For a long time, inclusion or inclusive education (IE) has been high on the agenda both internationally and in Sweden, not least since the signing of the Salamanca Declaration in 1994 and the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. These call for inclusion to be the norm and are guided by the principle that all pupils, regardless of needs, feel that their social, emotional and academic needs are being met. Since the introduction of Lgr11 (2011), the most recent Swedish curriculum, special educational needs (SEN) should be seen as arising out of educational environments and methods that are not adapted enough to be accessible to a wide diversity of pupils. Despite a significant body of research into inclusive education, several researchers raised that few studies focused on the pupil perspective, few were collaborative and few focused on all pupils, that is to say, their focus lies only on pupils with SEN. Arguably, selecting certain groups to investigate goes against the ethos of inclusion and risks missing information from pupils experiencing difficulties that are not yet identified.  When considering factors impacting feelings of inclusion, many studies have raised the importance of socio-emotional functioning alongside academic self-concept. This collaborative study looks at how included pupils in a free school in Stockholm feel, with a focus on whether there is a difference between the pupils’ perception of inclusion depending on whether they have self-reported SEN or not, what grade they are in and their gender. This is measured using a new instrument, the ‘Perception of Inclusion Questionnaire (PIQ) - student version’, which is also being validated as a tool for measuring inclusion in Sweden. Results indicate clearly that pupils with SEN feel significantly less included than their typically-developing peers across all three scales, emotional inclusion, social inclusion and academic self-concept. In addition, grade has an impact, with pupils in Grade 8 having lower feelings of emotional inclusion, social inclusion and academic self-concept than in Grade 5. This difference was apparent for all pupils but the effect was greater in pupils with SEN. Gender returned insignificant results on all three scales. Another interesting result is that more pupils self-report actual or suspected SEN than the school reports, indicating that there are a number of pupils with difficulties who would be overlooked in studies that do not include all pupils. The Swedish version of the PIQ for Students has been validated.

Sammanfattning Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa kunskap om hur elevhälsoteam kan gestaltas för att inte bara vara åtgärdande utan även hälsofrämjande och förebyggande. Tidigare forskning, nationella granskningar och rapporter har visat på svårigheter för elevhälsoteam att arbeta utifrån sitt uppdrag att vara främst förebyggande och hälsofrämjande. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i att undersöka om elevhälsoteamets som studeras arbetar främst förebyggande och hälsofrämjande. Indikatorer i en tidigare pilotstudie indikerar på att så är fallet och syftet är att undersöka detta närmare och om det iså fall finns en brytpunkt när elevhälsoteamet började arbeta på detta sätt. Vidare är syftet att, om det finns en brytpunkt, undersöka vilka faktorer som bidragit till att detta arbetssätt utvecklades och vilka faktorer som upprätthåller detta. Studiens teoretiska ansats är systemteori om lärandeorganisationer samt teori om tvärprofessionella team. Andra ansatser är olika specialpedagogiska perspektiv, ett salutogent perspektiv samt ekologisk utvecklingsmodell. Dessa teorier används även i analysen. En variant av metodtriangulering har använts. Detta innebär att empirin är insamlad från flera olika källor för att identifiera olika perspektiv på elevhälsoarbete i materialet samt se var samstämmighet föreligger. Följande datamaterial har samlats in: a) 13 observationer av elevhälsoteamsmöten med lärare b) 3 observationer av elevhälsoteamsmöten utan lärare c) en fokusgruppsintervju med elevhälsoteamet d) en intervju med psykolog i elevhälsoteamet e) en intervju med två rektorer f) en fokusgruppsintervju med elever med åtgärdsprogram samt g) en enkät till alla pedagogerna på skolan. Observations- och intervjumaterialet har transkriberats och samtliga material har analyserats genom att identifiera återkommande teman och sedan tolka dem genom tidigare forskning och studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter. Elevhälsoteamet i undersökningen har rört sig från att arbeta mest med åtgärder till att även arbeta förebyggande och hälsofrämjande och skiljer sig således till delar från elevhälsoteam som studerats tidigare. Rektors roll var viktig för att utvecklingsarbetet skulle inledas men även för att upprätthålla arbetssättet, enligt flera datakällor. Att rektor skapar tydliga mål, sprider visionen och håller i utvecklingsarbetet över lång tid lyftes fram som betydelsefullt. Att elevhälsoteamet har tydliga rutiner för hur samarbetet med lärarna ska utformas samt för användningen av ett elevcentrerat arbetssätt är andra faktorer som framstår som viktiga i den empiriska analysen. Resultaten i uppsatsen diskuteras utifrån den teoretiska bakgrunden och tidigare forskning. / The aim of this study is to create knowledge about how pupil welfare teams in schools can work with health promotion and prevention and not only with remedial work. Earlier research together with national reports and inspections has shown the challenge for pupil welfare teams to work with prevention and health promotion. The study first explored if the pupil welfare team in the study also worked with prevention and health promotion. Indications of this way of working was shown in an earlier study and the aim was then to further explore if there was an inflection point when the pupil welfare team started to work in these ways. In case there was such a point, the aim was also to further explore which factors that contributed to this and which factors that supported that these ways of working continued. System theory and theories about cross-professional teams are used as theoretical perspectives in the analysis. Special pedagogical perspectives and the salutogenic perspective were also used in the analysis together with earlier research about pupil welfare teams. Both qualitative methods with interviews and participant observations and a quantitative method with a questionnaire are used in the study. The information from the different data sources was triangulated in order to identify both different and convergent perspectives of the research questions. The following data material has been collected: a) 13 observations of pupil welfare teams including teachers b) 3 observations of pupil welfare teams without teachers c) a group interview with the pupil welfare team d) an interview with the psychologist in the pupil welfare team e) an interview with both headmasters in the school f) a group interview with six pupils g) a questionnaire to all teachers working on the school. Results show that the pupil welfare team has gone from remedial work to work more with prevention and health promotion. The results indicate the important role of the principal for creating clear goals and common visions. To stay long and hold on to the strategies are important for developing the way of working with prevention and health promotion. Clear routines, close co-operation with teachers and a pupil centered way of working are other keys to success for developing and hold on to prevention and health promotion work in pupil welfare teams. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical background and earlier research.

The diploma thesis deals with the hygienic and working habits of left-handed pupils at the first level of elementary schools. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and research. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic information about laterality, brain hemispheres and school maturity. The main focus is on leftist and writing, where we focus on preparation for writing and individual hygiene and working habits of pupils. Problems of written speech and famous leftists are also mentioned. The research part is focused on the survey of the level of hygienic and working habits of primary school pupils. The research was conducted in the form of observations. The obtained results are graphically processed and interpreted. In conclusion, there is a recommendation for working with left-handers in practice.

Title: Tutoring of elementary school pupils outside school Summary: The diploma thesis provides complex analysis of pilot of National library focused on supporting pupils of elementary school with preparation for school tasks. Within the first part thesis is focused on methods of out of school tutoring in Czech Republic. Subsequently I have monitored the participation of pilot's volunteers within Municipal library in Prague - Bohnice and their interaction with pupils. Thesis describes individual approaches of particular tutors and try to identify drawbacks and finally evaluate ideal approach. Key words: Tutoring, elementary school pupil, disadvantaged pupil, library, project, out of school premises, preparation for school tasks, regular preparation, mentoring, volunteerin

Title of the thesis: Release of pupils from physical education in elementary schools Aims of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was to find out the main causes of the release of pupils from physical education (PE) at 8 primary schools in the districts of Kolín and Nymburk, to outline the health consequences of release, to monitor the situation regarding the number of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) and to examine the subjective opinions of teachers on the issue using fieldwork data collection. Method: It is a questionnaire survey conducted at 8 primary schools in the district of Nymburk and Kolín. The research group consisted of 16 physical education teachers (2 teachers from each school), 12 women and 4 men. The questionnaire is divided into 2 parts. The first part, where general information and pupil numbers were collected, was completed by all respondents. The second part was intended for those who have pupils in their class with special educational needs. Results: 4.46 % of pupils were released from physical education at the schools interviewed in 2018/2019. The most common reason for TV release is muscle, skeletal or connective tissue disease (27 %). According to teachers, too many students in the group and the risk of progression of the disease or injury were the most frequent...

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of education of pupils with different mother tongue and intellectual disabilities. The theoretical part is focused on definition of the fundamental concepts which are narrowly associated with the subject. It speaks about pupils with intellectual disabilities and different mother tongue, their education which concludes framework education programmes and supporting measures and statistical data of number of pupils with different mother tongue. The practical part defines targets and and research questions, methodology and its subchapters delimiting technology of collecting the data, characteristics of research sample and analytical procedure. Lastly in this part we can find chapters with results of research and subchapter summarizing answers to the research questions. The last chapter is discussion and recommendation for practice. The goal of the practical part of the diploma thesis is to find support for pupils of the elementary schools who have different mother tongues and intellectual disabilities. In the research process there was found that the support of pupils of the primary schools who have different mother tongue and intellectual disabilities is an individual matter. Every pupil needs a specific form of support, its extent and that is the reason why the...

My diploma thesis is focused on inclusive education of pupil with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic from the parents' point of view. The theoretical part specializes in the individual chapters on hearing impairment generally, on the possibilities of rehabilitation and use of compensating aids or on logopedic (speech therapy) intervention. Further, the thesis describes education of pupils with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic at schools for pupils with hearing impairment but also at schools with the main education stream. It introduces the possibilities of education and support from the child's birth to the university study. It also introduces foreign models of education of pupils with hearing impairment in 4 chosen countries. The goal of empiric part was to chart the current situation in inclusive education of pupils with hearing impairment from the parents' point of view; to describe pros and cons of inclusion, cooperation with teachers, adaptation and education with intact classmates and also to find out how the inclusion is perceived by teachers and if their opinions are in accordance with parents' opinions. The method of semi-structured interviews with parents of pupils with hearing impairment and with teachers who already have experience with education of these pupils was used...

This diploma thesis is focused on issues connected to possibilities of developement of mathematically talented pupils from the first grade. In the theoretical part there basic terms related to the education of talented pupils in th Czech Republic are summarised and explained. In next part motivation, processes of motivatiom and the most frequent usage of Math competitions as a part of the education in the Czech Republic are presented. The base of the practical part of this diploma thesis is a set of non standardized tasks and problems, whose target is to activate the cognitive developement of talented pupils. Part of the practical part of this thesis is a protocol about an experiment and analysis of the particular tasks and activities for talented pupils. The main aim of this thesis is to emphasise the importance of the developement of talented pupils and compile/form enriching tasks for talented pupils during Maths lessons. KEYWORDS Talent, talent models, motivation, cognitive process, non standardized tasks, aktivity.

Problems of education of pupils with Attention Deficit Disorder from the view of their teachers Lenka Kny Primary school education is influenced by many factors, such as the composition of the team at school, the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs, the presence of a teaching assistent The diploma thesis focuses on the education of students with Attention Deficit Disorder. Diagnoses of ADHD (Hyperactivity) and ADD are presented mainly in terms of manifestations that affect the course of lessons. The issue of education pupils with Attention Deficit Disorder is approached from the point of view of teachers who have expressed how they perceive work with ADHD and ADD. The factors that influence the teaching of these pupils were also summarized and the teachers named support that could, according to them, make the whole teaching proces more efficient. Four case studies presented specific examples of the education of two pupils with ADHD and two with ADD and associated problems who are often educated with the support of a teaching assistant.Teachers, using the example of these pupils, summarized their findings, which can be applied in a wider range of education of pupils with Attention Deficit Disorder. The presence of selected pupils in teaching has slowed down the pace of education, it...

眼動儀目前的主要用途在分析使用者的觀看行為，藉以改善介面的設計，或幫助身體有缺陷但眼睛還能轉動的使用者與外界溝通。隨著相關技術的發展，眼動儀將可能如同滑鼠、鍵盤一般，成為使用者輸入裝置的選項。本論文的目的在於設計並實作低成本之穿戴式與遠距眼動儀，並將其應用於以視線軌跡為基礎的人機介面，希望能夠增進人與電腦之間的互動方式。由於眼動儀會受到雜訊與角膜反射點等的影響，本研究提出利用瞳孔周圍暗色點比例較高的特性，增加定位之準確性，以改善眼動儀之精確度，此外，頭部的移動亦會造成眼動儀在計算投射位置時之誤差，本研究也針對這個問題提出因應之解決方案。利用前述製作的眼動儀，本論文實作數個以視線軌跡為基礎的人機介面，包括視線軌跡網頁瀏覽器、強化眼睛注視照片區域、井字遊戲、互動式媒體等，並利用眼動儀記錄使用者觀看手機介面的行為。 / Eye tracker, a device for measuring eye position and movements, has traditionally been used for research in human visual system, psychology and interface design. It has also served as an input device for people with disability. With recent progresses in hardware and imaging technology, it has the potential to complement, even replace popular devices such as mouse or keyboard for average users to communicate with the computer. It is the objective of this research to design and implement low-cost head-mounted and remote eye trackers and subsequently develop applications that take advantage of gaze-based interactions. Specifically, we improve the precision of the tracking result by designing a new pupil detection algorithm as well as compensating for head movement. We then present several gaze-based user interfaces, including eye-controlled web browser, attention-based photo browser, interactive game (tic-tac-toe) and media design. We also investigate the feasibility of utilizing the eye trackers to analyze and evaluate the design of mobile user interface.