Magistro darbe išanalizuota vadovų patirtis bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose, nustatant pedagogų lūkesčius bei kylančius sunkumus kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemoje. Taip pat atlikta teorinė analizė apie pedagogų motyvaciją tobulėti, kvalifikacijos tobulinimą bei pačią kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemą. Atskleista, kokios priežastys neskatina pedagogų tobulinti kvalifikacijos. Aptartos pagrindinės motyvacinės teorijos, jų pritaikymas šiuolaikinėje kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemoje. Atliktas empirinis tyrimas parodė, kad mokyklose motyvavimo sistemos nėra, išskyrus išimtinius atvejus. Taip pat problemą gilina ir tai, kad vadovų nuomone, labiausiai motyvavimas tobulinti kvalifikaciją turėtų būti vidinis, t.y. kvalifikacijos tobulinimas tarsi tampa paties pedagogo problema. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad pedagogai tobulinant kvalifikaciją susiduria su įvairiais sunkumais: metodų parinkimas seminarų metu; laikas; vieta; dokumentacijų gausa; finansavimas; motyvacija. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtino, jog kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistema nėra ideali. Ją reikia nuosekliai peržiūrėti ir patobulinti, kad pedagogams, norintiems patobulinti turimą kvalifikaciją, nekiltų jokių problemų. / Master thesis analyzed the experience of leaders in general education schools, teachers' expectations and setting the difficulty in-service training system. It also conducted a theoretical analysis of teacher motivation, skills development and training system itself. Disclosed the reasons which encourage teachers to improve skills. We discuss the basic theory of reasoning, their application in the modern training system. Empirical research has shown that there is no motivation at school. It also exacerbates the problem and the fact that managers consider the most improved reasoning skills should be internal, i.e. vocational training if the teacher becomes a problem. The study found that improving the qualifications of teachers are confronted with many difficulties: the use of selection of workshops, time, location of the documentation is abundant, funding, motivation. The study results confirmed that the training system is not perfect. It must be consistently reviewed and improved, that the qualifications for teachers who want to get up there would be no problem.

The subject of this postgraduate’s work is organization of extended education of adults, its problems and prospects is Utena Region. The subject is up-to-date and topical, because education of adults is not properly organized in Lithuania: only an inconsiderable part of adults take part in the programmes of extended education, and some of them dont`t have qualification which coincides with the work market requirements. There is also a lack of expedient syllabus and the system of vocation education education is not purposefully organized, to compare with the developed UE countries. The work contains tree parts. In the first one (`Precondition for Refresher Course and Re-qualification of Adults`) the conception of education of adults, its regulation in legal documents are considered. In the second part (`The Aspects of Education of Adults`) the peculiarities of psychological processes in educating adults are analyzed (motivation and other aspects affecting learners`) the methods of the survey (interview, questionnaires) and the results are considered and analyzed. The survey shows thet a system of institutions which organize refresher courses and re-qualification course in Utena region is sufficient, the problem is a lack of state support.

This master`s work deals with similarities and differences in public and private division personnel training and qualification improvement systems (according to chosen organization examples). Work includes anglysis of works of various Lithuanian and foreign authors. In this work there is analysed the meaning of training, training and qualification improvement reasons, trining frequency in organization, exclusions in training limitations, mentioned main methods and forms. Work includes comparison of opinions of public and private division employees and persons who are responsible for emloyees training and qualification improvement. In this work there is made analysis of legal documents. Authors stated research project hypothesis, that employees want to participate in training and improve qualification, but they need to be motivated, is partially confirmed.

Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti VSAT statutinių valstybės tarnautojų personalo kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistemos teisinę bazę ir atlikus anketinį VSAT pareigūnų tyrimą bei giluminį interviu, identifikuoti egzistuojančias pareigūnų kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistemos organizavimo problemas, bei pateikti rekomendacijas šios sistemos tobulinimui. Darbe aptariama kvalifikacijos kėlimo sąvoka bei samprata ir šių sąvokų interpretacija įvairių mokslininkų darbuose. Apžvelgiant valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo organizavimą, analizuojama esanti teisinė bazė, jos problematika. Tyrimo duomenys leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad nors šiuo metu egzistuojanti teisinė VSAT pareigūnų kvalifikacijos kėlimo bazė yra pakankamai nebloga, VSAT pareigūnams nesudaromos sąlygos kokybiškai kelti kvalifikaciją darbo vietose, nuotoliniu bei savišvietos būdais. Per menkas kvalifikacijos kėlimo ir karjeros ryšys nedidina personalo motyvacijos siekti naujų žinių ir kompetencij����. Tuo pagrindu daroma išvada, kad yra sulėtėjusi spartesnė organizacijos kokybinė plėtra. Pateiktos rekomendacijos tobulinti atrankos į pareigas sistemą, kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistemą: 1. Skirti daugiau dėmesio kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistemos prieinamumo gerinimui, kvalifikacijos kėlimo formų bei būdų tobulinimui. 2. Spręsti kvalifikacijos kėlimui skirtų darbo vietų materialinio aprūpinimo problemas. 3. Sudaryti sąlygas užtikrinti galimybę pareigūnams kelti kvalifikaciją nuotoliniu bei savišvietos būdais. 4. Tobulinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The basic purpose of work - to analyze legal base of the organization of improvement of professional skill of employees of Protection of frontier of the Lithuanian Republic, by means of questionnaire and interview to identify problems, which are available in system the organization of improvement of professional skill of employees and as to give the recommendation on improvement of work of this system. Discussing the organization of improvement of professional skill of employees, the problematic of legal base is analyzed. In work terminology of improvement of professional skill and interpretation of terminology in works of different scientists is discussed. By research it is found out, that though the legal base of improvement of professional skill of employees of Protection of frontier of the Lithuanian Republic and is enough quite good, an employee have no enough good conditions for improvement of professional skill on a workplace, by means of the Internet of technologies and is independent. Employees have no enough motivation to raise qualification. The conclusion is done, that it interferes with the further development of the organization. Recommendations on improvement of system of increase in a post, systems of improvement of professional skill are given: 1. To give it is more than attention of general availability of system of improvement of professional skill, to improve forms and ways of training. 2. To solve problems of material maintenance of system of improvement... [to full text]

Bakalauro darbo tema yra aktuali, nes geras policijos pareigūnų fizinio pasirengimo lygis yra profesinės veiklos sėkmės garantas, sąlyga, nulemianti jų darbo kokybę sprendžiant pagrindinius veiklos uždavinius, atliekant tiesiogines funkcijas. Policijos pareigūnų šaudybos, fizinės prievartos veiksmų ir bendro fizinio parengimo mokymas, vertinimas, reglamentuotas LR Seimo priimtuose įstatymuose, policijos generalinio komisaro ir teritorinių policijos įstaigų viršininkų išleistuose įsakymuose, bei Lietuvos policijos mokyklos specialistų išleistose rekomendacijose. / The topic of the Bachelor's thesis is relevant because the good physical fitness level of police officers ensures the success in professional career and is the condition determining the quality of their work in solving key tasks, and performing direct functions. The training and assessment of musketry, physical acts of violence and general physical preparation of police officers regulated in the documents passed by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, orders issued by the Police Commissioner General and heads of local police offices and the recommendations for specialists of the Lithuanian police schools. Exercise of shooting and physical acts of violence are regularly carried out according to these documents, and the general physical preparation, training of physical characteristics is the individual responsibility of officials.

Thesis (EdD.)--Open University.

A qualificação profissional de pessoas com deficiência é um tema que vem recebendo maior atenção na pesquisa acadêmica, graças ao surgimento de programas educacionais dedicados à formação profissional destes sujeitos. A formação docente para a área é um fator que merece atenção por apresentar fragilidades que se percebe diante das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos docentes na área no cotidiano escolar. Desta forma, instigou-nos investigar como se constituem os saberes docentes na qualificação profissional de pessoas com deficiência. A origem da proposta situou-se na atuação da pesquisadora como docente em um curso de formação continuada sobre tecnologia assistiva para professores da educação profissional atuantes com alunos com deficiência. Para atender aos objetivos primeiramente foi realizado um estudo teórico organizado da seguinte forma: o capítulo inicial aborda a questão da deficiência e do estigma social, buscando meios para superação desta situação discriminatória; em seguida, o segundo, referiu à qualificação profissional no Brasil, contextualizando historicamente a legislação sobre o tema, buscando informações sobre iniciativas de formação profissional e a contratação de pessoas com deficiência; por fim, o terceiro capítulo constituiu um estado da arte sobre os saberes docentes na educação profissional, através de um levantamento das obras publicadas nos últimos anos. Conceitos como aprendizagem mediada, tecnologia assistiva, compensação social e conhecimento-na-ação foram importantes para a análise dos fenômenos observados. pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, utilizou a metodologia do estudo de caso para investigar junto aos docentes quais saberes se constituem no exercício da prática profissional junto a alunos com deficiência nos cursos de qualificação profissional. Entrevistas e análise de documentos foram realizadas visando atingir os objetivos propostos. A metodologia de análise utilizada foi a análise textual discursiva. Os resultados mostram a importância da constituição dos saberes experienciais e profissionais para a docência na educação profissional para pessoas com deficiência, e apontam para a existência de uma nova categoria de saberes docentes, que não foi considerada previamente pelos teóricos estudados. / The professional qualification of persons with disabilities is a topic that has been receiving increased attention in academic research, thanks to the emergence of educational programs dedicated to vocational training of these individuals. The education of teachers for this area is a factor that requires attention, since it has fragilities that is perceived on the difficulties faced by teachers in the area in the school routine. Thus, instigates us to investigate how constitutes the teachers knowledge in the professional qualification of persons with disabilities. The origin of the proposal is in the actions of the researcher as a teacher in a continuing education course about assistive technology for teachers of vocational education, actants with students with disabilities. To meet the objectives, it was first performed a theoretical study, organized as follows: the first chapter addresses the disability issue and social stigma, seeking ways to overcome this discriminatory situation; then the second, refers to the professional qualification in Brazil, historically contextualizing the legislation on the subject, searching for information on vocational training initiatives and the hiring of persons with disabilities; finally, the third chapter is a state of the art on the teaching knowledge in vocational education, through an inventory of works published in recent years. Concepts as mediated learning, assistive technology, social compensation, knowledge-in-action were important for the analysis of the observed phenomena. The qualitative study, used the case study methodology to investigate with the teachers knowledges which are constituted in the exercise of professional practice with students with disabilities in vocational training courses. Interviews and document analysis were performed to reach the proposed objectives. The analysis methodology used was the discursive textual analysis. The results show the importance of the constitution of experiential and professional knowledge for teaching in vocational education for people with disabilities, and point to the existence of a new category of teaching knowledge, which was not considered previously studied by theorists.

Landman (1989) introduced contemporary linguistics to the as-phrase. An as-phrase is a qualifier, introduced in English by "as." "John is corrupt as a judge," for instance, contains the as-phrase "as a judge." Philosophical discourse is full of examples of as-phrase sentences. Their presence can make it difficult to distinguish valid from invalid arguments, a perennial concern for philosophers. Landman proposed the first formal semantic theory of as-phrases, based on a set of seven intuitively-valid patterns of inference involving as-phrases. Szabó (2003), Jaeger (2003), Asher (2011) each attempt to improve upon Landman's theory. Chapter 1 reviews and criticizes a temporal account of as-phrase semantics, while tracing some precedents and motivations for my approach. Chapters 2-3 criticize Szabó's and Asher's theories. Szabó's theory shows problems handling the future tense and intensional contexts. Asher's complex theory solves these problems, but resorts to the obscure notions of relative identity and bare particulars. Chapter 4 argues that neither Szabó's nor Asher's theory is clearly superior, because implicitly, they focus on different classes of sentences, which I call "Type A" and "Type B." From John Bowers' syntactic research, I argue that the element common to Type A and Type B is Pr, a predication head pronounced "as" in some contexts. Chapter 5 develops a formal semantic theory tailored to Type A sentences that solves the problems of Szabó's theory while avoiding Asher's assumptions. On my approach, the semantic properties of Type A sentences resolve into an interaction among generic quantifiers, determiner-phrase interpretation, and one core quantifier based on a principal ultrafilter. It is the interaction-effects of these elements that give rise to the many unusual readings we find in these as-phrase sentences. This result supports my motivating view that linguistic research helps to solve semantic problems of philosophical interest.

O presente estudo visa a identificar os limites da discricionariedade administrativa e seu respectivo controle na atuação da Administração ao estabelecer requisitos de habilitação para a participação de licitantes em licitações públicas, sob o regime da Lei n. 8.666/93. No desenvolvimento do estudo fixam-se esses limites para, no fim, identificar mecanismos de controle da discricionariedade. / The study aims to identify the limits of administrative discretion and its control in the administration's performance to establish qualification requirements to bidders in public bidding, under the rule of Statute Law 8.666/93. In the development of the study it's set up these boundaries in order to identify, in the end, the discretion's controlling mechanisms.

A questão sobre a qual se debruça este estudo é a qualificação e suas relações com as esferas do trabalho e do não-trabalho, sendo as relações sociais que conformam os modos de vida e de trabalho o ângulo realçado para investigar e compreender o processo de construção da qualificação no setor de turismo. O local onde o estudo foi realizado é o município de Gramado, localizado na Encosta da Serra do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A investigação prioriza dois ramos de atividades - alojamento e alimentação, enquanto o seu foco de estudo recai sob os seguintes casos-estilizados: 1) um “hotel”, 2) um “restaurante” e 3) um “resort”. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar o processo de construção da qualificação no setor de turismo, buscando enfatizar as relações sociais contidas nas esferas da formação, do consumo e do tempo livre para a conformação da qualificação a partir destes ramos de atividade. A idéia central que orienta esta pesquisa é de que as formas de gestão do trabalho apresentam tendências distintas em quanto à organização do trabalho, como expressões do aprofundamento e da extensão que subentende o desenvolvimento da relação salarial, demonstrando não haver uma maneira ‘ideal’ para organizar o trabalho, mas modalidades diferenciadas de interação entre oferta e demanda de trabalho, correspondentes ao estado das relações sociais numa empresa, setor e/ou sociedade. Como desdobramento desta hipótese, considera-se que as mudanças na qualificação estão condicionadas por um processo de incorporação de formas de trabalho e de relações sociais de tipo não capitalista, ainda que essencialmente ligadas à construção da chamada relação salarial. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na realização de entrevistas semi-estruturas (21 entrevistados) e na observação. Na direção proposta pela tradição que representa o trabalho de Alaluf e Enguita, portanto, o estudo analisa a qualificação desde uma perspectiva histórico-sociológica, levando em consideração o processo de transformação das relações sociais que acompanhou a evolução dos trabalhos e de um conjunto de aspectos que caracterizam o modo de vida dos que trabalham no setor de turismo em Gramado. / This dissertation focuses on qualification and its relation to the working and non-working spheres, being the social relations, that conform livelihood and work, the lenses through which the process of qualification for tourism is investigated. This research took place in the city of Gramado, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The investigation gives priority to two kinds of working activities: lodging and feeding, while the case studies are: 1) a “hotel”, 2) a “restaurant”, 3) a “resort”. The main objective of this research is to investigate the construction of qualification in the field of tourism, emphasizing the social relations that are contained in the process of education, consumption and the use of free time to conform qualification in each kind of activity. The central idea is that work management present different tendencies in relation to work organization that demonstrates that there is no ideal way of organizing work, but different ways of interaction between what is offered and what is demanded which, at the end, correspond to states of social relations in enterprises, sections or societies. As a result from this hypothesis, we consider that the changes in qualification are conditioned by a process of incorporation of work forms and social relations from a noncapitalist type, even though these are attached to the construction of the so called salary relation. The applied methodology is based on semi-standardized interviews (21 informants) and in observation. In the same direction proposed by Alaluf and Enguita, this study analyses qualification from a historical-sociological perspective, taking into consideration the process of transformation of social relations that take part on the evolution of works and the aspects that characterize the livelihood of those who work with tourism in Gramado – including its formative dimension.