Introdução: Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, os profissionais da área da saúde estão cada vez mais preocupados em estudar não apenas as doenças crônicas, mas também suas consequências no longo prazo. O termo incapacidade amplia a visão biológica da deficiência, de forma a incluir aspectos sociológicos e políticos. A forma como a incapacidade é visualizada vem se modificando nas últimas décadas. Segundo a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, desenvolvida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a incapacidade é um termo que abrange deficiências (problemas nas funções ou nas estruturas do corpo), limitação de atividades (dificuldade na execução de tarefas) ou restrição na participação (problemas ao se envolver em situações de vida diária). As pessoas com incapacidades apresentam singularidades que se refletem em diversos aspectos de sua vida. Entretanto, poucos estudos em nosso meio procuraram avaliar o conceito e os determinantes de qualidade de vida nessa população. A qualidade do cuidado que essas pessoas recebem também é um fator importante, moderador do impacto da deficiência no indivíduo, daí a necessidade de sua investigação. Objetivos: Explorar o significado dos conceitos de qualidade de vida e qualidade do cuidado para as pessoas com incapacidades e os diferentes fatores que os influenciam, de forma a possibilitar um embasamento adequado para a construção de itens de questionários que avaliem os conceitos estudados na população-alvo Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório. Foram realizados cinco grupos focais: 1) Pessoas com diferentes incapacidades físicas; 2) Profissionais; 3) Familiares e cuidadores; 4) Pessoas com incapacidade intelectual e 5) Pessoas com uma incapacidade física específica (deficiência visual). A amostragem foi por conveniência. Os encontros foram gravados e posteriormente transcritos em sua íntegra. O moderador, amplamente experiente na condução de grupos focais, seguiu um manual padronizado, desenvolvido pelo centro coordenador do projeto. A discussão dos temas foi incentivada a partir de perguntas abertas. Também foram examinadas as facetas do instrumento WHOQOL-BREF, que avalia a qualidade de vida na população geral. A análise dos grupos baseou-se na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e foi realizada através dos seguintes passos: 1) Leitura exaustiva do conteúdo transcrito por três avaliadores, de forma independente; 2) Identificação de unidades de significação ou unidades de registro (temas); 3) Leitura e exploração dessas unidades para a definição de categorias que sintetizassem os comentários feitos; 4) Reconciliação das três diferentes versões, através de um painel com os três avaliadores e com o coordenador do projeto. Posteriormente, foi realizada a comparação e o agrupamento dos temas levantados nos diferentes grupos Resultados: Na discussão sobre qualidade de vida (artigo 1), 20 das 24 facetas do WHOQOL-BREF foram espontaneamente citadas pelos participantes. As facetas não mencionadas inicialmente foram: sentimentos negativos, capacidade de trabalho, atividade sexual e transporte. Foram propostos diversos temas novos, com ênfase nos temas relacionados ao trabalho, educação, integração na comunidade e inclusão social. Foi comentada a ocorrência de preconceito e outras atitudes negativas e a importância do respeito para com essas pessoas. Também foi destacada a importância da aceitação da incapacidade por parte dos familiares e cuidadores e a participação dos mesmos no tratamento. Em quatro grupos foi ressaltada a importância da acessibilidade universal. Na investigação do tema qualidade do cuidado (artigo 2), diferentes aspectos dos temas a seguir foram mencionados nos cinco grupos: educação, acessibilidade, leis protetoras para pessoas com incapacidades e inclusão social. Qualificação profissional, capacitação dos profissionais da saúde e da educação para lidar com pessoas com deficiências e acesso ao atendimento foram considerados relevantes em quatro grupos. Quatro outros tópicos foram citados em três grupos: atendimento em equipe, treinamento e informação da família e dos cuidadores, acesso a emprego e oportunidades de lazer Conclusões: Os temas considerados importantes para a qualidade de vida pelas pessoas em geral também são valorizados pelas pessoas com incapacidades. Variados aspectos de uma visão ampla da qualidade do cuidado foram reforçados por nosso estudo. Alguns tópicos não relacionados diretamente ao atendimento também foram mencionados. Foram citados diversos temas relacionados a incapacidades, valorizando a criação de instrumentos específicos para essa população. A metodologia qualitativa utilizada mostrou-se profícua para a investigação dos conceitos de qualidade de vida e qualidade do cuidado na população estudada. / Background: Considering the increase of life expectancy, health professionals are getting more concerned in studying not only chronic diseases but also their long term outcomes. The word disability broadens the biologic perspective of impairment in order to include sociological and political aspects. The way disability is perceived has been changing over the last decades. According to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), disability is an expression that comprises impairments (problems in body function or structure), activity limitations (difficulties in execution of tasks) or participation restrictions (problems in involvement in life situations). People with disabilities have singularities that reflect in different life aspects. However, there are few studies that evaluate the meaning of quality of life concept and its determinants for this population in our setting. The quality of care offered to people with disabilities is also an important factor that moderates the impact of the impairment, warranting its study. Objective: To explore the concept of quality of life and quality of care for people with disabilities and the diverse factors that affect them in order to generate an accurate basis to questionnaires item development that evaluate the studied concepts in the target-population. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory study Five focal groups were conducted as follows: 1) Mixed physical disabilities group; 2) Professionals; 3) Family members and caregivers; 4) Intellectual disabilities group; and 5) Specific physical disability group (visual disability). The sample was enrolled by convenience. The meetings were recorded and later fully transcribed. The group moderator had a lot of previous experience in conducting focus groups and used a standardized guide, developed by the coordinating center of the project. Discussion was encouraged by open questions. WHOQOL-BREF's facets were also examined (an instrument designed to evaluate quality of life in general population).Group analysis was based on the Bardin content analysis and was performed through the following steps: 1) Exhaustive reading of the transcripted material by three independent evaluators; 2) Units of meaning (themes) identification; 3) Reading and exploration of these units to delimitate categories that synthesized the comments; 4) Reconciliation of the three different versions in a panel with the three evaluators and the project coordinator. Afterwards, themes from the different groups were compared and merged. Results: In the quality of life discussion, twenty out of the twenty four WHOQOL-BREF's facets were brought up spontaneously by the participants. The facets that were not initially mentioned were: negative feelings, work capacity, sexual activity and transportation. Many new items emerged from the discussion, mainly themes related to work, education, community integration and social inclusion. Prejudice and negative attitudes towards disabilities appeared as factors influencing quality of life, as the groups emphasized the importance of being respected. Acceptance by family members and caregivers were considered of major relevance, as well as their involvement in the treatment process. Four groups mentioned the importance of universal accessibility. When talking about quality of care different aspects of the following domains were mentioned by the five groups: education, accessibility, protective laws to people with disabilities, and social inclusion. Professional qualification, training of health care and educational professionals to deal with disabilities and access to care were considered relevant by four groups. Four other topics were brought up by three groups: multidisciplinary care, training and information of family members and caregivers, employment access and leisure opportunities. Conclusion: the items considered important to the maintenance of quality of life of people with disabilities were the same ones emphasized by the general population. Many aspects of a broad view upon quality of care were sought by our study. Some topics not related to quality of care per se were mentioned. Many aspects related to disabilities aroused during the group meetings, what reinforces the need of development of instruments specific to this population. Qualitative methodology proved to be useful to the investigation of the concepts of quality of life and quality of care in the studied population.

Introdução: A adoção e a implementação de medidas de prevenção de quedas de paciente no ambiente hospitalar são indissociáveis dos atributos qualidade e segurança nos serviços de saúde, pressupondo uma abordagem sistêmica, na qual o êxito depende do compromisso e da responsabilidade da organização, dos profissionais, dos pacientes e de seus acompanhantes. Objetivos: Compreender a vivência dos pacientes acometidos pelo evento queda e dos enfermeiros acerca do processo de implementação de medidas preventivas e do monitoramento do evento queda de paciente em um hospital privado do Município de São Paulo. Caminho Metodológico: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo na modalidade estudo de caso. O cenário foi o Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz. Os participantes corresponderam a dez pacientes e 11 enfermeiras. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período entre maio de 2014 e março de 2015, empregando-se a entrevista semiestruturada gravada para os pacientes acometidos pelo evento queda, que foi transformada em narrativas, e as do grupo focal, para as enfermeiras. As narrativas oriundas das entrevistas e o material produzido nas três sessões do grupo focal foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo duas categorias e três subcategorias. Achados: As categorias foram: a singularidade do evento queda: da expressão do fato à manifestação de sentimentos; o olhar do paciente e familiar para os recursos institucionais: elementos da estrutura, processo e resultado; a vulnerabilidade e os determinantes no evento queda; a implementação de medidas para a prevenção de queda à luz da tríade Donabediana e o modo de ser: reflexões atitudinais acerca da interface enfermeiro-paciente. Para a análise interpretativa dos achados foram adotados os referenciais de qualidade em saúde, segurança do paciente e de autoeficácia, preconizado por Bandura. Considerações Finais: Esta investigação propiciou compreender a percepção dos pacientes e enfermeiros frente ao evento queda, interpretar e revisitar os processos assistenciais e gerenciais na prevenção e monitoramento das quedas. Por conseguinte, permitiu elaborar propostas, visando a aprimorar os componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado para dirimir as quedas, bem como reconstruir o material instrucional e aprimorar os protocolos e planos de ação, com vistas a qualificar o cuidado na Instituição. / Introduction: The spiritual aspect is very important and is becoming increasingly necessary in the practice of health care. S Introduction: The adoption and the implementation of measures to prevent patients fall in hospital are inseparable from quality and safety dimensions in health care services, assuming a systemic approach in which success depends on the commitment and on the responsibility of the organization, of the professionals, of patients and their escorts. Objectives: Understand the experience of patients affected by fall events and nurses about the process of implementation of preventive measures and the monitoring of the event of fall at a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, a case study. The scenario was Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz. Participants corresponded to ten patients and 11 nurses. Data collection was made from May 2014 to March 2015, by applying semi structured interview recorded to patients affected by fall event, which was converted into narratives, and the focus group for the nurses. The narratives from the interviews and the material produced in the three sessions of the focus group were submitted to Bardin content analysis, emerging two categories and three subcategories. Findings: The categories were, the singularity of fall event: from the fact itself to the manifestation of feeling; the perception of the patient and family regarding the institutional resources: elements of structure, process and outcome; the vulnerability and major factors in the fall event; the implementation of measures to prevent fall according to the Donabedian triad and the way of being: attitudinal reflections on the nurse-patient interaction. For an interpretative analysis of findings, guidelines of health care quality, patient safety and self-efficacy as called for Bandura were adopted. Final comments: this research made possible the understanding of patients and nurses perception regarding the event of fall, the interpretation and revisit of health care and management processes in the prevention and monitoring of falls. Consequently, it allowed the creation of proposals in order to better the components of structure, process and result to reduce falls and also to rebuild the instructional material and improve the protocols and plans of education with the aim of qualifying care in the institution.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which human resources capacity of the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), Namibia, influences health care services delivery to the Namibian population. A qualitative research model using exploratory and descriptive study designs was adopted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 health workers from two referral hospitals and two directorates in Windhoek District. The study found that there is severe staff shortage in the MoHSS, which has resulted in high workload and poor health care. Health worker migration, new services and programmes, emerging diseases, and population growth were reported to have contributed to staff shortage and high workload in the MoHSS. Study findings suggested a need to create more posts to accommodate emerging needs, and to introduce an effective retention strategy to attract and retain health professionals with scarce skills, and those working under difficult conditions. / Public Administration and Management / M. Tech. (Public Management)

Introduction: The increase in the number of patients presenting with osteoarthritis in the past decade has led to a 32% increase in knee replacement surgeries designed to reduce restrictions on patient movement and improve their quality of life. Patient satisfaction is becoming an increasingly important indicator of quality of care. This study was designed to identify predictors of various service components in the treatment process and hospital key performance indicators significantly associated with patient satisfaction. Materials and methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted with 856 patients having their primary total knee replacements at 41 hospitals. Patient satisfaction was queried via a validated, multidimensional questionnaire mainly using a six-point scale. In addition to bivariate calculations, patient satisfaction was the dependent variable in a binary logistic regression model. Results: The bivariate analysis showed a strong association between satisfaction and sex (male or female), the patients’ health before admission, and the length of stay. The number of cases treated at each hospital did not reveal any impact on satisfaction. The multivariate analysis identified three predictors associated with overall satisfaction. The strongest factor was the treatment outcome and the weakest was the quality of food. It became apparent that the statutory procedure minimums were not being met. Conclusions: The relevant factors influencing patient satisfaction were partially the same as previous study results and allowed more detailed conclusions. The results provide suggestions across hospitals that could help health care providers better meet needs of patients after knee arthroplasties.

No description available.

Department of Advanced Nursing Science / MCur

No description available.

No description available.

The contribution of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) in reducing maternal mortality in Ethiopia is very minimal as evidenced by poor provision and low utilization of EmOC. Client centred EmOC provision improves the provision and utilization of EmOC; leading to the treatment of the majority of obstetric complications which are the main causes of maternal mortality. This study describes clients’ views and perspectives concerning the quality of EmOC provision in Ethiopian public health facilities. An explorative and descriptive phenomenological qualitative study design was used in the study in order to explore and describe the lived experiences of clients with EmOC services. Key informant interviews with women who had direct obstetric complications and received EmOC at three public health facilities in Addis Ababa generated rich data on their lived experiences. Content analysis was used to analyze the data as it complies with the phenomenological data analysis and Atlas ti version 6.2 qualitative data analysis software was employed. The findings revealed that quality EmOC is a welcoming, life-saving timely care given in a clean environment with humility, respect, equal treatment and encouragement. It is care that is safe for the client, technically sound, responsive and meets clients’ needs and expectations. Accessibility of life saving care at all time and collaborative and coordinated care created good experiences for the clients. The causes of clients’ disappointment with the provision of EmOC were higher expectations from female providers, underestimation by providers, non responsive providers, and ethical misconduct by providers such as mocking, insulting, yelling, advantage taking providers, undelivered promises by providers, expectation with place of delivery, expectation with newborn care and a limited number of health workers attending delivery. Discrimination, high cost of care and asking client to buy drugs and supplies and referrals from centres, are some of the barriers on r the use of EmOC at public health facilities. The provision of EmOC is constrained by overloaded staffs, shortage of space to accommodate clients and inadequate number of beds. In conclusion, clients have expectations and experiences of provision of EmOC that influence their future decision to seek care. Finally, a client centred guideline for the provision of client centred EmOC provision was developed. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Čížková, B. (2011). International standards Quality for Children in the practice of the social and legal protection of children in the Czech republic. Praha: Faculty of Arts, Charles University. Master's Degree Thesis. The object of this work is to identify the weaknesses of the current system of the alternative care by comparing casuistry with the standards of quality. I use casuistry of the current or former clients of foster care. In the first part I put the topic of social and legal protection of children into context of international and constitutional documents. There is also a chapter about the Standars Quality4Children. Then I focus on the situation in the Czech republic. I start with the descripction of the current system and finish with the process of transformation of the system of care for children at risk. The bill changing the Act No. 359/1999 Coll. on the social and legal protection of children was published. It is the first step to the transformartion and it's necessary to be followed-up other steps. The actual explorative empirical part of this work is conducted by a qualitative research strategy. The empirical investigation was executed in form of interviews with twelve respondents. Research sample consists of two social workers (from authority for social and legal protection of...