O adolescente, indivíduo em situação de pessoa em desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, protegido no Brasil pelo ECA (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), é objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa. Este trabalho tem base no aporte teórico de Amartya Sen com o objetivo de realizar um levantamento sobre fatores de risco e proteção vivenciados por adolescentes da cidade de Campos do Jordão, São Paulo. Os adolescentes responderam a uma versão eletrônica adaptada do questionário proposto por DellAglio, Koller, Cerqueira-Santos e Colaça denominado Questionário da Juventude Brasileira Versão II. Foram aplicados 402 questionários, representando os adolescentes das escolas municipais matriculados entre o 7 e 9 ano, com nível de confiança de 95% e com margem de erro de 4,42. Os dados foram analisados utilizando os softwares LibreOffice Calc 5.0 e PSPP 0.8.4. Os resultados demonstram baixo nível educacional das famílias, tendo apenas 20% das mães e 11% dos pais concluído o Ensino Médio. Como fator de risco, os adolescentes, em sua maior parte (57,1%), estão em constante contato com amigos próximos usuários de drogas, mesmo que a maioria lícita (32,9%). Possuem familiares usuários de drogas (55,1%), também de caráter lícito (41,4%), 21,4% dos participantes afirmaram que já experimentaram drogas, sendo a maconha a mais apontada (10%), seguida de bebida alcoólica (8,2%). Em relação à sexualidade, 17,2% dos adolescentes responderam já ter mantido relações sexuais, sendo que 2,9% afirmam ter contraído doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e 2,9% engravidaram. É alarmante o alto índice de adolescentes da amostra com ideação suicida (25,4%) e adolescentes que já tentaram suicídio (12,5%), dentre eles, a maioria do sexo feminino (86%). Outros dados relevantes referem-se às restritas oportunidades de lazer em espaços públicos e coletivos, uma vez que a amostra apontou atividades prioritariamente individuais e executadas em suas próprias residências, especialmente uso de internet (68,8%) e televisão (62,8%). O estudo também apontou índice de 14,2% de jovens que já se envolveram em brigas com agressão física, e outras situações ilegais. Foram identificados ainda aspectos que podem indicar baixo grau de coesão familiar, tais como ameaças ou humilhação (23,9%) e agressões (11,9%). Cada um dos indicadores deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado pelos que pretendem planejar o desenvolvimento do município e apoiar o desenvolvimento de cidadãos de sucesso. / The teenager, individual in a situation of bio-psycho-social development, protected in Brazil by the ECA (Estatuto da Criança e Adolecente - Statute of Child and Adolescent), is the object study of this research. This work have been based on the theoretical contribution of Amartya Sen in order to carry out a survey on risk and protective factors experienced by adolescents in the city of Campos do Jordão, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adolescents answered to an adapted electronic version of the questionnaire proposed by DellAglio, Koller, Cerqueira-Santos and Colaça called Questionário da Juventude Brasileira Versão II. This research came out with four hundred and two (402) questionnaires completed, representing adolescents from public schools enrolled between the 7th and 9th grade, with 95% confidence level and with a margin of error of 4.42. The PSPP 0.8.4 software and LibreOffice Calc 5.0 had analyzed all the data. The results show low educational level of these teenagers families, with only 20% of mothers and 11% of parents completed high school. As a risk factor, the majority of the teenagers, (57.1%), are in constant contact with close addict friends, even though most of them are licit drugs users (32.9%). The teenagers families have also addiction related issues (55.1%), but mainly with licit drugs (41.4%). Among the participants, 21.4% said have tried drugs, being marijuana the most often mentioned (10%), followed by alcohol (8.2%). With regard to sexuality, 17.2% of the adolescents stated they had sexual intercourse, and 2.9% claim having contracted sexually transmitted diseases and 2.9% became pregnant. It is alarming the high rate of adolescents in this sample with suicidal ideation (25.4%) and 12.5% have attempted suicide, however the highest rate among them is comprised mostly by female individuals (86%). Other relevant data refer to restricted leisure opportunities in public and collective spaces, since the sample pointed primarily individual activities performed in their own homes, especially Internet use (68.8%) and TV watching (62.8%). The study also pointed out an index of 14.2% of the teens had been involved in fights with physical aggression and other illegal situations. They also identified aspects that may indicate a low level of family cohesion indicated by threats or humiliation verbal abuse (23.9%) and physical abuse (11.9%). Those in charge of planning social development for the city in order to create successful citizens should carefully evaluate each of these indicators.

O programa Mulheres Mil tem como finalidade promover a inclusão social e a melhoria da qualidade de vida das mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social por meio da formação no ensino profissionalizante. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar o capital social, a inserção ao mercado de trabalho e a prática empreendedora das alunas egressas do programa Mulheres Mil, no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, campus Imperatriz. A pesquisa é descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, delineamento de levantamento dos dados e estudo de caso. A amostra constitui-se de 134 alunas egressas dos cursos de camareira e de construção civil/acabamento e pintura dos períodos de 2013 e 2014, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, os questionários de identificação da amostra; o integrado para medir capital social do Banco Mundial; e o do programa Mulheres Mil. O tratamento dos dados obtidos e analisados foi realizado pelo programa Microsoft Excel, do pacote Office (2013) e Statistical Packageof Social of Science (SPSS), utilizado na análise da correlação entre os dados com o teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado. A caracterização dos dados sociodemográficos apresenta um grupo de mulheres na idade adulta, predominantemente entre 31 e 40 anos, casadas, com emprego informal e baixa escolaridade. Os resultados referentes ao capital social apontam que a maioria participa de pelo menos um grupo, principalmente religioso; tem um círculo de amizade pequeno; vive com certa desconfiança nas pessoas; e participa de ações coletivas, porém com baixa frequência. As mulheres se sentem inseguras em relação à violência, mas mesmo com essa adversidade consideram-se felizes, com a autoconfiança elevada, principalmente após a realização do curso. As respostas do questionário referente ao programa Mulheres Mil mostram que o Programa mudou a vida delas para melhor, tanto no aspecto pessoal como profissional. Embora vivam em sua maioria em ambiente familiar conturbado elas têm apoio familiar e os cursos propiciaram o conhecimento de seus direitos, dando mais autoconfiança no trabalho e, consequentemente, melhoria nos rendimentos, apesar de a maioria ainda trabalhar em casa, ou próximo de suas casas, com vendas autônomas, afazeres domésticos e prestação de pequenos serviços. / The Mulheres Mil Program aims to promote social inclusion and to improve the quality of life of women in situations of social vulnerability, by offering training in vocational education, enabling improvements in the quality of workmanship and potentially influencing the students in improvement of life for their families and their communities. The purpose of this study is to present the social results of Mulheres Mil Program under the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Campus of Imperatriz in state of Maranhão. The overall objective of the research is to ascertain the social capital as well as the integration into the labor market and the perception of benefits by the former students of Mulheres Mil Program under the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão / Campus Imperatriz. The type of research will be descriptive with qualitative approach and are used as the design of the data collection with questionnaires. The sample consists of 134 former students. of Maid courses and Construction / Finishing and Painting period 2013 to 2014 the Thousand Women Program of the Federal Institute of Maranhão Campus Imperatriz. The instruments used for research were the questionnaires Sample Identification; Integrated Questionnaire for Measuring Social Capita World Bank and questionnaire to the graduates students of the Thousand Women Program. The processing of the data obtained and analyzed was performed using Microsoft Excel Office suite (2013) and the Statistical Package of Social of Science (SPSS) used to analyze the correlation between the data with the statistical test Chi-square, as well performing the Cronbachs alpha test for reliability analysis of the data. The characterization of demographic data showed a group of women with a predominance in adulthood, married with most informal employment and low education. The results of the questionnaire on the social capital found that the vast majority attend at least one group, mainly religious, presented small circle of friends, living with a certain distrust in people, large membership in collective action but infrequently, women feel very insecure with regard to violence and even with that adversity can feel happy, with high confidence especially after the completion of the course. The results of the questionnaire on the Women Program Thousand prevailed that the program has changed their lives for the better, both personally and professionally, although they have a troubled family environment, had family support, Program courses have left the most knowledgeable women of their rights with more confidence to work, is consequent an improvement in earnings, although most still work at home or close sales, household chores, small service.

Despite twenty-five years of membership in the European Union (EU), academic contributionsfor understanding a possible impact of the EU membership on Swedish municipalities hasshined with their absence. Thus, municipalities make up a largely un-explored character in thefield concerned with European integrational aspects. The issue of how the EU affects a memberstate has hitherto been biased to the usage of a top-down lens and has mainly focused oncomprehending larger institutional bodies. This thesis takes its point of departure from thisdelivered criticism, by contributing to the burgeoning literature on how municipalities act andinteract with higher tiers of government in a multi-level governance system. Assessing the caseof four municipalities residing in northern Sweden this thesis offers insights into howmunicipalities interact using intergovernmental relations with the Swedish national governmentand the EU through a creation and implementation of strategies for advocating territorialinterests. By conducting interviews, the thesis confirms that a wide array of intergovernmentalrelations or interactions are used in order for promoting ‘northern positions’ to both a nationaland European level. A pattern shows that advocacy actions from subnational actors are directedvertically, while at the same time coordinated horizontally. Individual actors, mainly electedlocal politicians, plays a rather central part in these actions, by using a party channel foradvocating local views. In conclusion, this thesis reveal amongst all that the EU has in factimpacted municipalities in northern Sweden by creating incentives for them to advocate theirinterests towards the central government.

This dissertation strives to analyze the role of the cultural route as an approach and evaluates its validity to foster regional cultural sustainability. The author has investigated the relationship between cultural route, cultural sustainability, and regional development through studying Swedish explorer Sven Hedin’s expedition heritage along the Silk Road. A qualitative approach was taken to study how practitioners in particular tourism subdivisions attempt to implanting Sven Hedin’s legacy into different practices in Northwest China. With the help of the Actor-Network Theory as a material-semiotic method, a significant finding is that evolutionary networks centered on Sven Hedin, as an internal drive to promote the development of cultural routes, are taking shape. Cultural route as an approach to foster regional development cannot be achieved independently by individuals and SMEs; an institutional dimension needs to be considered for integrated management. This approach offers a new participation model in regional construction to their recipients and provides a sustainable strength for inhabitants to understand their cultural identity and embrace their future.

Diploma thesis „Communication In Building A Technical Infrastructure For Regional Development“ deals with communication between municipality and citizens, local technical infrastructure conditions, regional development, and municipality cooperation. In the theoretical section, there are explained basic terms and described topics of communication, technical infrastructure, and regional development. In the empirical section, there is analyzed the quantitative citizen research in the South Moravia region and the qualitative research based on interviews with mayors. The conclusion contains the evaluation of the research results and possible recommendations.

The diploma thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical overview and explanation of basic concepts related to the issue of regional development, regional politics and development strategies. The second practical part focuses on the characteristics of the South – Moravian Region and focuses on competitiveness issues, calculates on the basic of statistical variables and is supplemented by SWOT analysis and identification of impacts that have an impact on the proposed regional development.

In my master's thesis I concentrate on issue of granting investment incentives in the Czech Republic. On the basis of the current development analysis I am tring to show the effects and importance of these incentives for regional development, investors, labour market and the Czech republic as a whole.

This essay maps and analyze the dynamic interaction between the regional and municipal levels. This is based on the case of Region Jönköpings län. The thesis is a qualitative document study that will focus on he municipalities and the region as unitary public actors and their public policy in the development area. The study material is public documents of the municipalities and the region that relates to municipl/regional development.  The essay is based on previous research dealing with New regionalism, Rescaling, Re-territorialization, the Competition state (konkurrensstaten) and New Public Governance. In addition, previous research also handles unity as a factor for regional development and local/regional conditions. Based on these, the study's theoretical approaches and frameworks have constructed and formed the basis of the interpretations for the study's issues.  The conclusions of the study are that the dynamics, attitudes and interactions between the region and its municipalities takes place in a complex system where ach actor's conditions, objectivies and ambitions determine how they view themselves, each other and the region as a whole. The conditions can include anything from the geographical situation, demographics, business composition and communications with the rest of the region. In addition, the municipalities' efforts to be competitive, attractive and distinctive can be linked to the societal developments of the past decades. It is about the impact explained by New regionalism, New Public Governance and the Competition state on the local/regional landscape within which the municipalities and the region reside, as well as creating a landscape where several actors, on several levels, share the same commitments, responsibilities and powers. Which gives us a complex game between regional unity and leadership, and a municipal effort to be singular.

With the emergence of the competitive rationality in regional politics, the content of which is characterized by new regionalism, the Swedish regions are strongly associated with the mandate to assist the government in economic growth policy. The political content is adapted to enable regions to compete in markets and drive growth processes as successfully as possible. This is what previous research has largely focused on. This means that regional perspectives rarely reflect research in relation to different growth themes, although regions are complex and ambiguous phenomena. At the same time, the stipulative governance of the regions is rarely studied in national-regional research contexts. Therefore, I have chosen to review regional attractiveness that represents the regional location in attractive growth contexts. At the same time, my ambition is to introduce attractiveness in the decision-making context, that is how attractiveness emerges from the national growth policy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the political power. As a theoretical delimitation, I use Richard Florida's theory of the creative class. The starting point is to theoretically develop a reasoning about how attractiveness within regions can be understood by the important actors whose participation is absolutely crucial for the regions' development work according to the organization of the political mandate. My analysis shows how the obvious framing of the competitive rationality in national politics formulates how the regions develop attractiveness within the regional locations. The overall goal of the analyzed regions is to be attractive in a way that attracts growth and creates the conditions for players to be able to establish themselves within the site. In the same context, regions beyond growth policy are secondary to my analysis and attractiveness seems to rather help to reinforce inequalities between regional places. In this perspective, other and conflicting regional perspectives should be highlighted and discussed.

Det finns i dag en tilltro hos regionala aktörer att en stark regional tillhörighet och image kan bidra till att sätta regionen på kartan, skapa starkare sammanhållning inom området och på så vis även stötta regionens konkurrenskraft. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur och varför man som organisation och tjänsteman väljer att arbeta med regional identitet i ett planeringssammanhang. Studien undersöker de attityder som finns inom ett regionalt utvecklingsprojekt som innehar en utarbetad målbild med ett fokus på uppbyggandet av en ny region. För att studera detta görs en fallstudie där det empiriska materialet baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer, dokumentanalys och deltagande observationer. Resultaten visar att regional identitet används som en resurs för att uppnå andra mål i regionarbetet, främst att stärka området i konkurrensen mot andra regioner. Att gå från vision till verklighet tros kunna göras genom fortsatt samverkan, bygga ihop området med effektiva transportlösningar och extern marknadsföring. Arbetet inom projektet har inneburit en aktiv urvalsprocess där den regionala bilden tillgivits symbolisk värde och ett specifikt innehåll. Fokus har dock främst legat på den interna förankringen bland det geografiska områdets tjänstemän och politiker. / There is a belief today among regional actors that a strong attachment and image can help strengthen the region and support its competitiveness. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how and why organisations and its employees choose to work with regional identity in a planning context. The study examines the attitudes that exist within a current regional development project that has produced a vision that partly focuses on building a new regional identity for a particular area. To study this a case study was conducted using qualitative interviews, document analysis and participant observations to gather data. The results show that regional identity is foremost used as a resource for achieving other objectives, in particular to strengthen the area in the competition against other regions. This study suggests that the step from vision to reality is made through continuing regional collaboration, connecting the area through effective transport solutions and external marketing.  The focus in the project has primarily been on establishing the vision among the internal planers and politicians in the geographical area.