Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-193). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-193)

Orientador: Marymarcia Guedes / Banca: Vanderlei de Andrade Aguilera / Banca: Maria Rosário de Fátima Valencise Gregolin / Banca: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Banca: Luiz Antônio Amaral / Resumo: Neste estudo, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolingüística Variacionista Quantitaviva, analisamos o uso das vogais pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no falar de 32 informantes, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, referentes a 2 regiões paranaenses. Conforme os resultados, verificamos que os contextos lingüísticos são determinantes no alçamento ([u], [i]) ou na manutenção ([o], [e]) dessas vogais. Dentre as variáveis lingüísticas as mais relevantes para a aplicação do alçamento foram: a) as vogais altas da sílaba seguinte a das vogais pretônicas ([o], [e]); b) as vogais médias pretônicas em contexto de hiato; c) a vogal pretônica [e] em contexto inicial seguida por uma fricativa [s,z] ou por uma nasal. Quanto às variáveis sociais, sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, foram pouco significantes, todavia, pudemos verificar que as mulheres, os mais escolarizados, e os informantes com idade intermediária tendem a alçar menos que os homens, os jovens, os mais idosos, os analfabetos. Esse fato pode ser um indicativo de "prestígio" ou apontar para a questão das pressões sociais em relação à manutenção das pretônicas [e] e [o] nestas variedades, embora os resultados das variáveis sociais não possibilitem conclusões definitivas pelos percentuais muito próximos. / Abstract: In this study following the theorical pressupositions of the Quantitative Variacionist Sociolinguistics, we analyse the behaviour of the mid pretonic vowels /e/ and /o/ in the talk of thirty-two informants (females and males sex) referent to two paranaense Linguistic region. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, we verified that raising ([u],[i]) or the maintenance ([o],[e]) of the mid pretonic vowels [e] and [o] is determined by linguistic context, for example, when the immediate next syllable has the vowels [i] or [u], when the dependent variable is followed by a vowel, when the pretonic [e] is in initial context and/or followed by fricative consonant [z, s] or by a nasal consonant. As for social variables sex, age and schoolarship, we observed that they have less significance. In spite of, that we could verify that the women, the informants with high level of education and the middle age use more the mid vowels [o] and [e] . While the men, the informants with lower education level and the youngest, the oldest use more the high vowel [u] and [i]. This fact can be indicative of some "prestigie" or "social pression" in relation to the maintenance of the pretonics [o] and [e] in this variety. Although these results very close don't allow us definitive conclusions. / Doutor

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os impactos da taxa de natalidade, da idade de acasalamento e da idade de abate na produção por hectare e na taxa de desfrute de sistemas de ciclo completo de bovinos de corte e desenvolver um indicador para determinar a eficiência bioeconômica da atividade. Para avaliar estes impactos, utilizou-se um modelo computacional determinístico que ajusta categorias animais mediante coeficientes técnicos e pressupostos de evolução do rebanho. Com dados do modelo computacional, estimaram-se modelos matemáticos para predição da produção por hectare (PH) e taxa de desfrute (TD) em função da taxa de natalidade (TN), idade de acasalamento (IAC), idade de abate (IAB) e lotação animal (LT). Os conceitos de análise de sensibilidade e princípios da teoria da utilidade marginal da microeconomia foram utilizados para avaliar os impactos marginais ao mudarem-se os indicadores zootécnicos do rebanho em 27 cenários. Pôde-se identificar o cenário de maior impacto para cada indicador e o indicador de maior impacto para cada cenário. O modelo pode também ser utilizado para identificar em que circunstâncias de aumento da lotação animal e modificação nos indicadores zootécnicos ocorre uma redução na produção por hectare. Para auxiliar nas decisões de investimento quando se pretende intensificar a produção, foi desenvolvida uma sistemática para estimar o valor da produção adicional (VPA). Por fim, um indicador de eficiência bioeconômica (IEB) foi desenvolvido utilizando-se o conceito de retorno do capital investido, sendo aplicado em um cenário teórico de referência para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Com este método, sistemas produtivos eficientes são aqueles que apresentam valores superiores a 3. O cenário teórico foi ineficiente com os valores de 2,22 para o IEB e de 1,50, 2,81 e 3,06 para os componentes solo, planta e animal, respectivamente. Foram identificadas alternativas entre as variáveis que tornam a atividade eficiente, além de relações de isoeficiência em diferentes cenários. Sugerem-se a aplicação do indicador em outras atividades agrícolas e a elaboração de estudos de isoeficiência que incorporem aspectos ambientais e de bem-estar social. / This study aimed at assessing the impacts of calving rate, age at mating and age at slaughter on both the production per hectare and the slaughter rate of cow-calf production systems. An indicator was also developed to determine the bio-economical efficiency of this type of production. To assess these impacts, a deterministic computer model was used. The model adjusted animal categories by means of technical coefficients and assumptions about the herd evolution. Mathematical models were developed to predict production per hectare (PH) and slaughter rate (TD) in relation to calving rate (TN), age at mating (IAC), age at slaughter (IAB) and stocking rate (TL). The concepts of sensitivity analysis, along with the principles of microeconomic marginal utility theory, were used to assess the marginal impacts when the production indicators of the herd were changed in 27 scenarios. It was possible to identify the scenario that had the greatest impact for each indicator, as well as the indicator of the greatest impact in each scenario. The model was also employed to identify in which circumstances an increased number of animals and changed production levels caused a reduction in the production per hectare. To assist in the decision-making process related to investments when a higher production is intended, a systematic framework was developed to estimate the value of additional production (VPA). Finally, a bio-economical efficiency indicator (IEB) was developed by using the concept of return on investment, and this was applied to a theoretical reference scenario in Rio Grande do Sul State. With this method, efficient production systems show values that are higher than 3. The theoretical scenario was inefficient, with IEB of 2.22 and 1.50, 2.81, and 3.06 for the soil, plant and animal components, respectively. Alternatives among the variables that make the activity efficient were identified, as well as isoefficiency relationships in different scenarios. It is suggested that this indicator is applied in other agricultural activities. The design of studies of isoefficiency incorporating environmental and social welfare issues is recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kailer_da_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2218624 bytes, checksum: 00daaba42d0959331307bca945afc959 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste estudo, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolingüística Variacionista Quantitaviva, analisamos o uso das vogais pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no falar de 32 informantes, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, referentes a 2 regiões paranaenses. Conforme os resultados, verificamos que os contextos lingüísticos são determinantes no alçamento ([u], [i]) ou na manutenção ([o], [e]) dessas vogais. Dentre as variáveis lingüísticas as mais relevantes para a aplicação do alçamento foram: a) as vogais altas da sílaba seguinte a das vogais pretônicas ([o], [e]); b) as vogais médias pretônicas em contexto de hiato; c) a vogal pretônica [e] em contexto inicial seguida por uma fricativa [s,z] ou por uma nasal. Quanto às variáveis sociais, sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, foram pouco significantes, todavia, pudemos verificar que as mulheres, os mais escolarizados, e os informantes com idade intermediária tendem a alçar menos que os homens, os jovens, os mais idosos, os analfabetos. Esse fato pode ser um indicativo de “prestígio” ou apontar para a questão das pressões sociais em relação à manutenção das pretônicas [e] e [o] nestas variedades, embora os resultados das variáveis sociais não possibilitem conclusões definitivas pelos percentuais muito próximos. / In this study following the theorical pressupositions of the Quantitative Variacionist Sociolinguistics, we analyse the behaviour of the mid pretonic vowels /e/ and /o/ in the talk of thirty-two informants (females and males sex) referent to two paranaense Linguistic region. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, we verified that raising ([u],[i]) or the maintenance ([o],[e]) of the mid pretonic vowels [e] and [o] is determined by linguistic context, for example, when the immediate next syllable has the vowels [i] or [u], when the dependent variable is followed by a vowel, when the pretonic [e] is in initial context and/or followed by fricative consonant [z, s] or by a nasal consonant. As for social variables sex, age and schoolarship, we observed that they have less significance. In spite of, that we could verify that the women, the informants with high level of education and the middle age use more the mid vowels [o] and [e] . While the men, the informants with lower education level and the youngest, the oldest use more the high vowel [u] and [i]. This fact can be indicative of some “prestigie” or “social pression” in relation to the maintenance of the pretonics [o] and [e] in this variety. Although these results very close don´t allow us definitive conclusions.

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de atividades desenvolvidas, no Colégio Americano, com a oitava série do Ensino Fundamental, a qual aborda a formação de um indivíduo mais crítico, mais consciente e mais comprometido com as questões de seu tempo por intermédio do trabalho com a leitura. Consideramos as especificidades dessa série quanto ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, afetivo e psicológico. Fundamentamos esta pesquisa por meio das contribuições da Análise do Discurso, da Lingüística, da Teoria da Literatura, assim como por meio das contribuições teóricas oriundas da área da Educação. Faremos, aqui, uma descrição apenas das duas propostas que serviram de fonte de dados para realização dessa pesquisa: a primeira constou de um estudo comparativo, com enunciação de juízos, entre a obra Capitães da Areia, do escritor Jorge Amado, e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; a segunda, de registro, de impressões, de questionamentos, de reflexões sobre a realidade que circunda o educando, por meio dos diferentes gêneros textuais estudados em aula, como também por meio de fotografias, a fim de os alunos comporem uma revista de leitura de mundo. Com o objetivo de facilitar a aplicabilidade desta proposta e de garantir material viável e acessível a todas as escolas, com bons resultados experimentais, apresentamos uma descrição detalhada dos procedimentos que realizamos. Ainda um fator a ser considerado em nossa pesquisa é a possibilidade de adaptação deste trabalho a diferenciados níveis de ensino, por intermédio do estudo de outras estratégias de leitura e de produção textual. / This work presents a proposal of activities developed, at Colégio Americano with the 8th grade. It focus on the formation of individuals who are more critical, more conscious and more engaged with the questions of their times through reading. We took into consideration the specificities of this school grade as to their cognitive, affective and psychological developments. We based this research on the contributions of the Analysis of Speech, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature as well as on the theoretical contributions of the field of Education. Here we describe only the two propositions that worked as data sources for this research. The first one was a comparative study, with judgment manifestation, between Jorge Amados Capitães da Areia and the Child and Adolescent Statute; the second one, the noting of feelings, questionings, reflections about the reality that surrounds the students, by means of different text styles studied at class as well as pictures, so that students could produce a world reading magazine. In order to facilitate the applicability of this proposal and of guaranteeing useful and accessible material to any school, with good experimental results, we present a detailed description of our procedures. Another point to be considered in our research is the possibility of adapting this work to different grades, by means of studying other reading and text production strategies.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os impactos da taxa de natalidade, da idade de acasalamento e da idade de abate na produção por hectare e na taxa de desfrute de sistemas de ciclo completo de bovinos de corte e desenvolver um indicador para determinar a eficiência bioeconômica da atividade. Para avaliar estes impactos, utilizou-se um modelo computacional determinístico que ajusta categorias animais mediante coeficientes técnicos e pressupostos de evolução do rebanho. Com dados do modelo computacional, estimaram-se modelos matemáticos para predição da produção por hectare (PH) e taxa de desfrute (TD) em função da taxa de natalidade (TN), idade de acasalamento (IAC), idade de abate (IAB) e lotação animal (LT). Os conceitos de análise de sensibilidade e princípios da teoria da utilidade marginal da microeconomia foram utilizados para avaliar os impactos marginais ao mudarem-se os indicadores zootécnicos do rebanho em 27 cenários. Pôde-se identificar o cenário de maior impacto para cada indicador e o indicador de maior impacto para cada cenário. O modelo pode também ser utilizado para identificar em que circunstâncias de aumento da lotação animal e modificação nos indicadores zootécnicos ocorre uma redução na produção por hectare. Para auxiliar nas decisões de investimento quando se pretende intensificar a produção, foi desenvolvida uma sistemática para estimar o valor da produção adicional (VPA). Por fim, um indicador de eficiência bioeconômica (IEB) foi desenvolvido utilizando-se o conceito de retorno do capital investido, sendo aplicado em um cenário teórico de referência para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Com este método, sistemas produtivos eficientes são aqueles que apresentam valores superiores a 3. O cenário teórico foi ineficiente com os valores de 2,22 para o IEB e de 1,50, 2,81 e 3,06 para os componentes solo, planta e animal, respectivamente. Foram identificadas alternativas entre as variáveis que tornam a atividade eficiente, além de relações de isoeficiência em diferentes cenários. Sugerem-se a aplicação do indicador em outras atividades agrícolas e a elaboração de estudos de isoeficiência que incorporem aspectos ambientais e de bem-estar social. / This study aimed at assessing the impacts of calving rate, age at mating and age at slaughter on both the production per hectare and the slaughter rate of cow-calf production systems. An indicator was also developed to determine the bio-economical efficiency of this type of production. To assess these impacts, a deterministic computer model was used. The model adjusted animal categories by means of technical coefficients and assumptions about the herd evolution. Mathematical models were developed to predict production per hectare (PH) and slaughter rate (TD) in relation to calving rate (TN), age at mating (IAC), age at slaughter (IAB) and stocking rate (TL). The concepts of sensitivity analysis, along with the principles of microeconomic marginal utility theory, were used to assess the marginal impacts when the production indicators of the herd were changed in 27 scenarios. It was possible to identify the scenario that had the greatest impact for each indicator, as well as the indicator of the greatest impact in each scenario. The model was also employed to identify in which circumstances an increased number of animals and changed production levels caused a reduction in the production per hectare. To assist in the decision-making process related to investments when a higher production is intended, a systematic framework was developed to estimate the value of additional production (VPA). Finally, a bio-economical efficiency indicator (IEB) was developed by using the concept of return on investment, and this was applied to a theoretical reference scenario in Rio Grande do Sul State. With this method, efficient production systems show values that are higher than 3. The theoretical scenario was inefficient, with IEB of 2.22 and 1.50, 2.81, and 3.06 for the soil, plant and animal components, respectively. Alternatives among the variables that make the activity efficient were identified, as well as isoefficiency relationships in different scenarios. It is suggested that this indicator is applied in other agricultural activities. The design of studies of isoefficiency incorporating environmental and social welfare issues is recommended.

Submitted by Lafaiete Santos Santiago (lafaiete.santiago@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-14T17:09:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FONTOURA CS 2014.pdf: 1494697 bytes, checksum: 837f4601523ccdcc7124c7a0ea3952f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-13T14:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FONTOURA CS 2014.pdf: 1494697 bytes, checksum: 837f4601523ccdcc7124c7a0ea3952f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T14:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FONTOURA CS 2014.pdf: 1494697 bytes, checksum: 837f4601523ccdcc7124c7a0ea3952f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / O trabalho remunerado feminino tem causado impacto nas famílias e no cuidado dos filhos. Diante disso, a presente dissertação de mestrado objetiva a conhecer as concepções e práticas de mães de crianças (com idades entre dois e cinco anos) sobre família, cuidado e educação de filhos, comparando as visões das que trabalham com as das que não estão inseridas no mercado de trabalho. Optou-se por estudo qualitativo. Foram entrevistadas 10 mães de classe média: cinco delas inseridas no mercado de trabalho e as outras cinco não. As mães foram acessadas em clínica pediátrica de Salvador-Ba. Para a coleta de dados foi construído um roteiro de entrevista com questões predominantemente abertas. Como procedimentos, a mestranda convidou mães de crianças atendidas na referida clínica a participarem da pesquisa considerando os critérios de inclusão. As mães assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e foram entrevistadas em local de conveniência para elas. Tais entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. As respostas obtidas foram descritas e construiram-se categorias apartir delas. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Maternidade Climério de Oliveira (COM/UFBA). Os principais resultados foram: a família foi concebida como base de tudo e sentido da vida das mães. A maternidade foi considerada tarefa positiva, mas complexa, envolvendo responsabilidade e amor incondicional. As concepções de educação envolveram principalmente a orientação/ensino, o estabelecimento de limites e a transmissão de valores. Verificou-se sobrecarga de atribuições conferidas às mães acerca dos trabalhos domésticos e os direcionados à educação e cuidados dos filhos. No entanto, constatou-se que mães que trabalham contam com rede maior de apoio no cuidado e educação dos filhos, incluindo familiares e não familiares predominantemente do sexo feminino. Conforme as entrevistadas, suas famílias educam as crianças estabelecendo limites e transmitindo valores e orientações. Parece haver um consenso entre as participantes dos dois grupos de que há um maior tempo de dedicação aos filhos por parte das mães que não trabalham. Também ficou evidente a necessidade de se considerar a qualidade do tempo disponível, não apenas a quantidade. Conclui-se que a maternidade é central na vida dessas mulheres. Mesmo mais sobrecarregadas, as que trabalham contam com rede de apoio nos cuidados dos filhos e apresentam satisfação pessoal e profissional proporcionada pelo trabalho. As que não trabalham reconhecem a importância da presença delas junto aos filhos, porém, por vezes, sentem-se com muitas demandas familiares e desejavam um tempo para suprir suas necessidades pessoais e profissionais, aspirando retornar ao mercado de trabalho. Aponta-se para a necessidade de estudos futuros aprofundando a complexidade da relação família e trabalho. / The inclusion of women in the labor market has had an impact in families and in their childcare practices. This master’s dissertation thus aims to research the concepts and practices of mothers with two- to five-year-old children regarding family, childcare, and child-rearing, comparing the perspectives of mothers who are in the labor market with those who are not. A qualitative method for this study was chosen. Ten middle-class mothers were interviewed; five of whom are in the labor market and five who are not. The mothers were met in a pediatric clinic in Salvador-BA. For data collection, an interview script was constructed with primarily open questions. The researcher invited mothers of children who were treated at the aforementioned clinic to participate in the project, considering the inclusion criteria. The mothers signed the Statement of Informed Consent and were interviewed in locations that were convenient for them. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the responses obtained were described and used to construct categories. This study was approved by the Climério de Oliveira Maternity Research Ethics Committee (COM/UFBA). The main results were as follows: mothers viewed family as the basis of everything and the purpose of their lives. Motherhood was considered a positive – albeit complex – duty. The concepts of child-rearing involved mainly guidance/teaching, the establishment of limits and the transmission of values. The study verified an overload of tasks conferred to the mothers, regarding domestic duties as well as those geared towards childcare and child-rearing. However, it can be stated that the mothers in the labor market have a larger support network in their childcare and child-rearing, which includes relatives and non-relatives people. These duties are shared primarily among women. Their families raise their children by establishing limits and transmitting values and guidance. There appears to be a consensus among the members of the two groups that mothers who are not in the labor market have more time to dedicate to their children. It was also evident that the quality of time available, not only the quantity, must be considered. It can be concluded that motherhood is central to the lives of the women interviewed. Although mothers in the labor market are more overloaded, they have a childcare support network and demonstrate personal and professional satisfaction afforded by their work. Mothers outside the labor market recognize the importance of their presence for their children; however, they sometimes feel suffocated by family demands and wish for time to meet their personal and professional needs. Future studies are needed to further research the complexity of the relationship between family and work. Keywords: Motherhood; Family; Child-raising; Childcare. The inclusion of women in the labor market has had an impact in families and in their childcare practices. This master’s dissertation thus aims to research the concepts and practices of mothers with two- to five-year-old children regarding family, childcare, and child-rearing, comparing the perspectives of mothers who are in the labor market with those who are not. A qualitative method for this study was chosen. Ten middle-class mothers were interviewed; five of whom are in the labor market and five who are not. The mothers were met in a pediatric clinic in Salvador-BA. For data collection, an interview script was constructed with primarily open questions. The researcher invited mothers of children who were treated at the aforementioned clinic to participate in the project, considering the inclusion criteria. The mothers signed the Statement of Informed Consent and were interviewed in locations that were convenient for them. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the responses obtained were described and used to construct categories. This study was approved by the Climério de Oliveira Maternity Research Ethics Committee (COM/UFBA). The main results were as follows: mothers viewed family as the basis of everything and the purpose of their lives. Motherhood was considered a positive – albeit complex – duty. The concepts of child-rearing involved mainly guidance/teaching, the establishment of limits and the transmission of values. The study verified an overload of tasks conferred to the mothers, regarding domestic duties as well as those geared towards childcare and child-rearing. However, it can be stated that the mothers in the labor market have a larger support network in their childcare and child-rearing, which includes relatives and non-relatives people. These duties are shared primarily among women. Their families raise their children by establishing limits and transmitting values and guidance. There appears to be a consensus among the members of the two groups that mothers who are not in the labor market have more time to dedicate to their children. It was also evident that the quality of time available, not only the quantity, must be considered. It can be concluded that motherhood is central to the lives of the women interviewed. Although mothers in the labor market are more overloaded, they have a childcare support network and demonstrate personal and professional satisfaction afforded by their work. Mothers outside the labor market recognize the importance of their presence for their children; however, they sometimes feel suffocated by family demands and wish for time to meet their personal and professional needs. Future studies are needed to further research the complexity of the relationship between family and work. Keywords: Motherhood; Family; Child-raising; Childcare. The inclusion of women in the labor market has had an impact in families and in their childcare practices. This master’s dissertation thus aims to research the concepts and practices of mothers with two- to five-year-old children regarding family, childcare, and child-rearing, comparing the perspectives of mothers who are in the labor market with those who are not. A qualitative method for this study was chosen. Ten middle-class mothers were interviewed; five of whom are in the labor market and five who are not. The mothers were met in a pediatric clinic in Salvador-BA. For data collection, an interview script was constructed with primarily open questions. The researcher invited mothers of children who were treated at the aforementioned clinic to participate in the project, considering the inclusion criteria. The mothers signed the Statement of Informed Consent and were interviewed in locations that were convenient for them. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the responses obtained were described and used to construct categories. This study was approved by the Climério de Oliveira Maternity Research Ethics Committee (COM/UFBA). The main results were as follows: mothers viewed family as the basis of everything and the purpose of their lives. Motherhood was considered a positive – albeit complex – duty. The concepts of child-rearing involved mainly guidance/teaching, the establishment of limits and the transmission of values. The study verified an overload of tasks conferred to the mothers, regarding domestic duties as well as those geared towards childcare and child-rearing. However, it can be stated that the mothers in the labor market have a larger support network in their childcare and child-rearing, which includes relatives and non-relatives people. These duties are shared primarily among women. Their families raise their children by establishing limits and transmitting values and guidance. There appears to be a consensus among the members of the two groups that mothers who are not in the labor market have more time to dedicate to their children. It was also evident that the quality of time available, not only the quantity, must be considered. It can be concluded that motherhood is central to the lives of the women interviewed. Although mothers in the labor market are more overloaded, they have a childcare support network and demonstrate personal and professional satisfaction afforded by their work. Mothers outside the labor market recognize the importance of their presence for their children; however, they sometimes feel suffocated by family demands and wish for time to meet their personal and professional needs. Future studies are needed to further research the complexity of the relationship between family and work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sernagiotto_er_me_botfmvz.pdf: 1359784 bytes, checksum: 84f17ebed4c4e393a3cb6edca2994970 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade da técnica dos isótopos estáveis em rastrear a farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA), na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período, após a substituição da dieta com 8% de FVA por dieta vegetal. Foram utilizadas 320 codornas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em oito tratamentos: dieta vegetal (T1) e sete tratamentos com inclusão de 8% de FVA na dieta, um mantendo a dieta até o final do período experimental (T2), e nos demais a dieta foi substituída aos 42; 56; 70; 84; 98; 112 dias; respectivamente, por dieta vegetal. Para coleta das amostras de músculo peitoral foram sacrificadas ao acaso, quatro aves (n = 4) por tratamento, a cada 14 dias, sendo que no T1 e T2 tiveram início aos 42 dias e nos demais a partir da troca das dietas. Os resultados isotópicos obtidos foram submetidos à análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA) com auxílio do procedimento GLM do programa estatístico SAS. Os tratamentos diferiram do vegetal quando as aves foram sacrificadas duas semanas após a troca da dieta; após esse período os tratamentos experimentais tiveram comportamento semelhante ao vegetal, exceto o T3, que se mostrou semelhante ao T1 no abate 14 dias após a troca da dieta; e do T2 que em todos os períodos de comparação diferiu do T1. Conclui-se que a aplicação da técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio na rastreabilidade da FVA, na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período é possível nas aves abatidas 14 dias após a troca de dieta, com exceção das aves sacrificadas aos 56 dias de idade. / The present work aimed to evaluate the capability of the stable isotope technique to trace poultry visceral meal (PVM) in the diet of meat quails raised for a long period after substitution of an 8% PVM diet for a vegetable diet. Three hundred and twenty poultries (320) were randomly distributed into eight treatments: vegetable diet (T1) and seven treatments containing 8% PVM in the diet: in one treatment, the same diet was kept until the end of the experimental period (T2), and in the remaining treatments, the diet was substituted at 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days, respectively, for a vegetable diet. To collect chest muscle samples, four poultries (n = 4) per treatment were randomly sacrificed at every 14 days, starting at 42 days in T1 and T2 and from diet substitution in the remaining treatments. The obtained isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical software. Treatments differed from the vegetable diet when poultries were sacrificed at two weeks following the diet substitution; after such period, the behavior of experimental treatments was similar to that of the vegetable diet, except for T3, which was similar to T1 at slaughtering at 14 days after the diet substitution, and T2 which, in all comparison periods, differed from T1. In conclusion, the technique of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen can be used to trace PVM in the diet of meat quails slaughtered at 14 days after diet substitution, except for poultries sacrificed at 56 days.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2577.pdf: 4845807 bytes, checksum: 6d22ec04587a53cccba83cdd78b1ce5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-24 / This article discusses the ongoing agroecological transition process of dairy cattle raising in Agrovillage V of Pirituba II settlement, for which educational and methodological references have been used, all of them compatible with a sustainable rural development. The small family farming settlement is located in the mid-south region of São Paulo state, between Itapeva and Itaberá and its main activities are dairy cattle raising and conventional grain crops (corn and beans) farming. The agroecological transition was set out in 2003, as a result of interactive actions between the settled ranchers and students of Timbó Agroecology Group. Through adaptation of zootechnical and agroecological criteria to Agrovillage V dairy cattle raising, this study aims to contribute to (i) increase in environmental quality, as well as in (ii) increase in pastures and cattle productivity and (iii) socialization of the agroecological experiences of both the settled family farmers and the local rural producers. As a hypothesis, it is expected that the agrosystems biological balance is gradually reestablished, followed by gradual reduction in production costs and increase in production rates. As preliminary results, it is possible to point out that the references in use in the agroecological transition are not only contributing to the understanding of ecological principles applied to dairy cattle raising, but also to the implementation of practices, such as: isolation of Permanent Conservation Areas (APP) bordering pastures, recovery of degraded pasture areas, adoption of phytotherapic drugs to prevent mastitis, and adoption of daily sanitary procedures. / O presente trabalho discute o processo de transição agroecológica em curso da pecuária leiteira da Agrovila V do assentamento Pirituba II, em cuja condução lançou-se mão de alguns referenciais educativos e metodológicos afins e compatíveis com o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. O assentamento está localizado no centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo entre os municípios de Itapeva e Itaberá, e entre as principais atividades produtivas das famílias aí assentadas estão o cultivo convencional de grãos (arroz, milho, soja e feijão) e a pecuária leiteira. A transição agroecológica foi iniciada no ano de 2003, como resultante de uma ação interativa entre os agricultores assentados e os estudantes do Grupo de Agroecologia Timbó. O presente estudo foi realizado a partir da utilização de referenciais zootécnicos e agroecológicos adaptados à produção leiteira da Agrovila V visando contribuir para o incremento de qualidade ambiental e produtividade das pastagens e do rebanho, além da socialização das experiências agroecológicas entre os agricultores assentados e os produtores rurais da região. Como hipótese, acredita-se que a apropriação de tais referenciais pode gradativamente diminuir os custos de produção e melhorar os índices produtivos através do restabelecimento do equilíbrio biológico dos agroecossistemas. Como resultados preliminares temos a destacar que os referenciais utilizados para a proposta de transição agroecológica não apenas contribuíram para a compreensão dos princípios da pecuária leiteira em bases ecológicas, como também foram implementadas algumas práticas, como o isolamento das áreas de preservação permanente (APP) limítrofes aos pastos, a recuperação das áreas de pastagens degradadas, a adoção de medicamentos fitoterápicos para prevenção de mastites e a higienização diária das instalações.