This thesis examines the effect regionalism had upon North Carolina and Virginia during the 1847-1862 legislative battles over the Danville, Virginia, to Greensboro, North Carolina, railroad connection. The first chapter examines the rivalry between eastern and western North Carolina for internal improvement legislation, namely westerners’ wish to connect with Virginia and easterners’ desire to remain economically relevant. The second chapter investigates the Tidewater region of Virginia and its battle against the Southside to create a rail connection with North Carolina. The third chapter examines the legislation for the Danville Connection during the American Civil War in the Virginia, North Carolina, and Confederate legislatures. Through an examination of voting patterns and public opinion, this thesis finds that, despite Confederate President Jefferson Davis’s designation of the Danville connection as a military necessity, regionalism overcame Confederate nationalism during this instance.

Chan Sing Nam Leslie. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Book 4 Design / Final design product / Special study / Design process / Book 3 Appendix / Precedent studies / Book 2 How to change / Clients' brief / Mission and goals / Site demonstration / Design program / Book 1 Call for change / Question for future / Background of thesis / Inspiration of thesis / Bibliography

Tang Wing Yin, Grace. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 127). / Semester 1 / Chapter Part A: --- Thesis Topic / Chapter 0. --- Thesis Abstract --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Thesis Statement / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current Phenomenon --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Standpoint --- p.4 / Chapter 2. --- Key Issues / Chapter 2.1 --- Station - City Relation --- p.5-7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Station - Urban Living Relation --- p.8-9 / Chapter 3. --- Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- Site Selection and Site Study --- p.11-13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Urban Living Study --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Typology Study --- p.15-16 / Chapter Part B: --- Body of Research / Chapter 4. --- Research Studies / Chapter 4.1 --- Site Study --- p.17-38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Urban Living Study --- p.39-47 / Chapter 4.3 --- Typology Study --- p.48-65 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.66 / Chapter 5. --- Architectural Strategies / Chapter 5.1 --- Urban Strategy --- p.67-69 / Chapter 5.2 --- Program Strategy --- p.70-71 / Chapter 5.3 --- Urban Form Strategy --- p.72-75 / Chapter 5.4 --- Design Approach --- p.76-77 / Semester 2 / Chapter Part C: --- Design Research Page No. / Thesis Statement (Modified) --- p.78-80 / Chapter 6. --- Site Challenge & Potential --- p.81-84 / Chapter 7. --- Urban Strategy / Chapter 7. 1 --- Strategy Testing 1 - Urban Life Spine Creation between KCR and MTR Stations --- p.85-96 / Chapter 7. 2 --- Strategy Testing 2 - Urban Life Spine Creation between KCR Station and Existing Town Hall --- p.97-101 / Chapter 8. --- Design Process --- p.102-110 / Chapter 9. --- Final Design --- p.111-126 / Chapter 10. --- Reference --- p.127 / Chapter 11. --- Appendix --- p.128-129

The magnitudes and relative pressure distributions transmitted to the crosstie-ballast interface of railroad track significantly influences the subsequent behavior and performance of the overall track structure. If the track structure is not properly designed to distribute the heavy-axle loads of freight cars and locomotives, deficiencies and inherent failures of the crossties, ballast, or underlying support layers can occur, requiring substantial and frequent maintenance activities to achieve requisite track geometrical standards. Incorporating an understanding of the pressure distribution at the crosstie-ballast interface, appropriate designs can be applied to adequately provide a high performing and long-lasting railroad track. Although this can be considered a simple concept, the magnitudes and distributions of pressures at the crosstie-ballast interface have historically proven to be difficult to quantifiably measure and assess over the years. This document describes the development and application of a method to measure average railroad track crosstie-ballast interfacial pressures using timber crossties and pressure cells specifically designed for granular materials. A procedure was specifically developed for recessing the cells in the bottoms of timber crossties. The validity of the test method was initially verified with a series of laboratory tests. These tests used controlled loads applied to sections of trackbed constructed in specifically designed resilient frames. The prototype trackbed section was intended to simulate typical in-track loading conditions and ballast response. Cells were subsequently installed at a test site on an NS Railway well-maintained mainline just east of Knoxville, TN. Six successive crossties were fitted with pressure cells at the ballast interface below the rail seat. Pressure cells were also installed at the center of two crossties where the ballast is typically not tamped or consolidated. Trackbed pressures at the crosstie-ballast interface were periodically measured for numerous revenue freight trains during a period of twenty-one months. After raising and surfacing the track, the ballast was permitted to further consolidate under normal train traffic before again measuring pressures. Having the ballast tightly and uniformly compacted under crossties is important to ensuring representative and reproducible pressure measurements. Measured maximum pressures under the rail at the crosstie-ballast interface ranged from 20 to 30 psi (140 to 210 kPa) for locomotives and loaded freight cars with smooth wheels producing negligible wheel/rail impacts. Crosstie-ballast interface pressures were typically 3 psi (20 kPa) maximum for empty freight cars with smooth wheels. Heavily loaded articulated intermodal car pressures for shared trucks tended to reach nearly 40 psi (280 kPa), actually higher than locomotive-produced pressures. The recorded pressures under the center of the ties were normally negligible, less than 1 psi (7 kPa) for locomotives and loaded freight cars. Wheel-Rail force parameters measured by nearby wheel-impact load detectors (WILD) were compared to crosstie-ballast pressure data for the same trains traversing the test site. Increases in peak WILD forces, either due to heavier wheel loads or increased impacts, were determined to relate favorably to increases in recorded trackbed pressures with a power relationship. The ratios between the peak and nominal wheel forces and trackbed pressures also have strong relationships.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Dietrich; Coorientadora: Profa. Dra. Terezinha Ferrari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa De Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2015. / A especificidade deste trabalho se centra na apreensão da realidade técnico-científica a partir da oralidade. Procuraremos enfatizar os significativos processos de inovações técnicas ligados à ferrovia e os impactos gerados sobre a natureza e sobre os que hoje habitam a Vila de Paranapiacaba, Santo André-SP através da história e da memória de habitantes e de outras pessoas cuja intervenção prático-sensível transformou e construiu esse processo. São inúmeros sujeitos: ferroviários, seus familiares, pesquisadores, moradores e turistas que vivenciaram as relações de trabalho que podem contribuir para a compreensão da situação da vila ferroviária, hoje considerada como distrito Vila de Paranapiacaba, construída em fins do século XIX no alto da Serra do Mar, em São Paulo. Tais colaboradores contribuem em suas narrativas orais ao expressarem suas experiências muitas vezes esquecidas pelos descaminhos em direção ao progresso. Por meio do desenvolvimento crítico sobre as entrevistas será promovida a reflexão sobre os processos de inovações técnicas, as relações de trabalho e a preservação do patrimônio cultural na Vila de Paranapiacaba e da ferrovia que articula Santos a Jundiaí no período de 1860 a 2012. / The specific of this work is to get centered in the seizure of the technique-scientific reality from the orality basis. We will try to emphasize the meaningful process of technical innovations related to the railroad and the impacts on the nature and on the residents in Vila de Paranapiacaba, Santo André-SP today through the history and memory of the inhabitants and other people whose practical-sensitive, intervention transformed and constructed this process. There are countless subjects: rail workers, their families, researchers, residents and tourists who have experienced labor relations that can contribute to the understanding of the situation of railway village, today considered as Vila de Paranapiacaba district, built in the late 19th century on the top of Serra do Mar, in São Paulo. Such social subjects in this village contribute to their oral narratives by expressing their experiences often forgotten by actions taken towards progress. Through the critical development on oral sources will be promoted the reflection on the process of technical innovations, the work relationships and the preservation of the cultural heritage in Vila de Paranapiacaba and railway that connects Santos to Jundiaí from 1860 to 2012.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Universidade Federal do Cearà / O atendimento da demanda de transporte de carga està relacionado ao processo de alocaÃÃo do vagÃo, que por sua vez, està associado à maneira pela qual a decisÃo à tomada. A distribuiÃÃo dos vagÃes aos terminais de carregamento depende do planejamento e da movimentaÃÃo dos vagÃes vazios, sendo a viagem deste, a parcela de maior impacto financeiro sobre o sistema ferroviÃrio. Desta forma, um mecanismo eficiente de distribuiÃÃo de vagÃo à vital para as estradas de ferro, pois proporciona importantes ganhos operacionais e de custos. Assim, o propÃsito deste trabalho à analisar o problema relacionado à distribuiÃÃo dos vagÃes de carga e desenvolver modelos em ProgramaÃÃo Linear Inteira, que ofereÃam ao analista a oportunidade de conhecer em detalhes, (em um nÃvel tÃtico e operacional), as dificuldades enfrentadas pela ferrovia, bem como avaliar a proposiÃÃo de metas dos tempos de retenÃÃo em pÃtios, tempos de deslocamento, nÃmero de vagÃes retidos para manutenÃÃo, necessidade do aumento da frota e, atà mesmo, a rentabilidade das demandas ou a viabilidade de execuÃÃo do programa de transporte diante das premissas operacionais em vigor / Load transportation attendance for demand is related to the process of wagon allocation that in its turn, is associated with the way by which the decision is taken. The distribution of the wagons to the shipment terminals depends on the planning and movement of the empty wagons, being the trip of the empty wagon the parcel with bigger financial impact on the railroad system. In such a way, an efficient mechanism for wagon distribution is vital for the railroads, therefore providing important operational gains and cost savings. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the problem related to the distribution of freight wagons and develop models in integer linear programming that will offer the analyst the opportunity to know in detail (in a tactical and operational level) the difficulties faced by the railroad, and to evaluate the setting of goals for retention times in rail yards, transit time, number of cars retained for maintenance, need to increase the fleet and even the profitability of the request or the feasibility for the implementation of the transport towards the operational assumptions in place

Presented diploma thesis deals with problems connected with accidents at railroad crossings from the road and railway drivers´ perspectives. The theoretical part is particularly focused on the explanation of chosen regulations associated with railroad crossings, with their construction and technical design and also with ways and options of marking in connection with railroad crossing safety system. The paper mentions the most frequent causes why dangerous situations occur. These causes arise from the railway and road drivers´ personal experience, supplemented by statistics of accidents at railroad crossings for the previous periods. The practical part analyses the options for averting a collision on two particular railroad crossings. For this purpose, the railroad crossing secured by lights and the railroad crossing secured only by a warning cross were chosen. Here, with Virtual Crash programme support, the origin of the chosen crisis situations is simulated and later options of their averting are evaluated. Finally, proposals for increasing railroad crossings safety are formulated for both cases. The appendix consists of a list of legislative regulations dealing with railroad crossings, a driving record of the rail vehicle and its technical parameters and simulation programme´s outputs.

As reality continues to shift from the made fact to the idea: We conclude that creativity is a state of mind; measured by what is made. It is only when extended beyond oneself that an idea can become real to more than one. We Extend thru our talents and skills. The significance of that made is its Presence measured in time / Master of Architecture

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 1978 / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering