Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T15:26:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianobonifacioferreira.pdf: 1398932 bytes, checksum: 35fc903673f2e3fd2fe420bc51595776 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T11:39:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianobonifacioferreira.pdf: 1398932 bytes, checksum: 35fc903673f2e3fd2fe420bc51595776 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T11:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianobonifacioferreira.pdf: 1398932 bytes, checksum: 35fc903673f2e3fd2fe420bc51595776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). Este estudo pretendeu analisar o processo de compras da Universidade Federal de Viçosa investigando possíveis fatores geradores de falhas. Nesta instituição, os pedidos de compra são lançados em um sistema informatizado e encaminhados a um órgão responsável pela abertura dos processos de licitação e pela compra centralizada. Porém, pedidos com algum tipo de falha, muitas vezes, não são percebidos por este órgão, resultando na não efetivação da compra ou na compra de itens de qualidade inferior com preços elevados, trazendo impacto nas atividades da instituição. A partir deste cenário, chega-se à pergunta norteadora desta pesquisa: por que alguns setores da universidade obtêm êxito em suas compras e outros não? Os objetivos definidos para este estudo foram: (1) Discutir o marco legal sobre as compras públicas no Brasil e apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema; (2) Contextualizar a instituição que foi o objeto deste estudo e mapear o processo de compras em quatro de seus departamentos; (3) Verificar a satisfação dos setores pesquisados e do órgão responsável pelas compras com o processo de compras da instituição e (4) Propor um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE). Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa tratou-se de um Estudo de Caso de viés qualitativo e, na pesquisa de campo, os instrumentos utilizados foram entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados e mapeamento de processos. Na revisão bibliográfica foram consultados autores como Hermann (1999), Costa (2000), Batista e Maldonado (2008), Motta (2010) e Carvalho (2012). Diante do estudo, concluiu-se que a falta de treinamento para os servidores bem como a falta de padronização nas rotinas e as falhas de comunicação foram identificadas como as possíveis causas para as falhas existentes no processo de compras da instituição. Ficou evidente a insatisfação dos usuários com o atual sistema de compras e que os setores pesquisados adotam boas práticas para melhorar o desempenho de suas compras, porém, elas são ocultas para os demais setores. Frente a isso, o Plano de Ação apresentado propõe a adoção de procedimentos padronizados para o processo de compras da UFV e uma política institucional de treinamento para que seus servidores realizem compras. / This work was developed under the Professional Master Degree in Management and Public Education Evaluation (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policy and the Education Evaluation Center of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). This study aimed to analyze the purchasing process of the Federal University of Viçosa investigating possible failures of generating factors. In this institution purchase orders are released in a computerized system and directed to an organ responsible for the opening of the bidding process and for the centralized purchasing. However, applications with some kind of failure often are not perceived by this sector, resulting in non-fulfillment of the purchase or the purchase of lower quality items with high prices, bringing impact on the activities of the institution. From this scenario, one comes to the central question of this research: why some sectors of the university are successful in their purchases and others do not? The objectives defined for this study were: (1) To discuss the legal framework on public purchasing in Brazil and present a literature review on the subject; (2) To contextualize the institution that was the object of this study and map the purchasing process in four of its departments; (3) Check the satisfaction of those surveyed sectors and the organ responsible for purchasing with the purchasing process of the institution and (4) To propose an Educational Action Plan (PAE in portuguese). Therefore, the methodology used to develop this research dealt with is a case study of qualitative bias and in field research, the instruments used were semi-structured interviews and process mapping. The literature review were consulted authors such as Hermann (1999), Costa (2000), Batista and Maldonado (2008), Motta (2010) and Carvalho (2012). Based on the study, it was concluded that the lack of training for civil servants and the lack of standardization in the routines and communication failures have been identified as possible causes for flaws in the institution's purchasing process. Was evident dissatisfaction of users with the current procurement system and that the sectors surveyed adopt good practices to improve the performance of your purchases, however, they are hidden from the other sectors. Given this, the Action Plan presented proposes the adoption of standardized procedures for the UFV purchasing process and an institutional policy of training for their servers to perform purchases.

I dagens spelindustri är det allt vanligare att spel innehåller affärsmodeller som innefattar mikrotransaktioner, det vill säga köp inom spelet. Framfarten av mikrotransaktioner har skapat många skilda åsikter. Denna studie är gjord för att skapa en inblick till hur spelare uppfattar och förhåller sig till fenomenet och dessutom fördjupa förståelsen av vad spelutvecklingsföretagen gör för att få sina spelare att genomföra köp inom sina spel. För att belysa problemet formades forskningsfrågan som följande: Hur förhåller sig spelare till mikrotransaktioner och på vilka sätt påverkar spelutvecklare spelare att genomföra köp genom mikrotransaktioner? Studien utfördes med en enkät som bestod av frågor utifrån en mixad metodansats. Frågornas karaktär formades med inslag av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa ansatser. 117 respondenter svarade på enkäten varpå enkätsvaren sedan analyserades och resultatet visar på att det finns både positiva och negativa åsikter om mikrotransaktioner och att det finns flera olika angreppssätt som spelutvecklarna använder sig av för att få sina spelare att genomföra köp. Utifrån tidigare forskning påvisar denna studie att synsättet på mikrotransaktioner förändrats positivt. Framför allt för att spelutvecklingsföretagen på senare tid fokuserat på att lyssna på sina spelare och genom det utvecklat mikrotransaktioner utifrån spelarnas behov men man måste också ta i beaktande att en positivare syn på mikrotransaktioner eventuellt kan leda till olika grader av beroende. Resultaten i denna studie kan påverka läsarens syn på fenomenet. Studien lyfter en ny syn på hur spelare förhåller sig till fenomenet som både motsäger och stärker tidigare forskning, vilket eventuellt kan gynna spelutvecklingsföretagen samt vidare forskning inom ämnet. / In today’s gaming industry it’s increasingly common to use business models that include microtransactions, in short in-game purchases. The recent rise of microtransactions has created many different opinions. This thesis was conducted to provide an insight of how the players perceive and relate to the phenomenon and further deepen the understanding of what game development companies do to get their players to make in-game purchases. To highlight the problem, the research question was formed as follows: How do players relate to microtransactions and how do game developers affect players to make purchases through microtransactions? The study was conducted with a questionnaire consisting of questions based on a mixed method. The nature of the questions was shaped with elements of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. 117 players responded on the questionnaire, which was analyzed and the result shows both positive and negative opinions about microtransactions and there were several different approaches that the game development companies use to convince their players to perform in-game purchases. Based on previous research, this study shows that the view on micro-transactions has changed to the positive. In particular, game development companies have recently focused on listening to their players leading to developed microtransactions based on player's needs but it need to be considered that a more positive view of microtransactions may potentially affect different degrees of addiction. The results in this study may affect the reader’s view of the phenomenon. The study highlights a new view of how players relate to the phenomenon that both contradicts and strengthens previous research, which may benefit game development companies as well as further research on the subject.

[pt] Esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar o grau de sintonia, entre as visões de clientes e fornecedores, que motiva a comercialização de soluções tecnológicas, considerando os principais atributos de decisão. Por meio desse estudo espera-se contribuir para um melhor entendimento do que as empresas de médio e grande porte buscam ao adquirir soluções tecnológicas, confrontando com o que os fornecedores consideram mais relevante na oferta de suas soluções. Ao longo do trabalho, procurou-se inicialmente fazer uma abordagem sobre a tecnologia da informação (TI), conceituando-a, buscando identificar sua aplicação e cobrir a importância atual da governança de TI nas empresas. Adicionalmente, apresentou-se a importância da tecnologia da informação no mundo corporativo, explorando sua utilização nas organizações e algumas medidas utilizadas para mensurar o retorno sobre esse investimento. O aspecto comportamental também é analisado, cobrindo-se o comportamento do comprador e do vendedor corporativo, no processo de comercialização de soluções tecnológicas. Por fim, para identificar os atributos comuns que formam as visões de clientes e fornecedores, utilizou-se grupos de foco, com compradores organizacionais e fornecedores de soluções de TI. Como resultado, identificaram-se oito principais atributos: alinhamento estratégico, custo, estrutura corporativa, entendimento da necessidade do negócio, marca, referências, relacionamento e risco. Em seguida foi realizada pesquisa de campo com 99 executivos representando compradores e fornecedores. A análise multivariada dos dados (análise conjunta) permitiu a identificação das principais convergências entre os segmentos estudados, comparando as visões de clientes e fornecedores. / [en] This work aims to identify the syntony degree, among clients and vendors visions, that motivates the commercialization of technological solutions, with regard to the main decision attributes. This study hopes to contribute for a better understanding, regarding what the medium and large companies seek to, when acquiring technological solutions, confronting with what vendors consider more important, when offering their solutions. Along the work, we search initially for doing a brief approach about information technology, conceptualizing it, trying to identify its application, highlighting to follow, the current importance of governance, for adoption of the IT in companies. Additionaly it presented the information technology value in the corporative world, exploring its utilization in the organizations and treating some metrics used to measure the return over the investments. The behavioral aspect also is analyzed, covering corporative buyer and corporative salesman´s behavior, in the commercialization process of technological solutions. Finally, to identify the common attributes that form the customers and vendors visions, it used focus groups, with corporative buyers and IT solutions suppliers. Like result, they identified eight main attributes: Strategic alignment, cost, corporative structure, need understanding to business, mark, references, relationship and risk. Soon after was performed field research with 99 (ninety nine) executives representing buyers and vendors. The multivariated analysis of the data (conjoint analysis) allowed the main convergences identification among studied segments, comparing customers and suppliers visions.

The thesis concerns with online purchases. It is more focused on the analysis of the target audience in the fitness studio, a production of a web and an online systém, their price calculation, involvement of the specific SEO optimalization for the fitness field and evaluation of the attendance measured by Google Analytics. It connects tools that are nearly free of charge and so e-mailing, social media Facebook and video canal YouTube. The company should make a decision about an investment in a new online presentation according to the discovered data.

El proyecto de rediseño del sistema se ha realizado para mantener la operación activa y el flujo de medicamentos en la empresa. Si bien la farmacia o el almacén principal representa el 10% de los ingresos netos de la organización, es la principal área de apoyo para los principales servicios ofrecidos por la clínica a los clientes, ya que es responsable del suministro médico al consumidor interno y externo donde se interactúa con las actividades de la empresa. La implementación del proyecto consistió en calcular los lotes óptimos para cada línea de productos que se agruparon para un mejor tratamiento de los medicamentos: 700 artículos a 50 familias. Las líneas de productos para aquellos con características similares se definieron y se pudieron comprar a un proveedor en particular. Además, se establecieron descuentos para reducir los niveles de precios en la farmacia. En relación con el control de stock, se estableció el Plan Cíclico basado en el análisis Multicriterio ABC. Como parte del alcance del proyecto, se tomó una muestra con un nivel de confianza del 90% de la implementación del tipo de producto "A" total para aplicar durante 3 meses. En efecto, los pedidos de productos elegidos en el Plan Piloto cayeron del 80% al 12.5% de las ventas no atendidas por la falta de disponibilidad de existencias y los altos precios. Los resultados se lograron con la implementación de nuevos procedimientos de POES que involucran a los responsables de las áreas de la Clínica. / The System redesign project has been done in order to maintain active operation and flow of medicines in the company. Although Pharmacy - or main warehouse - accounts for 10% of net income in the organization, it is the main area of support for the main services offered by the clinic to the customers, because it is responsible for the medical supply to consumer internal and external interacting with the activities of the company. The implementation of the project was to calculate the optimal batch order for each product line, which were grouped for better treatment of medicines - 700 items to 50 families. Product lines for those with similar characteristics were defined and could be purchased from a particular vendor. Also, discounts were established to reduce the levels of prices in the pharmacy. In relation to stock control, counting Cyclical Plan based on analysis Multicriteria ABC was established. As part of the project scope, a sample at 90% confidence level of total product type “A” implementation to apply for 3 months was taken. In effect, orders for products chosen in the Pilot Plan fell from 80% to 12.5% of sales not served by non-availability of stock and high prices. The results were achieved with the implementation of new POES procedures involving those responsible for the areas in the Clinic. / Tesis

The aim of this master thesis is to examine how Swedish public libraries approaches purchasing potentially controversial and anti-democratic books. According to the The Swedish Library Act, libraries should work towards the development of the democratic society and act for the benefit of free speech. If that is the case, how do libraries approach non-democratic works, for example works that speculate in racism or even genocide? This have been a widely discussed topic in media the last couple of years, fuelled by two decisions by the Swedish Parliamentary Ombudsman (Justitieombudsmannen) that ruled that two public libraries acted wrongly in their decisions to deny purchase of a couple of controversial books that had been requested to be purchased by patrons. This study is based on five qualitative interviews of managers representing five different Swedish public libraries, supplemented by a review of the libraries steering documents. To summarize this study finds that there has been a shift over the last couple of years how public libraries approach potentially controversial books. In the past, it was more common for libraries to not carry any books considered anti-democratic or xenophobic. However, today it is very common for libraries to add these kinds of books to their collection. The only aspect a library can deny a purchase on is the “quality” of the work, not the values or opinions expressed in it. Because of the lack of a national definition of what exactly “quality” entails some libraries have worked out their own definition that they use when making decisions regarding media purchases. The representatives didn’t think that a national definition was needed and that and under the current configuration the libraries have more manoeuvrability and can apply their professional competence to a higher degree.

Stigande byggkostnader är idag ett faktum. Materialkostnaderna för ett projekt motsvarar ungefär 45 % av den totala byggkostnaden, vilket innebär att effektivare inköp av material kan leda till stora besparingar. Som ett led i detta har byggföretagen i större utsträckning satsat på att göra internationella inköp av material från utlandet. Detta examensarbete kommer att avgränsa sig mot inköp av glasfasadelement. Skanska Sverige köper idag in glasfasader från olika glasleverantörer i Europa, med detta hoppas man kunna minska sina byggkostnader. Att köpa in material från utlandet kan även föra med sig merkostnader som minskar besparingarna som görs. Syftet med examensarbetet är att lokalisera var dessa merkostnader förekommer och ge förslag på åtgärder hur dessa kan minskas. Studierna baseras på resultatet från två av Skanskas projekt där man i ena projektet använt sig av en svensk glasleverantörer och i det andra ett utländskt. Arbetet med att lokalisera merkostnaderna har utförts genom intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom företagen som varit delaktiga i projekten. Det som framgick ur intervjuresultaten var främst brister i projektering och montering av glasfasaderna som orsakats av kommunikationsbrist och missförstånd. Slutsatsen är att Skanska skulle möjligtvis kunna använda en enhet av projekt-koordinatorer som är delaktiga i arbetet vid projektering och montering med expertis inom internationella inköp samt utländsk arbetskraft. Detta skulle ge en bättre samordning av arbetet med de internationella inköpen och förhoppningsvis kunna minska merkostnaderna. / Increase in construction costs are now a fact. The material costs for a project is approximately 45% of the total construction cost. A more efficient purchase of materials can lead to big savings. As a part of this, the construction companies are now increasingly investing in international purchases of materials from abroad. This thesis will define itself in the purchases of curtain walls. Skanska Sweden is today purchasing curtain walls from various glass suppliers in Europe with hope to reduce their construction costs. To purchase materials from abroad may also impose additional costs that may reduce the savings. The aim of this thesis is to locate where these additional costs exists and to suggest measures on how these costs can be reduced. The studies will be based on the results from two of Skanska’s projects were one of the projects has a Swedish supplier and the other a foreign supplier of curtain walls. Efforts to locate additional costs have been done through interviews with key individuals within the companies which were involved in the projects. What emerged from the interview results were mainly shortcomings in the design and installation of the curtain walls caused by lack of communication and misunderstandings. The conclusion is that Skanska would possibly be able to use a unit of project coordinators who are involved in the work of design and installation with expertise in international purchases and foreign workers. This would provide a better coordination of the work with international purchases and hopefully be able to reduce the additional costs.

Video games have become a great source of entertainment and emerged as a massive industry in the past few decades. Technological advancements and evolution of smartphones have made it easier for developers to develop and launch their games on different platforms mostly in digital form. Where the technology has facilitated game developers, it has also made this industry very competitive. Companies/developers need to consistently review their monetization strategies and make necessary changes to them in order to stay profitable. This study evaluates the monetization approaches of a case game by conducting a public survey. By analyzing the responses received from users from different regions of the world, this study found out how users from different regions have different attitudes towards gaming and how these can affect monetization approaches. Users from different regions spend time on gaming differently and their total number of gaming hours also vary. The findings from the thesis show that the specific hours might be a potential for gaming companies monetization investigation. In-game advertisements is one of the most popular monetization approaches and majority of the users from all age groups, regions, genders, and professions have no issues watching ads to receive some in-game benefits. Similarly, in-app purchase model of the case game proved to be very popular among its users. Subscriptions model, on the other hand, may prove to be another popular model for generating revenue, however, the company needs to address some issues to make users continue with their subscriptions. This study points out some reasons why users stop spending money on the case game. The study identifies some mitigation points as potential aspects that might have impact on monetization.

[pt] O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi verificar a aderência das contratações da Marinha do Brasil ao desenvolvimento sustentável e propor um modelo de contratações sustentáveis. A relevância do estudo está baseada no potencial da contratação pública enquanto instrumento capaz de contribuir para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa foi delimitada às contratações de bens e serviços, por meio da modalidade pregão, sob a forma eletrônica, no período de 2017 a 2020, realizadas por cinco Organizações Militares (OM) da MB. Trata-se de um estudo de caso exploratório, realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Buscou-se identificar como está a aplicação dos critérios de sustentabilidade nas contratações das OM selecionadas no presente estudo e os resultados alcançados, bem como identificar como os militares das OM selecionadas, dentro de suas respectivas atribuições no processo de contratação, veem a aplicação desses critérios e suas eventuais barreiras. Verificou-se que a aplicação de critérios de sustentabilidade afetos à dimensão social vem obtendo resultados mais relevantes, enquanto os afetos à dimensão ambiental enfrentam maiores obstáculos em sua implementação. Outrossim, emergiram como as maiores barreiras, segundo os militares que atuam no setor de compras das OM em estudo, a falta de capacitação dos atores envolvidos no processo de compras e a insegurança jurídica conferida pelo arcabouço legal, em especial na sustentabilidade ambiental. O modelo de Contratações Públicas Sustentáveis proposto pode ser utilizado por todas as OM da MB, sendo aplicável nos processos de licitação e, no que couber, nos processos de dispensa de licitação. / [en] The general objective was to verify the adherence of the Brazilian Navy procurement to sustainable development and to propose a model. The relevance is based on the potential of public procurement as an instrument capable of contributing to the achievement of sustainable development. The research was limited to the hiring of goods and services, through the auction modality, in electronic form, in the period 2017 to 2020, carried out by five Military Organizations. This is an exploratory case study, carried out through bibliographical, documental and field research. We sought to identify how the sustainability criteria are applied in the hiring of the Military Organizations selected in this study and the results achieved, as well as to identify how the military personnel of the selected Military Organizations, within their respective attributions in the hiring process, see the application of these criteria and its possible barriers. It was found that the application of sustainability criteria related to the social dimension has obtained more relevant results, while those related to the environmental dimension face greater obstacles in their implementation. Moreover, the lack of training of the actors involved in the procurement process and the legal uncertainty conferred by the legal framework, especially in environmental sustainability, emerged as the biggest barriers, according to the military who work in the procurement sector of the units under study. The proposed sustainable public procurement model can be used by all units of the Brazilian Navy, being applicable in bidding processes and, where appropriate, in bidding waiver processes.

Title: Willing to shop like a (wo)man? - A consumer perspective on the perception of Pink Tax Subject: Bachelor thesis in business administration, 15 hp Authors: Maja Eriksson & Elina Magnusson Purpose: The purpose of this study is, therefore, to compare the perceptions about the Pink Tax between men and women in Sweden, including how the price influences the willingness to buy as well as perceived price fairness and perception of gendered products. Methodology: The study was conducted by qualitative interviews with a semi structured interview. 8 respondents within the ages of 20-25 were interviewed. Empirical findings: Swedish men and women both perceive Pink Tax as discriminatory and unethical. They also share an understanding of the potential consequences of the issue. Both men and women are heavily influenced by the gender specification of products and gender based marketing. Women have a more extensive awareness of the Pink Tax and the price discrimination it causes. Men however, understand the reasonings behind gender based pricing to a greater extent than women do. Women are more likely to purchase items marketed towards the opposite sex than men are. Lastly, men and women’s shopping behaviors are based on internal and external factors such as the involvement of products and personal values, rather than solely being distinguished by their gender. Limitations: Due to the limited time frame given, the respondents for the empirical study had to be limited, making it more difficult to generalize the results on the entire swedish population within the ages 20-25. Implications: Bringing attention to the unexplored issue of perception of the Pink Tax on the Swedish market is something this study aims to shine a light on. In the hope of stimulating the conversation of the Pink Tax, the society could become more aware of this subject, provoking action from companies as well as legislators in addition to increasing the knowledge among consumers.  Key words: Pink Tax, price discrimination, gender based pricing, perception, pricing, purchases, gender, men, women and Sweden.