The purpose of this paper is the examination of previous STS-based frameworks for rational risk evaluation and the role of Fukushima residents as co-creators of new technical codes in safety and risk. To accomplish this task, the causes of nuclear refugees’ uncertainty and distrust towards the industry and the applicability of frameworks for scientific proceduralism and democratic rationalization by Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Andrew Feenberg to this issue will be discussed.

M.A. / The central problem this research addresses is to establish if the Presidential Public Participation Programme (izimbizo/imbizo) constitutes a form of participatory policy analysis and policy evaluation as proposed in the general policy literature. The izimbizo programme is uniquely suited to meet the requirements of the (South) African context. Post-positivism provides a different approach through policy analysis, especially in relation to valuative and normative approaches. The research is furthermore applied, as it seeks to improve the application and existing practice around organising the izimbizo. The research proposes the extension of the use of the programme beyond that of merely a communication tool, into the realm of the policy process. The objectives of this dissertation were to provide an overview of the concept of izimbizo as a deliberative approach to policy making, focusing particularly on the evaluation process. The research systematically explores how the izimbizo is operationalised. It provides an overview of the international trends and international examples of successful participatory methods. Consideration is given as to how information at different stages of the policy cycle may be used for improving policy making. The research further explores existing research on public participation as well as the theory regarding deliberative approaches as a more recent mechanism for policy analysis in a democratic milieu. The benefits as well as limitations to using the izimbizo as a deliberative approach in the policy process as well as in policy monitoring and evaluation in general are explored. The study also provided a strong case for developing a clear social contract through the use of participatory programmes such as the izimbizo in order to develop citizenship and to create a positive role for sophisticated accountability.

Housing requisition (Fangwu Zhengshou) is defined as the power to take residents’ property for public use by the state. Between 1995 and 2010, one million residential units were relocated from the inner city of Shanghai to the outskirts of the city or suburban counties. Historically, residents have been excluded stakeholders in large-scale urban renewal in post-reform China. Starting in 2011, Shanghai requires residents to vote on property takings for inner-city renewal. In March 2013, residents voted down the Block 59 project in the North Bund area in Shanghai, which marks the first housing requisition project for inner-city redevelopment rejected by residents in Shanghai. This research illustrates how citizen participation frames or structures the relocation decision-making and whether participation matters. This dissertation investigates four lines of inquiry: 1) How are housing requisition regulations and negotiations shaped at the district level in Shanghai? 2) What roles do the state and local authorities play, and how is this associated with urban redevelopment regimes under neoliberal governance? 3) Do the more “participatory” approaches to housing requisition for urban redevelopment address power relations and conflicts among local groups in different districts? If so, how? 4) What strategies do residents use to negotiate inner-city redevelopment? I utilize qualitative methods to recognize the complexities of citizen participation in urban renewal in Shanghai, and to develop an understanding of the dynamics of citizen participation and governance structures. The 2011 regulations provide a more transparent, open and interactive process for community residents directly affected by housing requisition projects. However, the term “public interest” is ambiguously defined under the 2011 regulations. Findings suggest that state-led participation in housing requisition is a tool for the government authorities to facilitate economic growth through requisition and strengthen the legitimacy for requisition among the relocated residents. The shift of compensation from counting the number of people in a household to considering the size and value of the apartment illustrates the shift from a social welfare approach to a market approach. The participation schemes promote fairness in a certain way that people who hold out for more compensation lose the power.

Ao se estudar a história do desenvolvimento da participação e do controle social no Brasil, nota-se que a evolução cronológica busca a legalização do direito à participação e ao controle social, conquistado principalmente através dos movimentos sociais organizados a partir da década de 70. Este trabalho analisou a produção científica a respeito da participação e do controle social no setor saúde, no Brasil, no período advindo da Carta Constitucional de 1988, através de artigos indexados na base de dados LILACS, nos últimos dez anos. Para a análise, os artigos foram classificados de acordo com o tema correlacionado com a participação e o controle social. Ao analisar os dados foi possível concluir que apesar do direito de participação e controle social estar garantido pela legislação vigente, o processo para a construção desses direitos caracteriza-se por vários desafios na consolidação do direito à saúde conquistado através da Constituição Cidadã. O aumento do número de espaços formais para essas atividades não garante a qualidade dessa participação. Ou seja, é preciso avaliar se os espaços institucionais têm sido usados para a tomada de decisões em favor dos interesses coletivos, de forma democrática, ou se apenas surgiram novos espaços para a representação de velhos interesses corporativistas e individuais. / The studies of history development of participation and social control at Brazil, say that the chronological evolution is after to legalised the directs for participation and social control, guaranteed, primary, for the socials movements organised from the decade of 70ths. This work analyses the scientific production of respect to the participation and social control in the health area, at Brazil, in the period forward of the Constitutional Letter of 1988, for all the articles available at LILACS’s base, in the last ten years. In order to do this analysis, the documents were separated in the subject of participation and social control and correlated. From analysing the base was possible to assume that, although, the directs of participation and social control are guaranteed for the law, the process of construction of these directs, are characterised by many challenges to the consolidation of directs to the health got from the citizen constitution. Although, there are more formal spaces to those activities, the quality of this participation is not guaranteed. It means, that is necessary to evaluate if those institutional spaces are used to the decision process in favour of the commum interest, in a democratic way, or if only exist new spaces to represent the corporation old interest and individuals ones.

Mounting recognition of the socio-political context of the management of water resources has rendered the application of technocratic approaches in isolation insufficient in addressing future management challenges with participatory approaches increasingly promoted in response. Against this background, new regulatory mechanisms in the water sector in England and Wales promise an increased role for the views of customers in water utility planning and decision- making. Yet, existing scholarship on the institutionalisation of participative approaches in water utility planning and decision-making in England and Wales is sparse. This thesis contributes to an improved understanding of factors that hold potential to impact institutionalisation of participative approaches in this context by focusing on three specific aspects of effectiveness; motivational clarity, the influence of participative mechanism design, and the use and influence of water utility customer contributions in water sector planning and decision-making. This has been achieved through the deployment of participatory research in collaboration with the sponsoring organisation (a water utility operating in England and Wales) utilising group discussion and semi-structured interviews with domestic water customers and water utility practitioner respectively. Findings demonstrate that preference elicitation vehicles embedded within participatory mechanisms hold the potential to influence participants expressed preferences thus representing a key design consideration where multi- mechanism approaches are deployed in planning and decision-making contexts. Furthermore, useful design considerations for multi-attribute presentation in participatory mechanisms are presented. Findings also identify a dominance of instrumental and legalistic practitioner motivations for the use of participative approaches in water utility decision-making. Foremost, it identified the significance of the regulator in driving water utility practices for the management and influence of customer contributions in planning and decision- making, and more fundamentally illustrates the significant barrier posed by a legacy of technocratic practices for the institutionalisation of participatory approaches in water utilities.

A existência de instrumentos de política e gestão ambiental não garantem, por si, a compatibilização do crescimento econômico com a manutenção da qualidade ambiental objetivos estabelecidos pela Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Lei 6.938/81). Uma das razões para essa constatação é a desarticulação entre os instrumentos implementados, bem como a simples não implementação de alguns. Levando-se em consideração a estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente (SISNAMA) dada pela política nacional, a atuação das instituições competentes é também um fator importante nesse processo, uma vez que estão vinculadas diretamente com as conseqüências práticas do processo decisório. Nesse sentido, a análise dos mecanismos que se relacionam com a inserção da variável ambiental no processo decisório em âmbito municipal, articulada entre as diferentes instituições que o integram, é importante para verificar os aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à consecução dos objetivos mencionados. Nesse contexto se insere a presente dissertação, realizada com o objetivo de investigar as diferentes práticas que têm envolvido a atuação da sociedade no processo decisório, a partir do estudo dois diferentes canais de participação que se apresentam para a gestão ambiental municipal em São Carlos - SP - o Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente de São Carlos (COMDEMA - SC) e o Ministério Público Estadual (MP). Utilizando como referência as distinções de níveis de participação descritos pela literatura, visitas aos órgãos e levantamento documental foram sistematizados os dados a respeito da participação da sociedade ao longo de todo o período de atuação dos agentes investigados, sendo os resultados discutidos à luz da teoria, apontando as dificuldades e oportunidades para o aperfeiçoamento da prática participativa na questão ambiental municipal. / The existence of instruments of environmental policy and management do not ensure, by itself, to reconcile economic growth with the maintenance of environmental quality - goals set by the National Environment Policy of Brazil (Lei 6.938/81). One reason for this finding is the disconnection between the tools implemented, and the simple lack of some. Taking into account the structure of the National Environmental System (SISNAMA) given by national policy, the role of relevant institutions is also an important factor in this process, since they are linked directly with the practical consequences of the decision making process. In this sense, the analysis of the mechanisms that relate to the inclusion of the environmental variable in decision making at the municipal level, articulated between the different institutions that comprise it, it is important to check the positive and negative aspects related to the achievement of the goals mentioned. In this context we present the dissertation, conducted in order to investigate the different practices that have involved the role of society in decision-making, from the study of two different agents that promote participation and are disponible to municipal environmental management in São Carlos - SP - the City Council\'s Environment of São Carlos (COMDEMA - SC) and State Public Prosecutor (MP). Using as reference the distinctions of levels of participation described in the literature, visits to organs and documentary survey were systematized data about the participation of society throughout the period of performance of the agents investigated and those resuoltados discussed in the light of the theory, pointing out the difficulties and opportunities for the improvement of participatory practice in local environmental questions.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T12:42:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Eliane de Souza Silva Bueno.pdf: 8157808 bytes, checksum: b8696d370f3cb04c61d636353ca64d4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T12:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Eliane de Souza Silva Bueno.pdf: 8157808 bytes, checksum: b8696d370f3cb04c61d636353ca64d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / The goal of this research was to contribute to the reformulation of the Pedagogical Project of the Technical Course in Agriculture of the Federal Institute of Tri?ngulo Mineiro ? Uberl?ndia Campus in the year of 2011. For that, we used the methodology of the participant research, with a qualitative approach that was able to face the challenge of involving all those responsible for this course, both teachers and education specialists during the development of this work. The intention is that the new Pedagogic Project can finally make the articulation between the professional education and the general education (High School) possible, and also provide the necessary update in the curriculum. The debates were based on the legislation for the Basic and Professional Education, and on scientific articles and texts that study the interdisciplinary and the transdisciplinarity. The research instruments included semi-structured questionnaires addressed to the students and teachers, folders of graduated student?s internship and documents posted on Google Docs. As a result of the process, even with the curriculum maintaining the disciplinary structure, we were able to motivate teachers to glimpse numerous possibilities of articulation through interdisciplinary and trandisciplinarity activities, through the completion of projects, already in the first half of 2012 / Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de contribuir para a reformula??o do Projeto Pedag?gico do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal do Tri?ngulo Mineiro ? C?mpus Uberl?ndia no ano de 2011. Foi utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa participante, com uma abordagem qualitativa que possibilitou enfrentar o desafio de envolver todos os respons?veis por esse curso, tanto professores quanto especialistas da educa??o durante a consecu??o deste trabalho. O que se pretende ? que o novo Projeto Pedag?gico efetive, de fato, a articula??o entre o ensino profissional e a forma??o geral (Ensino M?dio), al?m de propiciar a necess?ria atualiza??o curricular. As discuss?es pautaram-se na legisla??o vigente para a Educa??o B?sica e Profissional e, em textos e artigos cient?ficos que contemplam a interdisciplinaridade e a trandisciplinaridade. Os instrumentos de pesquisa inclu?ram question?rios semiestruturados dirigidos aos estudantes e aos professores, pastas de est?gio de estudantes egressos e documentos postados no Google Docs. Como resultado do processo, mesmo a matriz curricular, mantendo a estrutura disciplinar, conseguimos motivar os docentes a vislumbrarem in?meras possibilidades de articula??o por meio de atividades interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares e com a realiza??o de projetos, j? no primeiro semestre de 2012

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / Local government is a key point of service delivery and is the sphere where most people interface with government. A good relationship with communities at local government level is therefore critical. Ward committees were designed to improve the relationship between citizens and municipalities and to give effect to the constitutional obligations of municipalities, to provide democratic government and to involve citizens in the affairs of local government. The establishment of ward committees has been met with great enthusiasm by local communities, as a platform to engage with municipalities. National government and provincial governments were key drivers in this project , with support to municipalities in the establishment of ward committee. This endeavour was intended to facilitate better relationships and cooperation between council and its communities. This objective of this research study was to explore whether participatory democracy can be enhanced through a participatory monitoring and evaluation approach within the current ward committee system. The main research question was whether ward committees could be utilised as effective instruments for participatory monitoring and evaluation of municipal service? The sub-questions were: what is the theoretical and legal framework for ward committees; what was the status of ward committee in Knysna Municipality; what were the challenges of the ward committee system; is there a role for ward committees in participatory monitoring and evaluation; and were there recommendations for the involvement of ward committees in participatory, monitoring and evaluation and improvement of the efficacy of ward committees? The study arose out of continuous service delivery protests by communities because of the dissatisfaction with the state of municipal services. Secondly, various research studies have found that, despite national, provincial and local government support programmes for ward committees, the majority remain ineffective and inefficient, and the social distance between communities and municipalities is growing. The lack of communication and the non-responsiveness of municipalities were found to be some of the main causes for the ineffectiveness of ward committees. Key theorists suggest that some of these protests would not occur if effective monitoring and evaluation are institutionalised and communities are involved in monitoring and evaluation. A participatory approach for monitoring and evaluation was therefore examined within the local government legislative framework of South Africa. A qualitative research method was chosen, using a case study design. The case study design was chosen because such studies do not attempt to make any generalisations in term of the results or that it will be similar in another case study. This study was focussed on exploring and understanding the issue. Primary data was collected through interviews and focus groups with ward committee members, ward councillors and municipal officials. Key findings gave emphasis to challenges of lack of communication, non-responsiveness of municipalities and contestation from other community-based organisations that had a negative impact on the credibility and authority of ward committees. The effectiveness of the municipal performance management system as a monitoring and evaluation tool was also questioned in the findings. The significance or value of the study lies in the finding that willingness for participatory monitoring and evaluation exists as does the insight into the status of municipal performance management systems. Recommendations are made for delegating monitoring and evaluation functions to ward committees. Further investigations into modalities for participatory or result-based monitoring and evaluation, as well as the impact of financial and audit driven performance management system are recommended.

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo empírico com abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo é, a partir do estudo de caso do processo de licenciamento ambiental da Usina Termoelétrica de Canas/SP, compreender concretamente os instrumentos de participação pública disponíveis em sua articulação em um procedimento estabelecido, bem como identificar o potencial e o déficit democrático do processo de licenciamento ambiental. A partir da análise de um caso específico, a dissertação apresenta as relações e as interações sociais que se dão no âmbito de um processo normatizado que tem por finalidade culminar numa deliberação pela administração pública. Para compreender essas relações e interações mediadas por um processo, o trabalho utiliza dados constantes dos trâmites do licenciamento da Usina Termoelétrica de Canas e aqueles obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com atores que participaram desse processo. / This work consists in an empirical study with a qualitative approach which, from the case study of the environmental permitting process of Canas Thermoelectric Plant, aims to understand the public participation instruments available in its articulation with an established procedure, as well as identify the potential and the democratic deficit of the environmental permitting process. From the case study, this work intends to reveal the relationships and social interactions that take place within an standardized process which culminates in a deliberation by the public administration. To understand these relationships and interactions the research uses data from the Canas Thermoelectric Plant environmental permitting process and those obtained by semi-structured interviews carried out with actors who participated in this process.

abstract: Urban planning in the neoliberal era is marred by a lack of public engagement with urban inhabitants. Henri Lefebvre’s ‘right to the city’ theory is often treated as a way to empower disenfranchised urban inhabitants who are lacking control over the urban spaces they occupy. Though the right to the city has seen a resurgence in recent literature, we still lack a deep understanding of how right to the city movements work in practice, and what the process looks like through the lens of the everyday urban inhabitant. This dissertation seeks to fill these gaps by examining: 1) how a minority-led grassroots movement activates their right to the city in the face of an incoming light rail extension project in South Phoenix, Arizona, USA, and 2) how their right to the city movement demonstrates the possibility of urban society beyond the current control of neoliberalism. Through the use of participant observation, interviews, and media analysis, this case reveals the methods and tactics used by the group to activate their right to the city, the intra-and inter-group dynamics in the case, and the challenges that ultimately lead to the group’s demise.Tactics used by the group included protesting, organizing against city council, and creating a ballot initiative. Intra-group dynamics were often marred by conflicts over leadership and the acceptance of outside help, while inter-group conflicts erupted between the group, politicians, and pro-light rail supporters. The primary challenge to the group’s right to the city movement included neoliberal appropriation by local politicians and outside political group. By possessing limited experience, knowledge, and resources in conducting a right to the city movement, the grassroots group in this case was left asking for help from neoliberal supporters who used their funding as a way to appropriate the urban inhabitant’s movement. Findings indicate positive possibilities of a future urban society outside of neoliberalism through autogestion, and provide areas where urban planners can improve upon the right to the city. If urban planners seek out and nurture instances of the right to the city, urban inhabitants will have greater control over planning projects that effect their neighborhoods. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Urban Planning 2019