Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur företag arbetar för att bygga upp sitt varumärke via syftesdriven marknadsföring. Studien kommer granska företagens kommunikation och CSR-arbete för att på så vis utreda om företagen använder sig av syftesdriven marknadsföring. För att uppnå syftet kommer intervjuer att genomföras med utvalda företag inom tre olika branscher. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ undersökning med en komparativ design. Genom halvstrukturerade livsvärldsintervjuer hos sex olika företag i tre olika branscher söktes förståelse kring företags varumärkesbyggande med hjälp av fenomenet syftesdriven marknadsföring. För att analysera empirin utgick studien delvis från modellen PCDL som kompletterades med ytterligare teorier och tidigare forskning. Slutsatser: Hos studiens undersökta företag konstaterades det att alla företag i studien arbetar med CSR i någon form och att endast ett fåtal av studiens företag använder sig av syftesdriven marknadsföring. / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how companies build their brand through purpose-driven marketing. The study will also examine the companies communication and CSR work in order to investigate if the companies are using purpose-driven marketing. To achieve the purpose, interviews will be conducted with selected companies in three different industries. Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, a qualitative study with a comparative design was used. Six different semi-structured interviews with companies in three different industries was carried out to seek more understanding of their branding through the phenomenon purpose-driven marketing. In order to analyze the empirical data, the study was partly based on the model PCDL and were supplemented by additional theories and previous research. Conclusions: In the study's investigated companies, it was found that all companies in the study work with CSR in some form and that only a few of the study companies use purpose-driven marketing.

Thesis advisor: Maureen E. Kenny / The relationship between race-related stress (RRS) and negative mental health outcomes has been well documented in research (Carter, 2007; Pinterse, Carter, Evans, & Walter, 2010). Emerging adulthood is a pivotal and challenging time when college students of color enrolled in predominantly White institutions (PWI) encounter RRS in college settings that are microcosms of the larger social environment. Despite the risks associated with RRS, students of color demonstrate a multitude of psychological strengths and well-being. The current study applies developmental contextual and strength-based frameworks to better understand the factors that contribute to positive psychological outcomes despite the presence of RRS. More specifically, this study examined the contributions of social support, sense of purpose, and critical consciousness to well-being and the role of these factors in moderating the relationship between race-related stress (RRS) and well-being. A sample of 196 undergraduate students of color attending a PWI in the Northeast participated. Students completed an on-line survey assessing their subjective experiences of RRS, social support, sense of purpose, critical consciousness, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that social support moderated the relationship between RRS and psychological well-being, decreasing the strength of the relationship. Lower depression and higher self-esteem were associated with sense of purpose and critical consciousness. The current study confirms the relationship between RRS and negative psychological well-being and identifies individual strengths (e.g., sense of purpose and critical consciousness) that explain well-being beyond the negative effects of RRS. This study adds to existing research with students of color in higher education by utilizing a strengths-based perspective and highlighting the strengths of students of color. Implications for theory, research, and practice in the college setting are explored. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Esse trabalho sintetiza a busca por uma orientação alternativa para o tratamento teórico-prático da determinação judicial da pena, com destaque especial para as particularidades referentes à fixação da pena-base. Para tanto, de saída, foi revisitado o discurso tradicional sobre a punição, de sorte a explicitar, já a partir desse campo de legitimação da pena, algumas das principais limitações das abordagens ditas oficiais a respeito dos fundamentos e finalidades atribuídos à reprimenda penal. Em seguida, buscou-se empreender uma crítica materialista da punição, o que foi feito por meio de uma abordagem histórico-social da pena e das instituições penais, das quais se examinou a origem e consolidação, até o desaguar no atual quadro de encarceramento em massa. Por fim, analisou-se as principais contribuições teóricas ao debate sobre a determinação da punição, de maneira a que fossem aduzidas as suas mais graves insuficiências, e, ao cabo, esboçou-se indicações, ainda que gerais, voltadas a uma atuação penal fundamentalmente referenciada na necessidade de se minorar os efeitos reconhecidamente dessocializadores do cárcere. / This paper summarizes the search for an alternative orientation to the theoretical and practical treatment of judicial sentencing, with particular attention to the particularities regarding the base sentencing. To do so, the traditional discourse on punishment was revisited, in order to clarify, from this field of penalty legitimacy, some of the main limitations of the so called official approach concerning the foundations and purposes attributed to criminal reprimand. Next, we sought to undertake a materialist critique of punishment, which was done through a socio-historical approach of sentences and penal institutions, whose origin and consolidation was examined, to the current flow of mass incarceration. Finally, the main theoretical contributions to the debates on the determination of punishment were analyzed, so that they were put forward to its most serious shortcomings, and indications were laid out, albeit general, geared primarily to a criminal action referenced on the need to mitigate the well known disocialisating effects of the jail.

O texto discute o conceito e o regime jurídico dos incentivos e das renúncias fiscais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Essas medidas jurídicas resultam do exercício da mesma competência legislativa que fundamenta a cobrança de tributos, mas os problemas jurídicos que suscitam não são exatamente os mesmos que se apresentam ordinariamente no debate tributário. Mais do que simplesmente normas tributárias, as leis que instituem incentivos fiscais configuram instrumentos para intervir na realidade social e modificá-la e precisam ser assim examinadas. Já não se trata apenas de resguardar o interesse privado do contribuinte contra a tributação indevida, excessiva ou intempestiva. O conflito entre fisco e contribuinte dá lugar à cooperação, e a norma tributária converte-se em ferramenta jurídica de indução de comportamentos e transformação da sociedade. Por isso, no estudo do tema, destaca-se não apenas a maneira como a regra de incentivo opera em relação ao dever fiscal, para eliminá-lo ou reduzi-lo, mas especialmente o modo como ela afeta a arrecadação fiscal e a conduta dos destinatários legais. Para tanto, propõe-se modelo de análise atento a três elementos: finalidade, regra e efeito externo. É fundamental considerar os propósitos que orientam a formulação da regra de incentivo, assim como os resultados concretos que produz. Essa forma de enxergar o fenômeno da exoneração fiscal favorece o controle de resultados e permite dar conta dos incentivos e renúncias fiscais como dois aspectos do mesmo fenômeno jurídico. / The text discusses the concept and legal regime of tax expenditure and tax incentives in the Brazilian Legal Framework. These measures derive from exercise of same legislative competency which establishes tax exaction, but the legal problems that derive from it are not exactly the same as those that included in revenue issue. More than simple fiscal rules, laws that constitute tax incentives are instruments of intervention and transformation of social reality, and need to be examined in this manner. It is no longer a question of safeguarding the taxpayers private interest against undue, excessive or hastily taxation. The conflict between the Public Treasury and taxpayers is replaced by cooperation, and the tax rule is converted into a legal instrument used to induce behaviors and to transform society. Hence, while studying the topic, not only how incentives rules relate to fiscal duty in order to eliminate or reduce it matter, but especially how they affect tax exaction and the conduct of its legal receiver. Therefore, an analytical model composed of the following three elements is proposed: purpose, rule and external effect, It is also fundamental to consider the intentions that guide formulation of incentives rule and its actual results. The way of foreseeing the fulfillment a tax duty enhances control over its results and allows rendering tax waivers incentives as two aspects of the same legal phenomenon.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e compreender os projetos de vida de jovens brasileiros estudantes do ensino médio, bem como suas concepções sobre felicidade. Além disso, foi apresentado um conflito hipotético envolvendo a escolha profissional do jovem e a opinião de sua família. Buscou-se especificamente analisar os processos psíquicos subjacentes às projeções de futuro dos jovens, bem como suas concepções ligadas ao bem-estar e à felicidade. A partir dos dados coletados com 120 estudantes de escolas públicas das cinco regiões brasileiras, procurou-se identificar as possíveis relações entre projetos de vida, significados de felicidade e resolução do referido conflito. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com os pressupostos da Teoria dos Modelos Organizadores do Pensamento, exigindo um trabalho minucioso e sem categorias prévias de análise. Foi utilizada a concepção de purpose desenvolvida por William Damon, que, embora comporte flexibilidade, define-se como uma intenção estável que envolve o self e, consequentemente, o mundo para além do self. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos participantes apresentou estruturas frágeis em relação a seus projetos de vida. No que se refere à felicidade, foi significada pela maioria em termos de relações interpessoais, ligada à convivência, seja com a família, seja com amigos ou pessoas significativas. No que tange à resolução do conflito, destaca-se o fato de que a maioria dos jovens escolheria sua profissão de acordo com seus interesses pessoais (afinidade) e não de acordo com a opinião da família. Ainda em relação ao conflito, ressalta-se que em nenhum protocolo foram evocados sentimentos positivos de maneira espontânea. Considerando que a escolha da profissão é uma das grandes decisões relativas ao início de uma possível concretização dos projetos de vida, os resultados encontrados podem contribuir de forma significativa para que pais e educadores orientem os jovens na construção de projetos de vida nobres e autênticos, bem como promovam a felicidade e o bem-estar. / This study aims to identify and understand the beliefs that young people have in relation to their projections for their future and what they consider happiness. Moreover, we presented a hypothetical conflict involving the professional choice and the familys opinion. We sought to specifically analyze the mental processes underlying the projections of future of the youth, as well as their concepts related to the well-being and happiness. From the data collected with 120 students from public schools of five Brazilian regions, we sought to identify the possible relations between life projects, meanings of happiness and the resolution of that conflict. The research was based on the Organizing Models of Thinking theory as a theoretical and methodological framework, and also on the concept of purpose developed by William Damon, which is defined as a stable intention, although capable of flexibility, which involves the self and consequently the world beyond the self. The results indicated that most participants showed fragile structures in relation to their purposes. About happiness, it was meant by the majority in terms of interpersonal relations, whether with family, friends or significant people. With respect to resolution of the conflict, of note is the fact that the majority of young people choose their profession according to their personal interests (affinity) and not according with the opinion of the family. Still in relation to the conflict, it should be emphasized also that was not mentioned any positive feeling, in a spontaneous way, in all protocols. Considering the professional choice is one of the major decisions regarding the initiation of a possible realization of purposes, the results can significantly contribute to that parents and educators can guide young people in the construction of noble and authentic purposes, as well as promote the happiness and well-being.

A robotic ribbon fin with twelve independent fin rays, elastic fin membrane, and a body of adjustable height was developed for this thesis specifically to test the 1990 theory put forth by Lighthill and Blake that a multiplicative propulsive enhancement exists for Gymnotiform and Balisiform swimmers based on the ratio of body and fin heights. Until now, the theory has not been experimentally tested. Proof of such a momentum enhancement could have a profound effect on unmanned underwater vehicle design and shed light on the evolutionary advantage to body-fin ratios found in nature, shown as optimal for momentum enhancement in Lighthill and Blake’s theory. Thrust tests for various body heights were conducted in a recirculating flow tank at different flow speeds and fin flapping frequencies. When comparing different body heights at different frequencies to a ’no-body’ thrust test case at each frequency no momentum enhancement factor was found. Data in this thesis indicate there is no momentum enhancement factor due to the presence of a body on top of an undulating fin. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of linear position transducers (LPTs), The Open Barbell System (OBS) and Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer System (TWAS), in comparison to criterion measure Optotrak Certus (OC3D). Further, we aimed to compare LPTs against each other. Twenty-five resistance-trained males were recruited, and reported to the laboratory for one day of data collection. Subjects performed one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing of the squat, then had a standardized rest before completing one set to failure with 70% 1 RM. There was no significant difference in average velocity (AV) between either LPT vs. OC3D. T-tests revealed significant differences between LPTs and OC3D peak velocity (PV) (OBS: p=0.02080; TWAS: p<0.01). A significant difference was detected between OBS and TWAS PV (p<0.01). OBS and TWAS demonstrated concurrent validity compared to OC3D for AV (OBS: p=0.2014; TWAS: p=0.5466). Neither LPT was a valid measure ofPV (OBS: p=0.0208; TWAS: p<0.01). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Esta dissertação objetivou investigar a relação entre o nível de realização de tarefas domésticas e as áreas de interesse dos projetos de vida na adolescência. Diante do exposto pela literatura investigada, três hipóteses nortearam o estudo: (H1) o nível de realização de tarefas domésticas apresentará relação com os diferentes tipos de projetos de vida citados pelos adolescentes; (H2) o nível de realização de tarefas domésticas apresentará relação negativa com o desempenho escolar; e (H3) serão observadas diferenças de gênero quando essas mesmas relações forem analisadas separadamente para adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino. Participaram 113 adolescentes brasileiros (61,9% do sexo feminino), todos alunos de escolas municipais de Porto Alegre – RS. Utilizaram-se uma ficha de dados biossociodemográficos, o Questionário de Tarefas Domésticas e de Cuidado entre Irmãos (QTDCI) e um depoimento escrito sobre projetos de vida. As análises das correlações de Pearson indicaram, para a amostra geral, uma associação positiva entre nível de tarefas domésticas e projetos de vida relacionados a bens materiais, e nenhuma associação entre tarefas domésticas e as variáveis de desempenho escolar. Contudo, quando estratificada a amostra por gênero, as associações encontradas foram diferentes para adolescentes dos sexos masculino e feminino. Os resultados sugerem que a realização de tarefas domésticas pode ser fator de influência na elaboração dos projetos de vida de adolescentes, e que importantes questões de gênero se fazem presentes nesta relação. / The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the relation between household responsabilities level and the areas of interest on adolescents’ life purposes. Considering the literature foundings, three hypotheses guided the study: (H1) the household responsabilities level will be related to the different areas of interest of life purposes cited by the adolescents; (H2) the level of household responsabilities will be negatively related to school performance; and (H3) gender differences will be observed when these same relations are analyzed separately for male and female adolescents. Participants were 113 Brazilian adolescents (61,9% female), all students from municipal schools in Porto Alegre - RS. The instruments were a record of biosocio-demographic data, the Household and Sibling Care Questionnaire, and a written testimony of life purpose. Pearson's correlations for the general sample indicated a positive association between household responsabilities level and purposes related to material goods, and no association between household responsabilities level and school performance variables. However, when the sample was stratified by gender, different associations were found for each group. The results suggest that the accomplishment of household tasks can influence the development of life purpose in adolescents, and that important gender issues are present in this relation.

The tags and descriptions entered by video owners in video sharing sites are typically inadequate for retrieval purposes, yet the majority of video search still uses this text. This problem is escalating due to the ease with which users can self-publish videos, generating masses that are poorly labelled and poorly described. This thesis investigates how users tag videos and whether video tagging games can solve this problem by generating useful sets of tags. A preliminary study investigated tags in two social video sharing sites, YouTube and Viddler. YouTube contained many irrelevant tags because the system does not encourage users to tag their videos and does not promote tags as useful. In contrast, using tags as the sole means of categorisation in Viddler motivated users to enter a higher proportion of relevant tags. Poor tags were found in both systems, however, highlighting the need to improve video tagging. In order to give users incentives to tag videos, the VideoTag project in this thesis developed two tagging games, Golden Tag and Top Tag, and one non-game tagging system, Simply Tag, and conducted two experiments with them. In the first experiment VideoTag was a portal to play video tagging games whereas in the second experiment it was a portal to curate collections of special interest videos. Users preferred to tag videos using games, generating tags that were relevant to the videos and that covered a range of tag types that were descriptive of the video content at a predominately specific, objective level. Users were motivated by interest in the content rather than by game elements, and content had an effect on the tag types used. In each experiment, users predominately tagged videos using objective language, with a tendency to use specific rather than basic tags. There was a significant difference between the types of tags entered in the games and in Simply Tag, with more basic, objective vocabulary entered into the games and more specific, objective language entered into the non-game system. Subjective tags were rare but were more frequent in Simply Tag. Gameplay also had an influence on the types of tags entered; Top Tag generated more basic tags and Golden Tag generated more specific and subjective tags. Users were not attracted to use VideoTag by the games alone. Game mechanics had little impact on motivations to use the system. VideoTag used YouTube videos, but could not upload the tags to YouTube and so users could see no benefit for the tags they entered, reducing participation. Specific interest content was more of a motivator for use than games or tagging and that this warrants further research. In the current game-saturated climate, gamification of a video tagging system may therefore be most successful for collections of videos that already have a committed user base.

A presente investigação tem como objetivo identificar em que medida o engajamento social pode impactar na consistência dos projetos de vida de jovens universitários brasileiros. Para tanto, partiu-se do conceito de projeto de vida de Damon e seus colaboradores (DAMON; MENON; BRONK, 2003; DAMON 2003; DAMON, 2009; BRONK, 2014), apresentando seus elementos centrais: objetivo direcionado, significado, comprometimento e impacto no mundo. A perspectiva teórica destes autores realça a dimensão ética de um projeto de vida, mas também instrumentaliza o reconhecimento dos seus aspectos fundamentais. Embora identificados os elementos centrais de um projeto de vida, sua dimensão ética e os benefícios que produz no ciclo do desenvolvimento, pouco ainda se sabe sobre o que leva um jovem a elaborar um projeto de vida consistente e persistir em sua na concretização (SAVAGE; MARIANO, 2009). Eleger um projeto de vida consistente é fundamental para que este não permaneça no campo da ideação e se traduza em ações concretas, impactando o mundo e a própria trajetória de vida. Diante desta discussão, acredita-se que o engajamento social é uma oportunidade de transformação pessoal e protagonismo, onde o jovem se vê possibilitado de transformar a realidade social do mundo em que vive (CARRANO, 2012; CASTRO, L.R. 2008; RIBEIRO MESQUITA et al., 2016). O engajamento social é uma oportunidade de reconhecer as próprias habilidades e talentos e de reconhecer como é possível utiliza-las para produzir ações que impactem no mundo. Ao mesmo tempo, atuando no meio social, o jovem tem a oportunidade de conhecer demandas e necessidades reais da sociedade. Por este motivo, levantou-se a hipótese de que o engajamento social poderia ser uma importante ferramenta na construção de projetos de vida consistentes. Para atender o objetivo proposto nesta investigação, aplicou-se um levantamento (survey) com 321 jovens universitários brasileiros, estudantes de faculdades públicas e privadas dos mais variados cursos e regiões brasileiras. O resultado desta pesquisa nos permitiu reconhecer a presença e característica do engajamento social e do projeto de vida entre jovens universitários brasileiros e demonstrou que a presença de projetos de vida consistentes apresentou uma frequência maior entre jovens socialmente engajados. Também foi possível verificar que a maior parte dos jovens socialmente engajados percebe uma relação muito próxima entre o engajamento social e a escolha de um projeto de vida. / The present research aims to identify to what extent social engagement can impact the consistency of purpose of Brazilian university students. In order to do so, this analysis was based on the concept of purpose of Damon and his collaborators (DAMON; MENON; BRONK, 2003; DAMON 2003; DAMON, 2009; BRONK, 2014), presenting its central elements: goal, meaning, commitment and impact in the world. The theoretical perspective of these authors emphasizes the ethical dimension of a purpose, but also, allows the recognition of its fundamental aspects. Although the central elements of purpose, its ethical dimension, and the benefits it produces in the development cycle are identified, little is known about what leads a young person to elaborate a consistent purpose and to persist in achieving it (SAVAGE; MARIANO, 2009). Choosing a consistent purpose is fundamental so that it does not remain in the field of ideation and is translated into concrete actions, impacting the world and the life trajectory itself. It is believed that social engagement is an opportunity for personal transformation and protagonism, where the young person is enabled to transform the social reality of the world in which they live (RIBEIRO MESQUITA et al., 2016; CARRANO, 2012; CASTRO, L.R. 2008). Social engagement is an opportunity to recognize one\'s own abilities and talents, and in what ways this can produce actions that impact the world. At the same time, by working in a social environment, young people have the opportunity to meet real demands and needs of society. For this reason, the hypothesis was raised that social engagement could be an important tool in the construction of consistent life projects. To meet the objective proposed in this research, a survey was conducted with 321 Brazilian university students, students from public and private colleges of the most varied Brazilian courses and regions. The result of this research allowed us to recognize the presence and character of social engagement and purpose among Brazilian university students and it demonstrated that the presence of consistent life projects its higher among socially engaged youths. It was also possible to verify that the majority of socially engaged young people perceive a very close relationship between social engagement and the choice of a purpose.