development in sport has been steered by traditional Psychological Skills Training (PST) programmes. However, in the last decade, the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach to performance development in sport has been introduced. To date, there is limited research on the MAC approach and there are currently no published studies in South Africa. The goal of this study was to explore the participant’s experiences of the MAC programme with reference to what they learnt through the programme, how they applied their learning to their swimming and how they transferred their learning to their lives. This study is an Interpretive Phenomenological view of five adolescent swimmers (two female and three male) at the High Performance Centre (hpc), in South Africa (SA). The participants partook in a one-day swimmingspecific MAC programme and thereafter, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. An interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used for analysing the data gained from the interviews. The findings indicate that the participants had experiences which were consistent, inconsistent or unique in relation to the literature review. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lk2014 / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

This study explored the subjective interpretations of five adolescent athletes who experienced a sport-specific version of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach. The MAC approach is an alternative sport psychology intervention to more traditional control-driven approaches, such as Psychological Skills Training (PST). An in-depth qualitative study was conducted at the High Performance Centre (hpc) of the University of Pretoria (UP). The sport-specific MAC programme was developed for the sport of athletics. The programme was facilitated to five adolescent athletes who participate in the sport of athletics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after the participants experienced the programme. The interviews were based on written reflections provided by participants during the programme. The research position for this study was phenomenology, and specifically Interpretive Phenomenology (IP). Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the material. The results revealed that there was only one theme that was common to all five participants. Furthermore, the results portrayed diversity amongst the participant experiences and subjectivity in their interpretations of the MAC approach. The results displayed how some themes are consistent with MAC-related literature, and how other themes contradict the literature. Additionally, some themes have not been reported in MAC literature before. Thus, the study contributed to the expansion of literature on the MAC approach. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lk2014 / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

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La forte variation climatique, notamment de la température qui est associée à la distribution altitudinale de certains peuplements d’arbres forestiers peut induire des pressions de sélection divergentes favorisant l’expression de phénotypes différents en fonction de l’altitude. Cette thèse a pour objectif de déterminer si des adaptations locales existent et peuvent être mises en évidence dans un peuplement de mélèze (Larix decidua Mill.) distribué le long d’un gradient altitudinal situé dans les Alpes françaises, à proximité de Briançon. Quatre placettes d’environ 200 mélèzes ont été délimitées à 2300 m, 2000 m, 1700 m et 1350 m d’altitude le long de ce gradient. Une variabilité phénotypique significative a été observée entre ces niveaux altitudinaux pour la plupart des caractères étudiés : circonférence, hauteur de l’arbre, pourcentage d’aubier ainsi que pour toutes les variables microdensitométriques de cernes sauf une (la largeur de cerne). Une analyse de génétique des populations utilisant des marqueurs microsatellites a mis en évidence une faible influence de la dérive génétique sur la diversité génétique et une forte intensité de flux de gènes entre les différents niveaux altitudinaux étudiés. La différenciation génétique inter-altitudes a été estimée à l’aide d’une approche in-situ basée sur les données phénotypiques seules (PST) et comparée à la différenciation observée à l’aide des marqueurs microsatellites (FST). Cette analyse indique que l’hypothèse d’adaptations locales avec l’altitude peut être raisonnablement avancée pour les caractères de hauteur, circonférence, pourcentage d’aubier et densité du bois initial. Au contraire, l’adaptation locale n’apparait pas comme une hypothèse acceptable pour les caractères de largeur de cerne, surface de cerne, largeur du bois final et densité du bois final. / The strong climatic variation, in particular the temperature variation, which is associated with the altitudinal distribution of certain stands of forest trees, can induce different divergent selection pressure favoring altitude-dependent phenotype expression. The aim of the present thesis is to determine if local adaptation exists and can be identified in an European larch stand (Larix decidua Mill.) distributed along an altitudinal gradient located in the French Alps near Briançon. four plots of about 200 larches were delimited at 2300 m, 2000 m, 1700 m and 1350 m along this altitudinal gradient. A significant phenotypic variability was observed between these altitudinal levels for most characters studied: circumference, tree height, percentage of sapwood and for all the annual-ring microdensity variables except one (ring width). A population genetics analysis using microsatellite markers showed a small effect of genetic drift on the genetic diversity but an intensive gene flow between the altitudinal levels studied. The inter-altitudinal genetic differentiation was estimated using an in-situ approach based on phenotypic data only (PST) and compared with the differentiation observed by means of microsatellite markers (FST). This analysis indicates that the assumption of local adaptation with altitude can be reasonably proposed for the characters of height, circumference, percentage of sapwood and earlywood density. On the contrary, the local adaptation does not appear to be an acceptable assumption concerning characters such as ring width, ring surface area, latewood width and latewood density.

Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) é uma das principais causas de diarreia em crianças. Na carência de fosfato (Pi), um conjunto de genes conhecido como regulon PHO é induzido. Esse regulon é controlado pelo sistema Pst, que além de ser um transportador de Pi, reprime a expressão de PHO quando Pi é abundante, e pelo sistema de dois componentes PhoB/PhoR. A deleção de pst reduziu a adesão de EPEC à células epiteliais in vitro, pois diminuiu da expressão dos reguladores PerA/PerC, que por sua vez controlam a expressão de genes envolvidos na adesão. Este efeito foi exclusivo de pst e não devido a expressão constitutiva dos genes de PHO causada pela deleção de pst. A expressão da fímbria BFP, PerA e PerC também dependem da síntese de ppGpp, uma molécula de alarme envolvida na regulação de genes relacionados à carência nutricional. ppGpp regula positivamente a expressão de PerA e PerC. Entretanto, RpoS, o fator relacionado à resposta ao estresse, afetou negativamente o nível de adesão de EPEC e a expressão de BFP. / Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is one of the causes of diarrhea in children. Phosphate (Pi) shortage induces transcription of the genes known as the PHO regulon. These genes are controlled by the Pst system, that is also a high-affinity Pi transporter, and represses PHO expression under Pi-replete conditions. PHO is also controlled by the two-component system PhoB/PhoR. Deletion of the pst operon reduced the adhesion of EPEC to epithelial cells in vitro due to a decrease in the expression of the regulators PerA and PerC that in turn control the expression of genes related to adhesion. The constitutive expression of the PHO genes in the pst mutant was not the cause of adhesion inhibition. Expression of bfp and the regulators PerA and PerC was also dependent on ppGpp, an alarmone involved in the regulation of genes related to nutrient limitation. On the other hand, RpoS, the factor that controls the general stress response, negatively affected EPEC adhesion and bfpA expression.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) é uma das principais causas de diarreia em crianças. Na carência de fosfato (Pi), um conjunto de genes conhecido como regulon PHO é induzido. Esse regulon é controlado pelo sistema Pst, que além de ser um transportador de Pi, reprime a expressão de PHO quando Pi é abundante, e pelo sistema de dois componentes PhoB/PhoR. A deleção de pst reduziu a adesão de EPEC à células epiteliais in vitro, pois diminuiu da expressão dos reguladores PerA/PerC, que por sua vez controlam a expressão de genes envolvidos na adesão. Este efeito foi exclusivo de pst e não devido a expressão constitutiva dos genes de PHO causada pela deleção de pst. A expressão da fímbria BFP, PerA e PerC também dependem da síntese de ppGpp, uma molécula de alarme envolvida na regulação de genes relacionados à carência nutricional. ppGpp regula positivamente a expressão de PerA e PerC. Entretanto, RpoS, o fator relacionado à resposta ao estresse, afetou negativamente o nível de adesão de EPEC e a expressão de BFP. / Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is one of the causes of diarrhea in children. Phosphate (Pi) shortage induces transcription of the genes known as the PHO regulon. These genes are controlled by the Pst system, that is also a high-affinity Pi transporter, and represses PHO expression under Pi-replete conditions. PHO is also controlled by the two-component system PhoB/PhoR. Deletion of the pst operon reduced the adhesion of EPEC to epithelial cells in vitro due to a decrease in the expression of the regulators PerA and PerC that in turn control the expression of genes related to adhesion. The constitutive expression of the PHO genes in the pst mutant was not the cause of adhesion inhibition. Expression of bfp and the regulators PerA and PerC was also dependent on ppGpp, an alarmone involved in the regulation of genes related to nutrient limitation. On the other hand, RpoS, the factor that controls the general stress response, negatively affected EPEC adhesion and bfpA expression.