Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-06T19:01:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert SÁVIO LUÍS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 1238225 bytes, checksum: c72208dfffbe9ac80400a0aeac097c93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T19:01:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert SÁVIO LUÍS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 1238225 bytes, checksum: c72208dfffbe9ac80400a0aeac097c93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / A pesquisa em questão foi direcionada ao estudo das práticas organizacionais de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacional (SSO), onde se relacionam diretrizes de uma gestão responsável baseada em normas e indicadores de Responsabilidade Social Organizacional (RSO), com o foco na promoção e manutenção de melhores condições de trabalho ao stakeholder interno. Existem diferenciais na ênfase das práticas de gestão nos setores públicos e privados, nos segmentos industriais de manufatura e serviços. Torna-se importante constatar as evidencias dessas diferenciações e tentar explica-las.O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se existe dependência entre as práticas de gestão em SSO, em sinergia com a RSO, e o setor (público ou privado) ou o segmento industrial (manufatura ou serviço) em que as organizações se inserem, segundo a percepção dos profissionais que nelas atuam. A revisão da literatura que envolve a temática abordada possibilitou a construção de um questionário (survey), cuja aplicação foi realizada em uma amostra de 86 profissionais de distintas formações e áreas de atuação. Os dados obtidos foram tratados por meio de métodos, técnicas e ferramentas de estatística descritiva para avaliar a percepção destes profissionais acerca das práticas de gestão em SSO, em sinergia com a RSO, em suas respectivas organizações. Buscou-se verificar a dependência entre esta percepção com o setor e com o segmento industrial em que a organização se insere, através do teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Teste exato de Fisher. Como resultado, observou-se considerável adesão à estas práticas por parte das organizações. No entanto, esta adesão depende do setor e do segmento industrial em que a organização está inserida. Constatou-se maior adesão às práticas estudadas nas organizações privadas, comparadas com as públicas, e no segmento industrial de manufatura, comparada com as de serviço. / This research was directed to the study of organizational practices of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), which relate guidelines for responsible management based on Organizational Social Responsibility (OSR) standards and indicators, with focus on the promotion and maintenance of best working conditions to the internal stakeholder. There are differences in the emphasis of management practices in the public and private sectors in industries of manufacturing and services. It is important to note the evidence of these differences and try to explain them. The objective of this research is to assess whether there is dependence between management practices in OHS, in synergy with the OSR, and the sector (public or private) or the industrial sector (manufacturing or service) in which organizations fall as perceived the professionals who work in them. A review of the literature involving the theme addressed enabled the construction of a questionnaire (survey), whose application was performed in a sample of 86 professionals from different backgrounds and areas of expertise. Data were treated by means of methods, techniques and descriptive statistics tools to assess the perception of these professionals about the management practices in OHS, in synergy with the OSR in their respective organizations. We attempted to verify the dependence of this perception with the sector and the industrial sector in which the organization is inserted through Pearson’s Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test. As a result, there was a considerable adherence to these practices by organizations. However, this adherence depends on the sector and the industrial segment in which the organization operates. It was found greater adherence to the practices studied in private organizations, compared with the public, and industrial manufacturing segment, compared with the service segment.

Cette recherche doctorale a pour objectif d'étudier le rôle des entreprises dans la réussite duprocessus d'entrée organisationnelle des nouveaux embauchés (évaluée au regard d'indicateurstels que le bien-être, la socialisation organisationnelle, l'intention de rester dans l'entreprise,etc.).Trois études ont été réalisées à partir d'une méthodologie qualitative (étude 1) et quantitative(étude 1, 2 et 3). Les principaux résultats obtenus dans la première étude (N1 = 21 recruteurset N2 = 77 nouveaux embauchés) mettent l'accent sur l'importance d'apporter des informationsclaires durant le recrutement et permettent de dégager les pratiques d'intégration et leursstratégies de mise en oeuvre les plus efficaces (eg. visites des sites de l'entreprise informelle,formations collectives, etc.). L'étude 2 consistait à identifier, à partir d'une revue de lalittérature, les composants de la qualité de vie au travail et d'en proposer uneopérationnalisation. Ainsi, une démarche de validation a été réalisée auprès de 277 salariés.L'étude 3 avait pour objectif de mettre à l'épreuve plusieurs modèles multifactoriels prédisantl'intention de rester dans l'entreprise (N = 359). Les résultats nous permettent de confirmer lerôle déterminant des entreprises dans la réussite de l'entrée organisationnelle à travers lespratiques de recrutement et d'intégration et la qualité de vie au travail.La conclusion générale de cette étude nous amène à : 1) proposer un modèle théoriqueexplicatif et multifactoriel de la réussite de l'entrée organisationnelle qui conviendrait de testerdans des recherches futures et 2) envisager des perspectives appliquées concernant laformation des recruteurs et des acteurs de l'entreprise (à leurs différents niveauxhiérarchiques) sur les éléments fondamentaux relatifs à l'entrée organisationnelle desnouveaux embauchés. / This doctoral research was aimed at examining the role of companies in the success ofnewcomers' entry process into the organization (estimated through indicators such as wellbeing,organizational socialization, intent to stay in the company, etc.).Three studies were realized using a qualitative (study 1) and quantitative methodology (study1, 2 and 3). The main results of study 1 (N1 = 21 recruiters and N2 = 77 newcomers) revealedthe importance to provide clear information during the recruitment and shed in lightintegration practices and their most efficient strategies of implementation (eg. informal visitsof the sites'company, collective trainings, etc.). Study 2 was aimed at identifying, based on aliterature review, the components of the quality of work life and proposing anoperationalisation. Thus, a validation was realized on 277 employees. Study 3 was aimed totest several multifactorial models predicting the intention to stay in the company (N = 359).The results confirmed the role of companies in the success of newcomers' entry process intothe organization through the recruitment and integration practices and the quality of work life.In conclusion, this research led to 1) propose an explanatory and multifactorial theoreticalmodel of the success of organizational entry which could be tested in future researches and 2)consider applied perspectives in recruiters and companies actors (various hierarchical levels)training on fundamental elements of newcomers' organizational entry.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The present study sought to examine the impact of technology in permeating the boundaries between individuals’ work and family domains, testing and extending the current theoretical model of boundary management. The first goal, to explore predictors of the boundary management styles (BMS) people use with respect to communication technology (CT), was accomplished by demonstrating that three factors predicted BMS for CT use: preferences for integration, identity centrality, and work/family norms. The second goal, to examine outcomes that could result from varying CT use boundary management styles, was also supported in that BMS for CT use was a predictor of work-family conflict and enrichment. However, one key component of the model was not supported in that perceived control over BMS did not moderate the relationship between BMS and outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research on boundary theory and CT use. By exploring tangible boundary management behaviors, the present study offers interesting implications that could ultimately assist organizations in developing policies regarding CT use both at home and at work.

This sociological study investigates the effects of work stress on family dynamics. Job demands, like heavy workload and working overtime, could have an effect on family members to fulfill role obligations and vital family functions according to Parsons’s, Murdock’s and Merton’s functionalist theories. By employing qualitative research techniques, fifty in-depth interviews guided by an interview schedule are conducted. The three research questions or tentative hypotheses, based on the functionalist theory, are answered by the findings from the data gathered. An inductive strategy is used to gather and interpret data to eventually build new theory. Theory is grounded in the data, hence grounded theory. The findings are categorized in terms of the research questions and describe and explain how the family is affected when work stress is experienced by the employee and family member. Possible explanations are offered as to why this occurs. Recommendations for further research are also made. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

D. Tech. (Business, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / Organisational performance in the public sector has emerged as a critical topic in the post-1994 era in South Africa. This could ostensibly be attributed to the inability of the majority of most public organisations in the country to deliver a satisfactory standard of service to the public. An intense controversy has also emerged the world over on the selection of performance measures that are appropriate for use in public organisations. This debate is actuated by the existence of a multiplicity of performance measurement indices as well as frameworks that can be applied to manage performance in organisations. The existence of these multiple measurement mechanisms tends to confound the entire process of managing organisational performance. Another unresolved controversy focuses on the extent to which various organisational resources impact on organisational performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between organisational performance and three organisational resources; specifically, the human factor, organisational systems and organisational processes. A quantitative design was adopted in which a survey questionnaire was administered to 272 managers and employees of a South African National Government Department. Respondents were selected using a blend of purposive sampling and convenience sampling approaches. Data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Reliabilities were measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the human factors, organisational systems and organisational processes. Spearman’s correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between organisational performance and the sub-elements under each of the three organisational resources. The impacts of each of the three factors on organisational performance were compared using the mean-score ranking technique. Performance of the National Government Department was measured using the four performance yardsticks of the Balanced Scorecard; namely, customer satisfaction, financial performance, innovation and learning, and internal processes The findings of the study revealed that performance of the National Government Department was highest in four strategic areas; which are the promotion of good corporate ethics and values, client satisfaction, service quality and relations with external organisations. However, performance shortfalls were observed in four key areas; namely, organisational speed, attrition of manpower, overloading of employees and the overburdening of divisions with high workloads. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive relationships between organisational performance and the five human factor components; life satisfaction, quality of work life, ability utilisation, creativity and autonomy. Regression analysis indicated that there were significant and predictive relationships between organisational performance and three human factor elements; namely, quality of work life, ability utilisation and life satisfaction. Among the five human factor elements, life satisfaction exerted the greatest impact on organisational performance. Significant, positive and predictive associations were also found between organisational performance and three organisational system factors; quality, innovation and inter-organisational systems, with quality exerting the greatest impact on organisational performance. Significant, positive and predictive relationships were further observed between organisational performance and the four organisational process factors identified in the study; namely, organisational structure, organisational change, team processes and organisational change. Among these, team processes exerted the greatest influence on organisational performance. Overall, the human factor applied the greatest impact on organisational performance, followed by organisational processes with organisational systems having the least impact. Based on these findings, recommendations were made and implications for further studies were suggested. The findings of the study provide empirical confirmation of the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard as a tool for the measurement and management of performance in public sector organisations. Additionally, managers in different public organisations may enhance the performance of their organisations by optimising the sub-elements of the three organisational resources examined in this study.

Foreign exchange banking organisations afford individuals great career opportunities, and therefore endeavour to attract high-caliber employees who are self-motivated and create the dynamic, innovative and professional culture characteristic of the organisation. Retaining key talent characterised by skills shortages has become an imperative for sustaining competitive business performance in a fast-changing economic environment. The general aim of this research was to develop a model of employee motivation and job satisfaction for staff retention practices in a foreign exchange banking organisation. The concepts of employee motivation, job satisfaction and employee retention were discussed with regard to their history, conceptual foundation, theoretical approaches, types, variables and consequences. The theoretical model was developed accordingly on the basis of the literature review, and revealed the factors that could influence employee retention. The main purpose of the empirical research was to operationalise the theoretically derived motivation and job satisfaction concepts, statistically determine the underlying variables of motivation and job satisfaction that influence employee retention and develop a structural equation model to verify the theoretical model. A quantitative empirical research paradigm using the survey method was followed. Explanatory and descriptive research was used in this study, with a sample of 341 foreign exchange banking individuals drawn from a financial institution. Three questionnaires and a biographical questionnaire were adapted and administered to employees. The Work Preference Inventory (WPI) measured employee motivation, the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) measured job satisfaction, and the Employee Retention Questionnaire (ERQ) measured employee retention intention. A structural equation model development strategy produced a new best-fitting retention model based on the new constructs postulated in the factor analysis. The model indicated that job satisfaction explained the highest variance of retention when compared to motivation. The research should contribute towards a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence employee retention. The new model of employee motivation and job satisfaction for staff retention practices in a South African foreign exchange banking organisation could assist organisations in retaining skilled and talented staff. The study should encourage practitioners to take cognisance of the fact that organisations are different and that the motivation and job satisfaction factors for employee retention need to be considered. / Public Administration and Management / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

In this research, a cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted on a convenience sample of working adults (N = 550) from different race, gender, age, qualification, job level and tenure groups in various South African organisations, with the intention of developing a psychosocial model of career wellbeing for the working adult in the South African context. To identify the elements and nature of the model, the relationship dynamics between the constructs of occupational passion, psychological career resources, psychosocial career preoccupations and the outcome of career satisfaction were examined. The mediating effect of psychological career resources and psychosocial career preoccupations on the relationship dynamics between occupational passion and career satisfaction was determined. The moderating effect of certain sociodemographic variables (race, gender, age, qualification, job level, and tenure) on the relationship dynamics between the research constructs was measured. In addition, an evaluation of the differences manifested by individuals from various sociodemographic backgrounds (race, gender, age, qualification, job level, and tenure) regarding the research constructs added to an understanding of the manifested model. Correlation and inferential statistical analyses (multi-level mediation modelling, regression analysis and tests for significant mean differences) indicated that career management practices should consider harmonious passion to be an important intrinsic motivational antecedent in explaining the variance in individuals’ career satisfaction as it can facilitate the development of important psychosocial resources. These resources include flexible career preferences, well-crafted career plans and actions to achieve career goals, career harmonisers (i.e. self-esteem, behavioural adaptability and emotional literacy) and a strong need to be upskilled and employable (career adaptation needs). These elements manifested as the core elements of the psychosocial career wellbeing profile. Job level and race were further indicated as important sociodemographic variables in explaining levels of career satisfaction. Differences between race, gender, age, qualification, job level and tenure groups, for the constructs of occupational passion, psychological career resources, psychosocial career preoccupations and career satisfaction, also need to be considered in the career wellbeing profile. Theoretically, the results advanced career theory by empirically validating the core elements of the career wellbeing profile. These may be applied to inform career management practices and consequently enhance the career wellbeing of working adults. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))

This sociological study investigates the effects of work stress on family dynamics. Job demands, like heavy workload and working overtime, could have an effect on family members to fulfill role obligations and vital family functions according to Parsons’s, Murdock’s and Merton’s functionalist theories. By employing qualitative research techniques, fifty in-depth interviews guided by an interview schedule are conducted. The three research questions or tentative hypotheses, based on the functionalist theory, are answered by the findings from the data gathered. An inductive strategy is used to gather and interpret data to eventually build new theory. Theory is grounded in the data, hence grounded theory. The findings are categorized in terms of the research questions and describe and explain how the family is affected when work stress is experienced by the employee and family member. Possible explanations are offered as to why this occurs. Recommendations for further research are also made. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

O sofrimento mental relacionado ao trabalho é um campo de estudos relativamente novo, que vem ganhando cada vez mais importância em virtude das sérias repercussões que o adoecimento mental mediatizado pelos processos laborativos traz para as sociedades. No caso específico dos trabalhadores do Poder Judiciário, tal condição ganha importância cada vez maior, visto que as psicopatologias se constituem a principal causa de afàstamento neste grupo de trabalhadores. A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar os efeitos da tecnologia que contribuem para o adoecimento mental nos trabalhadores do Poder Judiciário no Estado do Paraná. Foi investigado em que medida o trabalho, enquanto categoria analítica, age como catalisador dos desarranjos psiquiátricos nestes trabalhadores. O percurso metodológico escolhido consistiu em duas etapas, sendo a primeira pesquisa documental em relatórios estatisticos produzidos pelo Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional da instituição-alvo. Estes relatórios informam o total de trabalhadores afastados por motivos médicos por grupos de doenças, ordenados conforme a Classificação Internacional de Doenças - CID-lO - da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Analisaram-se os relatórios que trazem os afastamentos médicos motivados por Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais (Capítulo V da CID-lO). Os dados compilados foram: "total de pessoas acometidas", "total de dias de afàstamento", e "transtorno mental e comportamental específico". De posse dos dados, procedeu-se análise acurada do histórico médico de magistrados e servidores escolhidos por critérios pré- definidos. Com isso foi possível identificar individuos que não possuíam histórico pregresso de patologias psiquiátricas anteriores ao ingresso na instituição. Posteriormente, foi aplicada entrevista semiestruturada a sujeitos previamente selecionados. Esta consistiu de perguntas objetivas e abertas, cujo objetivo foi identificar as possiveis relações entre o trabalho executado e o aparecimento de transtornos psiquicos. As respostas coletadas foram analisadas pela metodologia da Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A orientação epistemológica do presente estudo será a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho conforme proposta por Christophe Dejours, em sua interface com as relações de trabalho na atual sociedade capitalista. A pesquisa forneceu elementos de análise dos processos de sofrimento mental relacionado ao trabalho nesta categoria de profissionais, sinalizando que a adoção de novas tecnologias e as consequentes modificações nos processos de trabalho guardam relação com o adoecimento mental dos servidores da instituição analisada. Deste modo, aponta a necessidade da propositura de ações com vistas a minimizar potenciais danos à saúde mental de magistrados e servidores. / Mental suffering related to labour activities is a relatively new tleld of study which has gained increasing importance due to the serious implications that work-processed mental ilInesses bring to societies. In the specitlc case of the Judiciary workers, this condition becomes increasingly more and more important once the pathologies associated to the psychic system are the main cause of work leaves in this group of workers. This research aimed at identifying the effects of technology on mental illnesses in the workers of the Judiciary in the State of Paraná. It has been investigated to which extent the work, as an analytical category, accounts for psychiatric disorders in these workers. The methodological choices consisted of two stages, being the tirst a documentary research in the statistical reports produced by the Occupational HeaIth Service of the target institution. These reports show the total number of workers who asked for a work leave by disease groups organised according to the World Health Organization's Intemational Classitlcation of Diseases (ICD- IO). Reports of medicaI leaves motivated by Mental and Behavioral Disorders (Chapter V of ICD-IO) have been analyzed. The compiled data were: "total number of people affected", "total of days off work", and "specitlc mental and behavioral disorder". With such data, an accurate analysis of the medicaI history of magistrates and public servants chosen by pre-detined criteria was carried ou!. Thus, it was possible to identify individuaIs who did not have previous history of psychiatric pathologies prior to joining the institution. Subsequently, a semi-structured interview was applied to previously selected individuais. This consisted of objective and open questions, whose aim was to identify the possible relationships between the work performed and the development of psychic disorders. The collected responses were analyzed on the lenses of the Discourse Analysis of the Collective Subject methodology. The epistemological path of this research wilI be the Psychodynamics of Work interfaced with labor relations in the present capitalist society as proposed by Christophe Dejours. The research provided elements of analysis of the processes of mental suffering related to work in this category of professionals, pointing to the adoption of new technologies and the consequent changes in work processes that might be related to the mental illnesses of the public servants of the analysed institution. Therefore, it points out to the need of proposing actions with a view to minimizing potential damages to the mental health ofmagistrates and public servants.

O sofrimento mental relacionado ao trabalho é um campo de estudos relativamente novo, que vem ganhando cada vez mais importância em virtude das sérias repercussões que o adoecimento mental mediatizado pelos processos laborativos traz para as sociedades. No caso específico dos trabalhadores do Poder Judiciário, tal condição ganha importância cada vez maior, visto que as psicopatologias se constituem a principal causa de afàstamento neste grupo de trabalhadores. A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar os efeitos da tecnologia que contribuem para o adoecimento mental nos trabalhadores do Poder Judiciário no Estado do Paraná. Foi investigado em que medida o trabalho, enquanto categoria analítica, age como catalisador dos desarranjos psiquiátricos nestes trabalhadores. O percurso metodológico escolhido consistiu em duas etapas, sendo a primeira pesquisa documental em relatórios estatisticos produzidos pelo Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional da instituição-alvo. Estes relatórios informam o total de trabalhadores afastados por motivos médicos por grupos de doenças, ordenados conforme a Classificação Internacional de Doenças - CID-lO - da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Analisaram-se os relatórios que trazem os afastamentos médicos motivados por Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais (Capítulo V da CID-lO). Os dados compilados foram: "total de pessoas acometidas", "total de dias de afàstamento", e "transtorno mental e comportamental específico". De posse dos dados, procedeu-se análise acurada do histórico médico de magistrados e servidores escolhidos por critérios pré- definidos. Com isso foi possível identificar individuos que não possuíam histórico pregresso de patologias psiquiátricas anteriores ao ingresso na instituição. Posteriormente, foi aplicada entrevista semiestruturada a sujeitos previamente selecionados. Esta consistiu de perguntas objetivas e abertas, cujo objetivo foi identificar as possiveis relações entre o trabalho executado e o aparecimento de transtornos psiquicos. As respostas coletadas foram analisadas pela metodologia da Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A orientação epistemológica do presente estudo será a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho conforme proposta por Christophe Dejours, em sua interface com as relações de trabalho na atual sociedade capitalista. A pesquisa forneceu elementos de análise dos processos de sofrimento mental relacionado ao trabalho nesta categoria de profissionais, sinalizando que a adoção de novas tecnologias e as consequentes modificações nos processos de trabalho guardam relação com o adoecimento mental dos servidores da instituição analisada. Deste modo, aponta a necessidade da propositura de ações com vistas a minimizar potenciais danos à saúde mental de magistrados e servidores. / Mental suffering related to labour activities is a relatively new tleld of study which has gained increasing importance due to the serious implications that work-processed mental ilInesses bring to societies. In the specitlc case of the Judiciary workers, this condition becomes increasingly more and more important once the pathologies associated to the psychic system are the main cause of work leaves in this group of workers. This research aimed at identifying the effects of technology on mental illnesses in the workers of the Judiciary in the State of Paraná. It has been investigated to which extent the work, as an analytical category, accounts for psychiatric disorders in these workers. The methodological choices consisted of two stages, being the tirst a documentary research in the statistical reports produced by the Occupational HeaIth Service of the target institution. These reports show the total number of workers who asked for a work leave by disease groups organised according to the World Health Organization's Intemational Classitlcation of Diseases (ICD- IO). Reports of medicaI leaves motivated by Mental and Behavioral Disorders (Chapter V of ICD-IO) have been analyzed. The compiled data were: "total number of people affected", "total of days off work", and "specitlc mental and behavioral disorder". With such data, an accurate analysis of the medicaI history of magistrates and public servants chosen by pre-detined criteria was carried ou!. Thus, it was possible to identify individuaIs who did not have previous history of psychiatric pathologies prior to joining the institution. Subsequently, a semi-structured interview was applied to previously selected individuais. This consisted of objective and open questions, whose aim was to identify the possible relationships between the work performed and the development of psychic disorders. The collected responses were analyzed on the lenses of the Discourse Analysis of the Collective Subject methodology. The epistemological path of this research wilI be the Psychodynamics of Work interfaced with labor relations in the present capitalist society as proposed by Christophe Dejours. The research provided elements of analysis of the processes of mental suffering related to work in this category of professionals, pointing to the adoption of new technologies and the consequent changes in work processes that might be related to the mental illnesses of the public servants of the analysed institution. Therefore, it points out to the need of proposing actions with a view to minimizing potential damages to the mental health ofmagistrates and public servants.