Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jessica_Carolina.pdf: 7722789 bytes, checksum: d52f51618465373ff65f4c885e4f57ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study on the casualization of teaching in the State Public Schools, under the guidance of Prof. Dr. José Luiz Zanella Program Graduate Geography Strictu Sensu, MSc level, the State University of West Paraná - Campus Francisco Beltran-PR, aimed to analyze the conditions of teachers' work, in particular teachers PSS , referred to the Public Schools controlled by the State Government of Paraná, in the period 2008-2012, with the cutout area of study, the State Schools of Rondon. The research aims to demonstrate, based on historical elements, as it is possible to perform a reading of the precariousness of work faculty, linking it to changes in society over the centuries and especially when it refers to the world of work, using the reference classical theory, which allows from the historical and dialectical materialism to understand the current circumstances that, in order to understand the process of casualization of labor relations, and in particular the teaching office, closely articulated with the school public. This sense, research tends to demonstrate teaching, nowadays, as susceptible to instability and alienation of the worker. / O estudo sobre a precarização do trabalho docente nas Escolas Públicas Estaduais, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. José Luiz Zanella do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Strictu Sensu, nível Mestrado, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná campus de Francisco Beltrão-PR, objetivou-se a analisar as condições do trabalho docente, em específico os professores PSS, ao que se refere às Escolas Públicas controladas pelo governo Estadual do Paraná, no período 2008 a 2012, tendo como área recorte de estudo, as Escolas Estaduais de Marechal Cândido Rondon. A pesquisa visa demonstrar, a partir de alguns elementos históricos, como é possível realizar uma leitura da precarização do trabalho a docente, articulando-a às mudanças da sociedade ao longo dos séculos e principalmente ao que se refere ao mundo do trabalho, utilizando do referencial teórico clássico, que possibilita a partir do materialismo histórico e dialético compreender as atuais circunstâncias desse, visando entender o processo de precarização das relações de trabalho, e em específico do ofício docente, articulado intimamente com a escola pública.Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tende a demonstrar o trabalho docente, nos dias atuais, como susceptível à precarização e alienação do trabalhador.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jessica_Carolina.pdf: 7722789 bytes, checksum: d52f51618465373ff65f4c885e4f57ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study on the casualization of teaching in the State Public Schools, under the guidance of Prof. Dr. José Luiz Zanella Program Graduate Geography Strictu Sensu, MSc level, the State University of West Paraná - Campus Francisco Beltran-PR, aimed to analyze the conditions of teachers' work, in particular teachers PSS , referred to the Public Schools controlled by the State Government of Paraná, in the period 2008-2012, with the cutout area of study, the State Schools of Rondon. The research aims to demonstrate, based on historical elements, as it is possible to perform a reading of the precariousness of work faculty, linking it to changes in society over the centuries and especially when it refers to the world of work, using the reference classical theory, which allows from the historical and dialectical materialism to understand the current circumstances that, in order to understand the process of casualization of labor relations, and in particular the teaching office, closely articulated with the school public. This sense, research tends to demonstrate teaching, nowadays, as susceptible to instability and alienation of the worker. / O estudo sobre a precarização do trabalho docente nas Escolas Públicas Estaduais, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. José Luiz Zanella do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Strictu Sensu, nível Mestrado, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná campus de Francisco Beltrão-PR, objetivou-se a analisar as condições do trabalho docente, em específico os professores PSS, ao que se refere às Escolas Públicas controladas pelo governo Estadual do Paraná, no período 2008 a 2012, tendo como área recorte de estudo, as Escolas Estaduais de Marechal Cândido Rondon. A pesquisa visa demonstrar, a partir de alguns elementos históricos, como é possível realizar uma leitura da precarização do trabalho a docente, articulando-a às mudanças da sociedade ao longo dos séculos e principalmente ao que se refere ao mundo do trabalho, utilizando do referencial teórico clássico, que possibilita a partir do materialismo histórico e dialético compreender as atuais circunstâncias desse, visando entender o processo de precarização das relações de trabalho, e em específico do ofício docente, articulado intimamente com a escola pública.Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tende a demonstrar o trabalho docente, nos dias atuais, como susceptível à precarização e alienação do trabalhador.

This study examined different funding methods for financing public education in order to solve the problems associated with large numbers of school districts and great disparities in property wealth without abandonment of property tax as the major revenue source. Using enrollment and State Property Tax Board data for the 1,061 school districts in Texas in 1986-87, four alternative funding plans were studied to compare the equity and fiscal impact of each on public school finance in Texas. The state and local shares of the total cost of education were computed using a combination of three per-pupil expenditure levels and four funding formulas. The per-pupil expenditure levels used were $3,850, $4,200, and $4,580. The formulas used were representative of a full state funding plan, a percentage equalization plan, a power equalization plan, and a foundation school program plan. Since each of the four plans used significantly higher per-pupil expenditure values, all required a greater monetary investment on the part of the state. However, all plans were found to be equalizing in nature if set per-pupil expenditure values were maintained and no local enrichment was permitted. In addition, each of the four plans, as studied, met the fiscal neutrality standard of the 1987 Edqewood v. Kirbv case. The percentage and power equalization plans required less monetary investment on the part of the state than either full state funding or the foundation school program. As a result of the study, it is recommended that the state consider a combination of plans. For example, the state could employ a full state funding model up to the $3,850 per-pupil expenditure level with added permissible local millage being limited and power equalized. In addition, while each of the plans studied reduces inequity, the increased cost of an adequate public school education suggests that the state consider other sources of revenue to fund public education. These could include personal or corporate income taxes.

Esta dissertação é fruto da pesquisa que buscou investigar alguns modos de avaliação no regime da Progressão Continuada, que possuíssem características de uma avaliação formativa, considerando o dia a dia de sala de aula, o uso de diferentes instrumentos avaliativos, a visão dos professores e as orientações internas e externas que pudessem influenciar as ações voltadas à avaliação formativa. Para tanto, selecionamos uma Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental I do Estado de São Paulo cujas práticas eram tidas como referência em sua região e foram consideradas por nós como práticas inspiradoras compreendidas aqui como práticas que vão ao encontro da perspectiva de avaliação formativa, a qual implica o uso de instrumentos avaliativos de maneira que eles sirvam para mostrar ao professor os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos alunos e possibilitem, então, uma reorientação do caminho a ser seguido para que todos possam atingir os objetivos desejados. Nosso processo de investigação envolveu consulta ao Plano de Gestão Participativo (2015-2018), às Atas de reuniões de Aula de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (ATPC) e às Atas de Conselhos de Classe, observações de reuniões de ATPC, de salas de aula (do 4º e 5º anos acompanhados) e de Conselhos de Classe e entrevistas (com a professora do 5º ano e com a professora-coordenadora). Os dados coletados foram analisados principalmente à luz do referencial teórico de avaliação formativa considerando as reflexões de Fernandes (2009), Hadji (2001), Luckesi (2011) e Perrenoud (1999) e do processo de aprendizagem descrito por Meirieu (1998). Evidenciou-se a justaposição de práticas que envolviam o processo avaliativo e, portanto, também de ensino e de aprendizagem. Entendemos que mudanças acontecem dentro de um processo que, no caso, ainda está em construção, havendo remodelamento para um percurso com novas culturas avaliativas, e isto, certamente, não se dá sem tensões, sem contradições. As ações do dia a dia de sala de aula demonstraram-se influenciadas por orientações internas e externas advindas dos momentos de planejamento e replanejamento, das avaliações externas e das parcerias que a escola realiza. Por sua vez, as práticas voltadas à avaliação formativa operacionalizaram-se na escola em atividades de sala de aula, nos momentos de recuperação e reforço e no Conselho de Classe Participativo. Destacamos, no contexto desta escola, o modo como a equipe pedagógica se posiciona frente aos problemas com que se depara: eles não se demonstram intimidados, buscam informações, estudam, trocam observações e propõem ações, reorientando seu percurso e suas decisões caso não tenham sido acertados de início. É este conjunto de fatores que nos permitiu afirmar que as práticas relacionadas à avaliação da aprendizagem dos alunos aqui descritas caracterizavam-se como inspiradoras. / This dissertation is the result of a research that sought to investigate some modes of evaluation in the Continuous Progression regime, which had the characteristics of a formative evaluation, considering the day-to-day classroom, the use of different assessment tools, the vision of the teachers and the internal and external orientations that could influence the actions directed to the formative evaluation. To that end, we selected a State Elementary School I of the State of São Paulo, whose practices were considered as a reference in their region and were considered by us as inspiring practices - understood here as practices that meet the perspective of for- which implies the use of evaluation tools so that they serve to show the teacher the knowledge acquired by the students and thus enable a reorientation of the path to be followed so that all can achieve the desired goals. Our research process involved consultation with the Participative Management Plan (2015-2018), minutes of meetings of the Collective Pedagogical Work Class (ATPC) and the minutes of Class Councils, observations of ATPC meetings, of classrooms (from the 4th and 5th years accompanied) and of Class Councils and interviews (with the teacher of the 5th year and with the teacher-coordinator). The collected data were analyzed mainly in the light of the theoretical reference of formative evaluation considering the reflections of Fernandes (2009), Hadji (2001), Luckesi (2011) and Perrenoud (1999) and the learning process described by Meirieu (1998). It was evidenced the juxtaposition of practices that involved the evaluation process and, therefore, also of teaching and learning. We understand that changes take place within a process that, in this case, is still under construction, re-modeling for a course with new evaluation cultures, and this, certainly does not happen without tensions, without contradictions. The day-to-day actions of the classroom have been influenced by internal and external orientations from the planning and replanning moments, the external evaluations and the partnerships that the school performs. On the other hand, the practices focused on formative evaluation were operationalized in the school in activities of classroom, in the moments of learning recovery and reinforcement and in the Participative Class Council. In the context of this school, we highlight the way in which the pedagogical team positions itself in front of the problems it faces: they are not intimidated, they seek information, they study, they exchange observations and they propose actions, reorienting their course and their decisions if they do not have been agreed at the outset. It is this set of factors that allowed us to affirm that the practices described here were characterized as inspiring.

A trajetória de vida do adolescente em conflito com a lei é, historicamente, atravessada por experiências que dificultam e/ou impossibilitam a construção de caminhos desvinculados da atividade infracional. Marcado em sua comunidade, este adolescente encontra inúmeros desafios para construir outras formas de contribuir com o mundo e nele habitar. Percurso semelhante tem sido traçado, nas escolas, para o adolescente indisciplinado, ou seja, aquele considerado de impossível trato por equipes pedagógicas. Nesse quadro, a indisciplina pode ser percebida como quase a antecipação do ato infracional. Dentro deste contexto, a escola se mostra um ambiente privilegiado: é o espaço no qual o aluno pode ser aluno, podendo se afastar, ainda que temporariamente, de um passado que o impeça vem impedindo de aparecer ao mundo como quem é e a partir de sua individualidade. A escola é local onde, como diz Hannah Arendt, o amor pelo mundo é demonstrado pelo adulto que bem recebe quem aqui chega depois os mais novos. Ao mesmo tempo, é preciso considerar que as instituições de educação, em especial, as públicas, enfrentam diversos desafios cotidianos, inclusive, relacionados a mudanças sociais e culturais, que dificultam pensar na aproximação educadora. Essas questões foram tema de meu trabalho profissional e, a partir da necessidade de estar articulado à teoria que pode desvendar novos caminhos, deram início a esta pesquisa. Em seu desenvolvimento, o professor e, também, suas experiências, ganharam espaço, colocando sob reflexão as práticas escolares que tanto mantêm um contexto de menor valor para discentes e docentes quanto podem permitir transformações. A proposta desta pesquisa foi debater esta temática a partir da interlocução com Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, José Mario Pires Azanha, Jorge Larrosa e outros autores. A metodologia da pesquisa é a pesquisa participante, que me permitiu falar de meu campo de estudo com aprofundamento e relativa liberdade já que é, em certa medida, de meu próprio trabalho que falo. Estas páginas contam experiências e tecem apontamentos sobre a educação de adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas e daqueles considerados indisciplinados. Como são experiências e, portanto, relacionais, falam também de seus professores e dos contextos sociais que dificultam o nascimento de novos olhares e fazeres na educação pública / The life trajectory of the young offender is carved historically by experiences that make difficult and / or impossible the built of roads unrelated to law breaking activities. Tagged in his community, this teen faces numerous challenges to build other ways to contribute to and inhabit the world. A similar road has been laid down in schools for the undisciplined adolescent, that is, the one considered by pedagogical teams as of impossible to deal with. In this context, it is possible to perceive indiscipline as almost a step before infraction. Within such context, the school presents itself as a privileged environment: it is the space in which the student can be a student, being able to move away, even temporarily, from a past which prevents him from showing to the world who he is as well as his individuality. The school is a place in which love towards the world is shown by the adult who gives a warm welcome to those who come later, the youngest. At the same time, it is necessary to consider that educational institutions, especially public ones, face several daily challenges, including those related to social and cultural changes, making it difficult to think about the educator´s approach. These issues were the subject of my professional performance and this research was initiated from the need of connection to the theory that can unveil new paths. Throughout this development, the teacher, as well as his experiences, gained space, placing under reflection the school practices that might so strongly maintain a context of inferior value for students and teachers as can allow transformations to be possible. This research aims at the discussion of this theme from the dialogue among Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, José Mario Pires Azanha, Jorge Larrosa and other authors. This research method is the participative research one, which allowed me to address about my field of study with depth and some freedom - since it is, to some extent, my own work I am referring to. These pages present experiences and indicate notes about the education of adolescents in compliance with social-educational measures and those considered undisciplined. As they are experiences and, therefore, relational, they also refer to their teachers and the social contexts that make difficult the conception of new looks and practices in public education

Após a Proclamação da República no Brasil, em 1889, houve a separação entre Igreja Católica e política, sendo que o Ensino Religioso não podia ser aplicado nas escolas públicas, apenas em particulares. Nos anos 1920, a Igreja Católica se reaproximou dos políticos. Essa reconciliação ficou mais evidente depois da Revolução de 1930, quando Getúlio Vargas chegou ao poder e, alguns meses depois, publicou o decreto que tornava o Ensino Religioso facultativo nas escolas públicas, em abril de 1931. Esta Tese mostra como o Ensino Religioso foi instrumento de fortalecimento católico, reconquistando espaços perdidos na República Velha, num movimento que tinha como contexto as ações de romanização, de ultramontanismo e da Ação Católica, fundada pelo papa Pio XI. O decreto de Vargas foi feito claramente em benefício dos católicos e, anos depois, foi incorporado na Constituição de 1934, por pressão da Liga Eleitoral Católica. O Ensino Religioso era considerado como obra principal pelos católicos e houve grande organização na Arquidiocese de São Paulo, com fiscais e delegadas fazendo relatórios do seu andamento nas escolas. Para melhor discussão do assunto, foi escolhida a análise das escolas públicas, pois houve a inserção do ensino católico num ambiente laico, com alunos de outras confissões religiosas. / After the Republic Proclamation in Brazil in 1889, there was a separation between the Catholic Church and politics, and Religious Education could not be applied in public schools, only in private. In the 1920s, the Catholic Church reconnected to the politicians. This reconciliation was more evident after the 1930 Revolution, when Getulio Vargas came to power and a few months later, he published the decree that made the optional religious education in public schools, in April 1931. This thesis shows how the Religious Education was instrumental Catholic strengthening, regaining lost spaces in the Old Republic, a movement that had as context the actions of romanization of ultramontanism and Catholic Action, founded by Pope Pius XI. Vargas decree was clearly done for the benefit of Catholics and, years later, was incorporated in the 1934 Constitution, under pressure from the Catholic Electoral League. Religious Education was considered as a major work by Catholics and there was a great organization in the Archdiocese of São Paulo, with inspectors and delegates making their progress reports in schools. To further discussion of the subject, the analysis of public schools was chosen because there was the inclusion of Catholic teaching in a secular environment with students from other religious denominations.

Os grandes aglomerados urbanos ressentem-se da falta de espaços públicos para o usufruto do lazer. As políticas públicas nesse setor não são priorizadas. Na tentativa de suprir tais carências, acontecem intervenções estatais usando o único espaço público disponível em muitas regiões: a escola. Promovendo sua abertura aos finais de semana para diversas atividades, o Estado busca responder a uma demanda social por lazer, fazendo uso de um discurso de contenção de violência escolar e urbana por intermédio da ocupação social dos jovens das classes populares. Essa forma de intervenção revela uma idéia de controle social por meio do lazer, descaracterizando-o como direito social para qualquer cidadão. Além disso, as escolas que são objeto de intervenção não conseguem desenvolver um projeto autônomo, articulado com seu projeto pedagógico e sua realidade cotidiana. Dessa forma, não há articulação entre os processos de educação formal e não-formal. A falta de autonomia da unidade escolar e o precário processo de democratização das relações internas impedem a participação e o controle por parte da população do que é realizado na escola pública, que se torna refém de processos alheios à realidade local. A estrutura material e profissional precária impede que o programa possa qualificar as atividades desenvolvidas e os educadores, que atuam nas escolas aos finais de semana, não recebem o treinamento e a capacitação necessários para desenvolverem um programa educativo. As atividades desenvolvidas não passam por um processo de reflexão sobre seus aspectos educativos e reproduzem, em muitos casos, as demandas próprias da indústria cultural. Além disso, não são desenvolvidos mecanismos que façam interagir as políticas públicas no campo da educação, do lazer, da cultura e do esporte. Observou-se que a criação desses programas responde muito mais às demandas de enquadramento social dos jovens do que de garantia de acesso a espaços de sociabilidade e lazer para todos os cidadãos. Não há sustentabilidade possível de programas de lazer que façam uso das escolas públicas se não houver um investimento condizente com a necessidade de qualificação do que é desenvolvido, de controle por parte da sociedade civil e de articulação com o que deveria ser a finalidade da escola pública: educar para a emancipação e para a construção de uma sociedade democrática e socialmente justa. / Large urban conglomerates often lack enough public spaces for leisure. Governmental policies in this area are not prioritized. In an attempt to fill this gap, the State has decided to intervene using the only public spaces available in many regions: schools. By opening schools for a range of weekend activities, the State seeks to fulfill a social demand for leisure, while alleging to curb school and urban violence by keeping lower class youth socially occupied. This form of intervention underscores a design for social control through leisure, disavowing it as basic social right of all citizens. In addition, schools subject to such intervention are not allowed to develop autonomous projects, aligned with their own educational proposals and day-to-day reality, and this leads to a mismatch between the formal and non-formal educational processes. The school units lack of autonomy and the precarious process of democratizing internal relations prevent the population from participating in and controlling what happens in the public school, which thus becomes hostage to processes extraneous to local realities. The precarious material and professional structure prevents this program from qualifying both the activities being developed and the educators themselves, who work in the schools on weekends but receive neither the training nor the skills required to develop an educational program. The activities are carried out with no thought to their educational aspects and, in many cases, end up by reproducing the demands of the industrial culture itself. Furthermore, no mechanism has been cogitated to establish interactions between existing public policies in the areas of education, leisure, culture and sports. It has been said that such programs are created more as a response to demands for making youth socially compliant than to assure access to spaces for the leisure and socializing of all citizens. No leisure program that makes use of public schools can be sustainable without a commensurate investment to qualify what is being developed, to allow control by civil society and to align it with what ought to be the purpose of a public school: an education to further emancipation and to establish a democratic and socially equitable society.

The researcher examined non-returning first-year teachers and second year teachers who taught during the 1994-95 school year. The research design included five research questions with six null hypotheses testing for differences among second year teachers' perceptions and non-returning teachers' perceptions of their mentor teachers. After calculating ratings on desired and demonstrated scales by 464 subjects, criteria were ranked on mentor characteristics on 12 tasks. The extent to which each task was demonstrated during their first year's teaching experience was also calculated. Participants indicated that the ideal mentor would advocate for the novice and would demonstrate a sensitive approach in assisting. However, study participants responded that the more essential characteristics were not present in their experience with mentors. When examining differences between returning and non-returning teachers' perceptions of mentor characteristics, non-returning teachers expressed a stronger desire to have their mentor be understanding, empathetic, and communicative and to teach in a similar curricular area. Further, they would have liked to have had more discussion regarding their teaching practice and a convenient time to meet and share information. When exploring the differences on desired and demonstrated scales in the perception of their actual experiences, significant differences were found in all 12 tasks. Additional analyses revealed significant differences in male and female perceptions but no differences were found when considering grade level teaching assignment.

Budgeting and allocation decisions made by school districts have a direct impact on education in local communities. Little, however, is known about budgetary allocation and decision-making practices involving federal Impact Aid received by military-connected districts as no national guidelines exist to guide the allocation of this funding source. Using Sielke's garbage can decision model as the foundation, the purpose of this multiple case study of 5 school districts located throughout the United States was to explore how school districts use Impact Aid to achieve educational adequateness for military-connected children. Research questions focused on how school districts make budgetary decisions in regard to Impact Aid and military-connected students. Data were collected from 5 semistructured interviews with school administrators, budget analysts, as well as over 350 publicly available policy documents. All data were inductively coded and categorized to apply frequency of references and through open and descriptive coding emerged 4 thematic elements. The key findings of this study showed that sequestration and information management had the largest impact on how Impact Aid funding was spent by school districts. The results of this study provide evidence in support of Sielke's garbage can decision theory. The implications for social change stemming from this study include recommendations to policy makers regarding improving allocation methods, which may in turn improve the effectiveness of education funding leading to adequate and equal education support for all public school students.

Nos últimos anos, as escolas públicas de São Paulo observaram um crescimento significativo da presença de alunos imigrantes em sala de aula. Dados da Secretaria Estadual de Educação indicam que as matrículas aumentaram 18% em 2019, sendo o maior grupo o de estudantes bolivianos, com 5.022 matriculados. Considerando esse panorama, este estudo buscou avaliar os desafios linguísticos enfrentados pelo professor no ensino de língua portuguesa em salas de aula heterogêneas, isto é, formadas por brasileiros e imigrantes. Como recorte, definiram-se os estudantes com ascendência boliviana como protagonistas da pesquisa e realizou-se o acompanhamento das aulas de português do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental II em uma escola situada no bairro do Brás (São Paulo/SP), local escolhido por concentrar indivíduos da comunidade boliviana (cf. SILVA, 2006; CYMBALISTA; XAVIER, 2007; FREITAS, 2012). Dessa forma, a partir da coleta de textos espontâneos de alunos com ascendência boliviana e brasileiros, estratégia de obtenção de dados consoante Cagliari (1990), as análises foram realizadas buscando os principais desafios ortográficos, com os objetivos de (i) identificar a natureza das dificuldades dos alunos protagonistas, relacionando os resultados com a produção dos estudantes brasileiros; (ii) verificar se a possível situação de contato constante com espanhol no convívio familiar resultava na manifestação de aspectos do espanhol na escrita em português; (iii) comparar as dificuldades de bolivianos e de filhos de bolivianos, averiguando se estes estudantes, ainda que brasileiros na nacionalidade, não enfrentavam desafios semelhantes aos dos imigrantes; e, por fim, (iv) propor atividades didáticas com base nas principais necessidades identificadas na análise, para auxiliar o professor de escola pública a conduzir o ensino da escrita em português em salas heterogêneas. De maneira geral, os resultados indicaram que bolivianos, filhos de bolivianos e brasileiros, dentro do grupo estudado, apresentam dificuldades parecidas, sendo a principal relacionada à diferenciação entre a modalidade falada e escrita da língua, já que na maioria das produções houve a representação de processos fonológicos do português, bem como outras dificuldades na escolha de grafemas motivadas, muitas vezes, pela pronúncia associada à concorrência entre letras. Ademais, estudantes bolivianos e filhos de bolivianos exibiram as mesmas dificuldades nas produções, relacionadas a processos fonológicos e à seleção de grafemas, com a adição de aspectos do espanhol inseridos na escrita em português. Finalmente, com base nesses resultados, foram propostas atividades didáticas focando nas diferenças entre a modalidade falada e escrita da língua e nas reflexões sobre uma situação real de preconceito associado à ortografia. Como principal conclusão, constatou-se que os alunos ascendência boliviana, ainda que inseridos em aulas que não trazem o ensino da língua específico para imigrantes, estão aprendendo efetivamente o português brasileiro na modalidade oral, já que transferem hipóteses pertinentes sobre a língua para a escrita. / In recent years, public schools in São Paulo have observed a significant increase in the presence of immigrant students in the classroom. Data from State Department of Education indicate that enrollments increased by 18% in 2019, being the largest group composed by Bolivian students, with 5022 enrollments. Considering this scenario, this study has evaluated the challenges faced by teachers during Portuguese classes in heterogeneous classrooms, i.e. formed by Brazilians and immigrants. As scope, students with Bolivian ancestry were defined as protagonists of the research and were monitored during the Portuguese classes of the sixth grade of Elementary School II in a school located in the district of Brás (São Paulo/SP), chosen due to the concentration of individuals from the Bolivian community (cf. SILVA, 2006; CYMBALISTA; XAVIER, 2007; FREITAS, 2012). In this way, from the spontaneous texts written by students of Bolivian and Brazilian ancestry, regarding the data collection strategy of Cagliari (1994), the analysis investigated their main orthographic challenges, with the objectives of (i) identifying the nature of the difficulties of the protagonists students, relating the results to the production of the Brazilian students; (ii) verifying if the possible situation of constant contact with Spanish in family life results in transfers from Spanish to Portuguese; (iii) comparing the difficulties of Bolivians and Brazilian-born children of Bolivian immigrants, investigating if these students face similar challenges; and finally, (iv) proposing didactic activities based on the main needs identified in the analysis, to help the public school teachers to lead the teaching of Portuguese writing in heterogeneous classrooms. In general, the results have indicated that Bolivians, Brazilian-born children of Bolivian immigrants and Brazilians, in the studied group, present similar difficulties, being the main one related to the differentiation between speech and writing, since in the majority of the productions there was the representation of Portuguese phonological processes, as well as other difficulties in choosing graphemes motivated, often, by the pronunciation associated to the competition of letters. In addition, Bolivian students and Brazilian-born children of Bolivian immigrants presented the same difficulties in the productions, related to phonological processes and the selection of graphemes, and also transfers from Spanish to Portuguese. Finally, based on these results, didactic activities were proposed focusing on the differences between speech and writing and in the reflections on a real situation of prejudice associated with orthography. As a main conclusion, it was verified that students of Bolivian ancestry, even if inserted in classes that do not bring the specific language teaching to immigrants, are effectively learning Brazilian Portuguese in the oral modality, since they transfer pertinent hypotheses on the language to writing.