Les réseaux sociaux accueillent chaque jour des millions d’utilisateurs. Les usagers de ces réseaux, qu’ils soient des particuliers ou des entreprises, sont directement affectés par leur fulgurante expansion. Certains ont même développé une certaine dépendance à l’usage des réseaux sociaux allant même jusqu’à transformer leurs habitudes de vie de tous les jours. Cependant, cet engouement pour les réseaux sociaux n’est pas sans danger. Il va de soi que leur expansion favorise et sert également l’expansion des attaques en ligne. Les réseaux sociaux constituent une opportunité idéale pour les délinquants et les fraudeurs de porter préjudice aux usagers. Ils ont accès à des millions de victimes potentielles. Les menaces qui proviennent des amis et auxquelles font face les utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux sont nombreuses. On peut citer, à titre d’exemple, la cyberintimidation, les fraudes, le harcèlement criminel, la menace, l’incitation au suicide, la diffusion de contenu compromettant, la promotion de la haine, l’atteinte morale et physique, etc. Il y a aussi un « ami très proche » qui peut être très menaçant sur les réseaux sociaux : soi-même. Lorsqu’un utilisateur divulgue trop d’informations sur lui-même, il contribue sans le vouloir à attirer vers lui les arnaqueurs qui sont à la recherche continue d’une proie. On présente dans cette thèse une nouvelle approche pour protéger les utilisateurs de Facebook. On a créé une plateforme basée sur deux systèmes : Protect_U et Protect_UFF. Le premier système permet de protéger les utilisateurs d’eux-mêmes en analysant le contenu de leurs profils et en leur proposant un ensemble de recommandations dans le but de leur faire réduire la publication d’informations privées. Le second système vise à protéger les utilisateurs de leurs « amis » dont les profils présentent des symptômes alarmants (psychopathes, fraudeurs, criminels, etc.) en tenant compte essentiellement de trois paramètres principaux : le narcissisme, le manque d’émotions et le comportement agressif. / Social networks deal every day with millions of users (individuals or companies). They are directly affected by their rapid expansion. Some have developed a certain dependence on the use of social networks and even transform their everyday lifestyle. However, this craze for social networking is not always secure. It is obvious that their expansion promotes and serves the increase of online attacks. Social networks are an ideal opportunity for criminals and fraudsters to take advantage of users. They give access to millions of potential victims. Threats coming from “friends” on social networks are numerous: cyberintimidation, fraud, criminal harassment, moral and physical threats, incitement to suicide, circulation of compromising contents, hatred promotions, etc. There is also a “very close friend” who could cause us problems with his behavior on social networks: ourselves. When a user discloses too much information about himself, it contributes unwittingly to attracting scammers who are continually looking for preys. This thesis presents a new approach to protect Facebook users. We created a platform based on two systems: Protect_U et Protect_UFF. The first system tries to protect users from themselves by analysing the content of their profiles and by suggesting a list of recommendations in order to reduce the publication of private information. The second system aims to protect users from their “friends” who have profiles presenting alarming symptoms (psychopaths, fraudsters, criminals, etc.) taking into account essentially three main parameters: narcissism, lack of emotions and aggressive behaviour.

Intolerance of uncertainty concerns how one views and reacts touncertainty, where one who’s highly intolerant would find it verydiscomforting when confronted with uncertain situations. The purposeof this study was to examine the associations between intolerance ofuncertainty, pain catastrophizing, emotion regulation andpsychopathic traits. These variables were to be examined in thecontext of a Beads Task and a Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Wehypothesized that there would be a positive significant associationbetween intolerance of uncertainty, pain catastrophizing, emotionregulation, psychopathic traits. We also hypothesized that there wouldbe a difference depending on the difficulty of the Beads Task. To doso, data was collected from 60 university students (32 females and 28males). The results showed that there was a significant, positiveassociation between intolerance of uncertainty, pain catastrophizing,emotion regulation and the Beads Task measurements. Some of theseresults were similar to previous studies. / Intolerans mot osäkerhet berör hur en person uppfattar och reagerarpå osäkerhet, där någon som är intolerant upplever osäkra situationersom obehagliga. Syftet med denna studie var att undersökaassociationerna mellan intolerans mot osäkerhet,smärtkatastrofiering, känsloreglering och psykopatiskapersonlighetsdrag. Dessa variabler undersöktes i sammanhang medBeads Task och ett Kallvattentest. Där några av hypoteserna var attdet finns positiva signifikanta associationer mellan intolerans motosäkerhet, smärtkatastrofiering, känsloreglering och psykopatiskapersonlighetsdrag. Vi hade också en hypotes att det kommer finnas enskillnad beroende på svårighetsgraden av Beads Task. För att göradetta samlades data in från 60 universitetsstudenter (32 kvinnor och28 män). Resultaten visade på en signifikant, positiv associationmellan intolerans mot osäkerhet, smärtkatastrofiering,känsloreglering och Beads Task-måtten. Några av dessa resultat varlikt de i tidigare studier.

Psykopatiska drag kan ge negativa konsekvenser såsom ett antisocialt beteende och låg empati. För att kunna förebygga har forskningen tittat på olika orsaker till att sådana drag utvecklas. Man har bland annat tittat på om otrygga anknytningsstilar har ett samband med psykopatiska drag.   I den här studien deltog 102 personer i ett bekvämlighetsurval. Av de som svarade var 83,3% kvinnor och resten män, de flesta var i åldersgrupperna mellan 41–64 år.   Denna studie visade ett svagt samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. Andra studier har gjorts med andra urvalsgrupper med problematik såsom psykiatrisk diagnos och kriminalitet. Förmodligen hade resultatet blivit annorlunda med ett annat urval. Tendensen är dock att det finns ett samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. / Psychopathic traits can have negative consequences such as antisocial behaviour and low empathy. In order to be able to prevent it, research has looked at various reasons why such traits develop. Among other things, they have looked at whether insecure attachment styles have a connection with psychopathic traits.   In this study, 102 people participated in a convenience sample. Of those who responded, 83.3% were women and the rest were men, most were in the age groups between 41–64 years.   This study showed a weak association between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits. Other studies have been done with other sample groups with problems such as psychiatric diagnosis and crime. Probably the result would have been different with a different selection. The tendency, however, is that there is a connection between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits.

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka grad av alla tre dimensioner sammanslagna och respektive dimension av psykopati bland unga och hur det relaterade till antisocialt beteende samt om relationerna kvarstod oberoende av ungas sociala förmåga och föräldrars SES. Urvalet bestod av 1731 unga varav 912 pojkar och 819 flickor i åldern 11-13 år med medelålder 12,2. Psykopatiska personlighetsdrag definierades med tre dimensioner som var grandiositet - manipulation, brist i empati - flackt känsloliv och impulsivitet - behov av omväxling. Resultaten visade att pojkar uppvisade högre grad av psykopatiska personlighetsdrag jämfört med flickor. Psykopatiska personlighetsdrag och antisocialt beteende korrelerade i hög utsträckning med varandra. Majoriteten av korrelationerna var högre bland pojkar än flickor separat. Sambanden kvarstod mellan psykopatiska personlighetsdrag och antisocialt beteende vid kontroll för ungas sociala förmåga respektive föräldrars SES för totala urvalet samt separat för pojkar respektive flickor. Slutsatsen som drogs var att psykopatiska personlighetsdrag och antisocialt beteende var relaterade till varandra. Denna relation var oberoende av ungas sociala förmåga och föräldrars SES. Diskussioner om praktiska implikationer förs och direktiv för framtida forskning ges. / The main purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of psychopathic personality traits among youths and how it related to antisocial behaviour and whether the relationships remained independent of youth’s social skills and parental SES. The study consisted of 1731 participant, where 912 of them were boys, and 819 were girls at age 11-13 with mean age 12,2. The psychopathic personality traits consist of three different dimensions; Grandiose-Deceitful, Callous-Unemotional, and Impulsivity-Need for Stimulation. The results showed that the psychopathic dimensions were significantly higher among boys than girls. We also examined the relationship between the psychopathic dimensions and conduct problems for the total sample, which showed a high positive significant correlation. These correlations were tested for both genders separately, which showed indications of boys having a higher correlation than girls. Furthermore, the result indicated that the relationship remained between psychopathic dimensions and conduct problems in controlling for social skills respective socioeconomic status for the total sample and separately for boys and girls. The conclusion drawn that psychopathic personality traits and conduct problem were related to each other. This relationship was independent of young’s level of social skills and parental level of SES. Discussions of practical implications and directives for future research are provided.

Individuals evidencing psychopathic personality traits have been shown to have problematic attachment to others. Moreover, research suggests that culture affects attachment style as well as the expression of various psychopathic traits using the four-factor model of psychopathy. However, the majority of this research has included only white college students, which is a limiting factor. The current study assessed the relations among attachment representations and psychopathic features across two independent samples (one adult & one adolescent) from different world regions (adults only), ethnicity (adolescents only), and gender. Using similar assessments of attachment and psychopathic traits for both samples, dismissing attachment was related to aspects of psychopathic traits in nearly all cultures and ethnicities sampled. In the world sample, secure attachment was found to positively relate to impulsive and parasitic lifestyle traits in all regions. Culture and gender were found to moderate several relations between specific attachment styles and psychopathic features. Overall, the patterns of data indicated that many of the differences found between groups may be rooted in individualistic versus collectivistic values, and were consistent with previous research assessing these constructs across diverse samples.

No description available.

“The relationship between the criminal and victim is much more complicated than the law would care to acknowledge. The criminal and his victim work on each other unconsciously. We can say that as the criminal shapes the victim, the victim also shapes the criminal. The law differentiates distinctly between the attacker and the victim. But their relationship may be, and often is, quite close, so that their roles are reversed and the victim becomes the determining person, while the [victimiser] in the end becomes his own victim.” (Abrahamsen, 1973:35). This research was directed at establishing whether narcissistic individuals will go to extreme levels of violence, specifically murder, if their self-image is threatened. The aim was to determine the extent of pre-existing narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in these individuals and how this contributed to the murderous action they committed. Emphasis was placed on the psychological motivation of the perpetrator, as well as the relationship that existed between the perpetrator and the victim prior to the event. As the subject of the research was a relatively unknown phenomenon, a qualitative research approach was used. The research focused on analysing specific cases of murder, more particularly cases where rage-type murders were committed. It endeavoured to identify the underlying personality dynamics to determine whether an association between rage-type murder and NPD exists. Case studies illustrating rage-type murderers who had been admitted to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital for a 30-day observation period were identified and analysed. These cases were selected through reviewing the case history of each individual to determine whether the murder fitted the outlined definition of a rage-type murder. The cases that met the outlined requirements were deemed suitable for the purpose of the research, where after the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) results of the selected cases were examined to determine the personality organisation of the individuals. This information was then used to determine the possible association between NPD and rage-type murder. The MMPI-2 was selected as the assessment tool as it is the most widely used personality assessment available. For the purposes of this research a two-point code type was used to indicate the presence of narcissistic personality traits. A two-point code type implies an elevation of two scales, for the purposes of this research specifically the Pd (Psychopathic deviance) scale and the Pa (Paranoia) scale, also referred to as the 4-6/6-4 code type. As interpretation based only on a two-scale elevation was considered to be overly simplistic, all the MMPI-2 clinical scales were interpreted independently, and a clinical interpretation provided in the context of each individual’s background. The 4-6/6-4 code type individual was used to indicate whether the individuals did have narcissistic personality traits, and thus were classified as having NPD. Nine cases were identified of individuals thought to be rage-type murderers, who were admitted for a 30-day period of psychiatric observation to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria. Only five cases were acknowledged as rage-type murders. All the cases selected were referred to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital by order of the court and involved males over the age of 20 years. The individuals involved were admitted to the Forensic Unit of the hospital and were subjected to standard psychiatric hospital observations, which included psychiatric interviews, psychological interviews, psychological testing, as well as general behavioural observations in the ward. All the information obtained during the standard psychiatric hospital observations is held in the clinical case files in the archives at the hospital. All the standard psychiatric hospital observation evaluations were completed prior to the initiation of the research, and the case records had been closed. Although more research is necessary, this research has established an association between the selected cases of rage-type murder and NPD and there is historic documented evidence suggesting that individuals with NPD will most likely react in a similar manner in similar circumstances, as a result of their underlying personality disorder. This suggests that incarceration in a correctional facility is not the most appropriate place to rehabilitate individuals. It also serves as support to why a person with NPD who commits a rage-type murder should be acquitted because of their personality disorder and subsequently be committed to a psychiatric facility as a patient of the state president. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted