With a relevant impact on production and organization of geographical space, tourism is the object of this study, in that it reconciles with geography to explain changes, transformations, (re) creations caused by movements of the flows (visitors and tourists) and installation of fixed equipment (lodging, bars and restaurants, entertainment and leisure) in a capable dynamic of generating sources of income and work, configuring in cost-effective alternative, but unable to resolve issues such as inequality and poverty. The line of regional analysis guides the research that adopts as the study area the Polo Costa dos Coqueirais in the state of Sergipe, uniting thirteen municipalities of the shoreline by its reputation and priorization as an area of public and private investment for exploration of touristic activity. Dimensions like public policies, the institutionalization of tourism, the composition of the Tourism Polo and its socio-environmental conditions, potential and limitations, and the centrality of the capital, Aracaju, were studied and explained in this paper. For explanation of the spatial organization of tourism, territories and functional areas of tourism were identified, as well as the compositions of tourism offer (fixed) and the profile of tourist demand (flows) were analyzed. Whereas tourism in Brazilian Northeast had great influence by Tourism Development Program (PRODETUR), specially in the decade of 1990, its antecedents have been raised and the current situation about the logic of international financing with the Interamerican Development Bank (BID) has been explained, besides the transformations it caused over the past two decades, also it is possible to compare it to the amount of public investment with other funding sources that support the tourism structure in target destinations. Tourism was presented in a central way at the Polo, generating wealth in concentrated form, but with the possibility of distributing it to other destinations of the Polo since complied with the planning, definition of strategies to diversify the tourism product, and above all, promoting a touristic regionalization that enhances the identity of the place, their knowledge and practices as a different attractive associated to a new reality of interventions in basic infrastructure and tourism, in attracting private investment, to be able to leave then, of the relationship of dependence on tourism operator that serves a massive tourism model, reproduced worldwide to focus capital and power to transform the space to be overcome by endogenous knowledge and community practices that are able to establish new tourism products and transform the space in a positive way for the subjects who inhabit it. / Com relevante impacto na produção e organização do espaço geográfico, o turismo é objeto deste estudo na medida em que se compatibiliza com a geografia para explicar mudanças, transformações, (re) criações causadas pelos movimentos dos fluxos (visitantes e turistas) e instalação de equipamentos fixos (meios de hospedagem, bares e restaurante, entretenimento e lazer) numa dinâmica capaz de gerar fontes de renda e trabalho, configurando-se em alternativa econômica, mas incapaz de resolver questões como desigualdade e pobreza. A linha de análise regional norteia a pesquisa que adota como área de estudo o Polo Costa dos Coqueirais no Estado de Sergipe, reunindo treze municípios da linha litorânea pela sua notoriedade e priorização como área de investimentos públicos e privados para exploração da atividade turística. Foram estudadas e explicadas dimensões como as políticas públicas, a institucionalização do turismo, a constituição do Polo de Turismo e suas condições sócio-ambientais, potencialidades e limitações e, a centralidade da Capital, Aracaju. Para explicação da organização espacial do turismo foram identificados territórios e áreas funcionais do turismo, bem como analisadas as composições da oferta turística (fixos) e o perfil da demanda turística (fluxos). Considerando que o turismo no nordeste brasileiro teve grande influência do Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo (PRODETUR), notadamente na década de 1990, foram levantados seus antecedentes e explicado o momento atual sobre a lógica do financiamento internacional com o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) e das transformações por ele causadas ao longo das duas últimas décadas, também sendo possível compará-lo ao montante do investimento público com outras fontes de recursos que dão apoio à estruturação do turismo nos destinos receptores. O turismo apresentou-se de modo centralizado no Polo, gerando riqueza de forma concentrada, mas com possibilidade de distribuí-la para outros destinos do Polo, desde que observados o planejamento, a definição de estratégias de diversificação do produto turístico e, sobretudo, promovendo uma regionalização turística que valorize a identidade do lugar, seus saberes e práticas como atrativo diferenciado associado a uma nova realidade de intervenções na infraestrutura básica e turística, na atração de investimento privado, para então, sair da relação de dependência do operador de turismo que atende a um modelo de turismo de massa, reproduzido mundialmente para concentrar o capital e o poder de transformação do espaço, para ser superado pelo saber endógeno e práticas comunitárias que são capazes de constituir produtos turísticos novos e transformar o espaço de forma positiva para os sujeitos que nele habitam.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T14:53:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 catiacristinamodesto.pdf: 1240291 bytes, checksum: d0ddf31e8bcd023f346370540b62a9d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:16:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 catiacristinamodesto.pdf: 1240291 bytes, checksum: d0ddf31e8bcd023f346370540b62a9d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T15:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 catiacristinamodesto.pdf: 1240291 bytes, checksum: d0ddf31e8bcd023f346370540b62a9d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo debater a apreensão territorial realizada pelo Estado na Política Nacional de Saúde. A defesa realizada neste trabalho é que o território físico e o espaço abstrato foram incorporados a Política Nacional de Saúde, e tem garantido a sobrevivência e dominação capitalista. O espaço social é entendido com base nos ensinamentos de Lefebvre, que ao assumir uma perspectiva crítica, defende o mesmo como elemento que constitui e é constituído pelas relações sociais de produção/dominação. Em contrapartida tem se o espaço abstrato, defendido e incorporado pelo capitalismo na Política Nacional de Saúde, sendo marcado pela tríade: fragmentação, homogeneização e hierarquização. O território é abordado a partir de autores críticos, que o entendem como vivido, que determina e é determinado pela ação humana. E como território físico/natural composto por um conjunto de elementos geofísicos. Esta abordagem do territorial de forma acrítica tem sido incorporada na Política Nacional de Saúde, por meio das diretrizes de descentralização e regionalização. O trabalho está divido em três capítulos que debatem: o espaço abstrato e o território físico produzido pelo modo de produção capitalista; a incorporação das diretrizes de descentralização e regionalização ao longo da história dos serviços de saúde; e o recorte territorial e seus rebatimentos na Política Nacional de Saúde, a partir da análise das legislações dos três entes federativos. / The objective of this paper is to discuss the territorial apprehension carried out by the State in the National Health Policy. The defense carried out in this work is that the physical territory and the abstract space have been incorporated into the National Health Policy and have guaranteed survival and domination capitalist. Social space is understood on the basis of the teachings of Lefebvre, who, taking a critical perspective, defend the same as an element that constitutes and is constituted by the social relations of production / domination. In contrast, the abstract space, defended and incorporated by capitalism in the National Health Policy, is marked by the triad: fragmentation, homogenization and hierarchy. The territory is approached from critical authors, who understand it as lived, that determines and is determined by human action. And as physical / natural territory composed of a set of geophysical elements. This uncritical territorial approach has been incorporated into the National Health Policy, through decentralization and regionalization guidelines. The work is divided into three chapters that debate: the abstract space and the physical territory produced by the capitalist mode of production; The incorporation of decentralization and regionalization guidelines throughout the history of health services; And the territorial cut and its refutations in the National Health Policy, based on the analysis of the legislations of the three federative entities.

Orientador: Dirceu Brasil Vieira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_LucianaCarlaFerreirade_M.pdf: 2808210 bytes, checksum: 78bd89627f289d243460cbbca7328459 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A demanda crescente dos recursos hídricos, requer o desenvolvimento de mecanismos eficazes para o gerenciamento desses recursos. A implantação de diretrizes de gestão de recursos hídricos necessita de instrumentos práticos e eficazes, para auxiliar a tomada de decisões. Neste trabalho, se propõe como instrumento de auxílio em gestão de recursos hídricos, o estudo através de escalas de bacias hidrográficas, possibilitando a integração dos fatores que condicionam a qualidade e a quantidade dos recursos hídricos, com seus respectivos condicionamentos físicos e antrópicos. Dessa forma, o principal objetivo desse trabalho, é a regionalização hidrológica obtida através do processo da transferência de informações de estações fluviométricas, para locais intermediários desprovidos de informação. O processo requer informações fluviométricas de estações situadas à montante e à jusante, do local objeto de estudo. Paralelamente à transferência das informações obtidas das estações fluviométricas localizadas à montante e à jusante do local de estudo, foram feitas em campo, medidas de vazões pelo método do molinete e realizadas análises qualitativas da água do local de medição, com o objetivo de levantar dados que permitissem a comparação dos resultados. Comparados os resultados, verificou-se que embora obtidos por diferentes processos, eles apresentavam uma boa proximidade. Essa proximidade de resultados comprova a adequabilidade da proposta de estudo das bacias hidrográficas, com base na transferência de informações, para fins de diagnóstico da área da bacia / Abstract: The increasing demand of the hydric resources requires the development of efficient mechanisms to the management of those resources. The implantation of hydric resources management guidelines needs practical and efficient instruments to help when taking decisions. In this research it is proposed, as an auxiliary instrument in the hydric resources management, the study through the scales of the hydrographic basins which makes possible the integration of the factors that condition the quality and quantity of the hydric resources with their respective physical and antropic conditioning . Thus , the main objective of this research is the hydrologic regionalization, obtained by the transference information process from streamflow stations to intermediate sites with no information. The process requires information streamflow of stations set at the downstream and at the upstream of the place object of the study . Besides the transference of information obtained from the stream flow stations set at the downstream and at the upstream of the researched place, it was also done, in field, the measurement of the flows by the windlass method and a qualitative analysis of the water from the place where the measurement took place, with the objective of gathering data that allowed the comparison of the results. When comparing the results it was possible to find out that, although, the results have been obtained by different processes, they were very close. The similar results prove the suitableness of the hydrographic basin's study proposal based on the information transference , focusing the diagnosis of the basin's area / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Despite being an indicator of modernization and macro-economic growth, urbanization in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is tightly interwoven with poverty and deprivation. This has manifested physically as slums, which represent the worst residential urban areas, marked by lack of access to good quality housing and basic services. To effectively combat the slum phenomenon, local slum conditions must be captured in quantitative and spatial terms. However, there are significant hurdles to this. Slum detection and mapping requires readily available and reliable data, as well as a proper conceptualization of measurement and scale. Using Bamenda, Cameroon, as a test case, this dissertation research was designed as a three-pronged attack on the slum mapping problematic. The overall goal was to investigate locally optimized slum mapping strategies and methods that utilize high resolution satellite image data, household survey data, simple machine learning and regionalization theory. The first major objective of the study was to tackle a "measurement" problem. The aim was to explore a multi-index approach to measure and map local slum conditions. The rationale behind this was that prior sub-Saharan slum research too often used simplified measurement techniques such as a single unweighted composite index to represent diverse local slum conditions. In this study six household indicators relevant to the United Nations criteria for defining slums were extracted from a 2013 Bamenda household survey data set and aggregated for 63 local statistical areas. The extracted variables were the percent of households having the following attributes: more than two residents per room, non-owner, occupying a single room or studio, having no flush toilet, having no piped water, having no drainage. Hierarchical variable clustering was used as a surrogate for exploratory factor analysis to determine fewer latent slum factors from these six variables. Variable groups were classified such that the most correlated variables fell in the same group while non-correlated variables fell in separate groups. Each group membership was then examined to see if the group suggested a conceptually meaningful slum factor which could quantified as a stand-alone "high" and "low" binary slum index. Results showed that the slum indicators in the study area could be replaced by at least two meaningful and statistically uncorrelated latent factors. One factor reflected the home occupancy conditions (tenancy status, overcrowded and living space conditions) and was quantified using K-means clustering of units as an ‘occupancy disadvantage index’ (Occ_D). The other reflected the state of utilities access (piped water and flush toilet) and was quantified as utilities disadvantage index (UT_D). Location attributes were used to examine/validate both indices. Independent t-tests showed that units with high Occ_D were on average closer to nearest town markets and major roads when compared with units of low Occ_D. This was consistent with theory as it is expected that typical slum residents (in this case overcrowded and non-owner households) will favor accessibility to areas of high economic activity. However, this situation was not the same with UT_D as shown by lack of such as a strong pattern. The second major objective was to tackle a "learning" problem. The purpose was to explore the potential of unsupervised machine learning to detect or "learn" slum conditions from image data. The rationale was that such an approach would be efficient, less reliant on prior knowledge and expertise. A 2012 GeoEye image scene of the study area was subjected to image classification from which the following physical settlement attributes were quantified for each of the 63 statistical areas: per cent roof area, percent open space area, per cent bare soil, per cent paved road surface, per cent dirt road surface, building shadow-roof area ratio. The shadow-roof ratio was an innovative measure used to capture the size and density attributes of buildings. In addition to the 6 image derived variables, the mean slope of each area was calculated from a digital elevation dataset. All 7 attributes were subject to principal component analysis from which the first 2 components were extracted and used for hierarchical clustering of statistical areas to derive physical types. Results show that area units could be optimally classified into 4 physical types labelled generically as Categories 1 – 4, each with at least one defining physical characteristic. Kruskal Wallis tests comparing physical types in terms of household and locations attributes showed that at least two physical types were different in terms of aggregated household slum conditions and location attributes. Category 4 areas, located on steep slopes and having high shadow-to-roof ratio, had the highest distribution of non-owner households. They were also located close to nearest town markets. They were thus the most likely candidates of slums in the city. Category 1 units on other hand located at the outskirts and having abundant open space were least likely to have slum conditions. The third major objective was to tackle the problem of "spatial scale". Neighborhoods, by their very nature of contiguity and homogeneity, represent an ideal scale for urban spatial analysis and mapping. Unfortunately, in most areas, neighborhoods are not objectively defined and slum mapping often relies in the use of arbitrary spatial units which do not capture the true extent of the phenomenon. The objective was thus to explore the use of analytic regionalization to quantitatively derive the neighborhood unit for mapping slums. Analytic neighborhoods were created by spatially constrained clustering of statistical areas using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. Unlike previous studies that relied on socio-economic and/or demographic information, this study innovatively used multiple land cover and terrain attributes as neighborhood homogenizing factors. Five analytic neighborhoods (labeled Regions 1-5) were created this way and compared using Kruskal Wallis tests for differences in household slum attributes. This was to determine largest possible contiguous areas that could be labeled as slum or non-slum neighborhoods. The results revealed that at least two analytic regions were significantly different in terms of aggregated household indicators. Region 1 stood apart as having significantly higher distributions of overcrowded and non-owner households. It could thus be viewed as the largest potential slum neighborhood in the city. In contrast, regions 3 (located at higher elevation and separated from rest of city by a steep escarpment) was generally associated with low distribution of household slum attributes and could be considered the strongest model of a non-slum or formal neighborhood. Both Regions 1 and 3 were also qualitatively correlated with two locally recognized (vernacular) neighborhoods. These neighborhoods, "Sisia" (for Region 1) and "Up Station" (for Region 3), are commonly perceived by local folk as occupying opposite ends of the socio-economic spectrum. The results obtained by successfully carrying the three major objectives have major implication for future research and policy. In the case of multi-index analysis of slum conditions, it affirms the notion the that slum phenomenon is diverse in the local context and that remediation efforts must be compartmentalized to be effective. The results of image based unsupervised mapping of slums from imagery show that it is a tool with high potential for rapid slum assessment even when there is no supporting field data. Finally, the results of analytic regionalization showed that the true extent of contiguous slum neighborhoods can be delineated objectively using land cover and terrain attributes. It thus presents an opportunity for local planning and policy actors to consider redesigning the city neighborhood districts as analytic units. Quantitively derived neighborhoods are likely to be more useful in the long term, be it for spatial sampling, mapping or planning purposes.

Orientador: Nora Rut Krawczyk / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T13:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eiras_AliciadeLima_M.pdf: 619277 bytes, checksum: 92643069f9e48ba98ae70fc820353aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os processos de globalização e regionalização que caracterizam as atuais relações econômicas, políticas e sociais entre os diferentes países conduziram ao processo de regionalização dos sistemas universitários e consequente intensificação das políticas de intercâmbio científico-tecnológico. Estudos sobre a mobilidade de alunos da graduação, uma das modalidades do processo de regionalização universitária, são ainda incipientes; neste sentido, as análises das experiências de intercâmbio estudantil entre alunos da graduação e sua importância para as políticas de regionalização universitária são possíveis caminhos para a compreensão de tais políticas por parte de seus formuladores, autoridades universitárias e pesquisadores atuantes neste campo. Para o desenvolvimento de tais análises, foram realizadas entrevistas no Brasil (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp) e na Argentina (Universidade de Buenos Aires, UBA) com alunos, professores, funcionários e responsáveis pelos Programas de Intercâmbio destinados aos alunos da graduação. Além disso, foram incorporadas às análises algumas informações disponibilizadas pelos sites das universidades da amostra e dos Programas de Intercâmbio em apreço. As análises qualitativas nos permitem concluir que a mobilidade de discentes tem se mostrado capaz de proporcionar ricas experiências acadêmicas e culturais aos alunos intercambistas. As críticas desenvolvidas pelos entrevistados nos indicam que as lacunas no desenvolvimento dos Programas de Intercâmbio destinados aos alunos da graduação estão sendo incorporadas ao debate institucional e, portanto, sujeitas à devida avaliação e aperfeiçoamento. Da mesma forma, as respectivas sugestões apontadas ao longo do trabalho (que de uma maneira geral, objetivam incrementar as atividades acadêmicas e de integração aos alunos intercambistas, bem como desenvolver uma sistemática de avaliação e acompanhamento dos mesmos) poderiam ser encaradas como subsídios às autoridades competentes. Espera-se que a presente pesquisa contribua na discussão sobre os avanços, dilemas e desafios evidentes nas experiências de intercâmbio institucional, sob a perspectiva das políticas de integração e sua efetivação nas instituições de educação superior da América Latina. / Abstract: The processes of globalization and regionalization that characterize the current economic, social and politics relations between the different countries had lead to the process of regionalization of the university systems and consequent intensification of scientific exchange politics. Researches about graduation students exchanges, one university regionalization process modality, are still incipient; in this context, the analyses of students exchange experiences and its importance on the university regionalization politics are relevant informations for its formulators, university authorities and researchers of this area. For development of such analyses, interviews were made in Brazil (State University of Campinas, Unicamp) and Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, UBA) with students, professors, employees and responsible for Exchange Programs. Moreover, some information of universities and Exchanges Programs websites had been incorporated in the analyses. The qualitative analyses allow us to conclude that the exchange experiences have shown capable to provide rich academic and cultural experiences to the exchange students. The criticisms made by all interviewed ones indicate that the problems of Exchange Programs are being institutionallyv incorporated and, therefore, evaluated. In the same way, the respective suggestions pointed throughout the research (which aim the development of academic and integration activities, as well as the evaluation and control practices for exchange students) could be considered by the competent authorities. It is expected that the present research contributes to the problems and challenges discussion about the institutional exchange experiences, under the integration politics perspective and its effects on Latin America higher education institutions. / Mestrado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Mestre em Educação

Dans le long processus de construction du système des partis brésilien, l'incertitude persiste sur la possibilité de faire avancer le processus de nationalisation des partis. Les partis politiques brésiliens avec leurs bases organisationnelles et leurs votes électoraux sont-ils nationalisés ou régionalisés par territoire national? La thèse proposée est qu'il ya une nationalisation progressive des partis brésiliens, depuis la première expérience démocratique (1945-1964), à travers le système des deux partis de la dictature civilo-militaire (1964-1986) à la démocratie (1986-2014), ce qui réduit les effets de régionalisation caractéristique des premières phases des partis du pays. Par conséquent, l'analyse se concentrera sur un indicateur important pour mesurer le degré de nationalisation du parti, à savoir: Parti Nationalisation Score (PNS). Les données empiriques qui seront utilisées pour analyser la nationalisation du parti brésilien proviennent des statistiques électorales des partis politiques pour occuper un siège à la Chambre des représentants et dans les assemblées publiques disponibles dans la base de données de la Cour Supérieure (TSE) ou de la recherche documentaire bibliographique. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent que les partis brésiliens contemporains se situent à un haut niveau de nationalisation, se distanciant du régionalisation. / No longo processo de construção do sistema partidário brasileiro, uma incerteza ainda paira sobre a possibilidade de avanço do processo de nacionalização partidária. Por acaso estariam os partidos políticos brasileiros com suas bases organizativas e votações eleitorais nacionalizadas ou regionalizadas pelo território nacional? A tese proposta é de que há uma gradativa nacionalização dos partidos brasileiros, desde a primeira experiência democrática (1945-1964), passando pelo bipartidarismo da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1986) até a redemocratização (1986-2014), diminuindo os efeitos característicos de regionalização das primeiras fases de partidos do país. Para tanto, a análise se concentrará em um importante indicador para mensurar o grau de nacionalização partidária, qual seja: o Party Nationalization Score (PNS). Os dados empíricos que serão usados para analisar a nacionalização partidária brasileira provêm das estatísticas eleitorais dos partidos políticos para ocupação de uma cadeira na Câmara dos Deputados e nas Assembleias Estaduais disponíveis no banco de dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) ou de pesquisa bibliográfica documental. Os resultados desta tese mostram que os partidos brasileiros contemporâneos estão em um patamar elevado de nacionalização distanciando-se da regionalização. / In the long process of building the Brazilian party system, uncertainty still lingers over the possibility of advancing the process of party nationalization. Are the Brazilian political parties with their organizational bases and electoral votes nationalized or regionalized by national territory? The thesis proposed is that there is a gradual nationalization of Brazilian parties, from the first democratic experience (1945-1964), through the bipartisanship of the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1986) to the re-democratization (1986-2014), reducing the effects of the characteristic regionalization of the first phases of the country's parties. To do so, the analysis will focus on an important indicator to measure the degree of party nationalization, namely: Party Nationalization Score (PNS). The empirical data that will be used to analyze the Brazilian party nationalization comes from the electoral statistics of the political parties to occupy a seat in the Chamber of Deputies and in the State Assemblies available in the database of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) or from bibliographic documentary research. The results of this thesis show that contemporary Brazilian parties are on a high level of nationalization, distancing themselves from regionalization.

Pour fournir des simulations fiables, les modèles hydrologiques nécessitent usuellement le calage de leurs paramètres sur des données de débit. Toutefois, ces dernières sont limitées et la plupart des bassins versants sont non jaugés. Des méthodes alternatives regroupées sous le terme de 'régionalisation' sont alors nécessaires pour estimer les paramètres des modèles. La thèse propose de combiner les trois méthodes les plus classiques afin de régionaliser les paramètres d'un modèle distribué sur deux grands bassins versants français : la Loire à Gien et la Durance à Cadarache. À partir des trois méthodes de régionalisation, le degré de spatialisation est adapté aux différents paramètres du modèle d'après leurs caractéristiques et leur rôle hydrologique. In fine, l'approche multi-méthode et multi-motif proposée (i) réduit considérablement le nombre de degrés de liberté du modèle, (ii) améliore la représentation de la variabilité physique du bassin et (iii) améliore très nettement les performances des simulations. En contexte non jaugé, la spatialisation des paramètres permet un gain d'environ 10 %, l'approche multi-méthode et multi-motif apportant en particulier un gain d'environ 7 % par rapport à une méthode de régionalisation unique. Malgré ces gains, l'impact de la spatialisation des forçages météorologiques demeure 6 fois plus important que spatialisation des paramètres. / To provide reliable simulations, hydrological models usually require the calibration of their parameters over streamflow data. However, the latter are limited and most of the catchments remained ungauged. Consequently, alternative methods termed ‘regionalization’ are needed to estimate model parameters. The thesis proposes to combine the three classical methods in order to regionalize the parameters of a distributed model over two large French catchments: the Loire catchment at Gien and the Durance catchment at Cadarache. On the basis of the three regionalization methods, the degree of spatialization is adapted to the different model parameters according to their characteristics and their hydrological role. In fine, the proposed multi-method and multi-pattern approach (i) significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom, (ii) improves the representation of the catchment physical variability, and (iii) significantly improves the performance of the simulations. In the ungauged context, the parameter spatialization allows an improvement of about 10%, and in particular, the multi-method and multi-pattern povides an improvement of about 7% compared to a single regionalization method. Despite these improvements, the impact of the climatic input spatialization remains 6 times greater than th parameter spatialization.

The thesis is rooted in the new regional geography paradigm that gained strength in geographical thought since the 1980s. This approach is characterized by emphasizing the socially constructed nature of regions; thus, regions are scrutinized as a historically contingent process. A region is formed, reproduced and eventually disappears in time. The thesis works with the assumption that a plurality of regions, that exists in changing time- space contexts of different mechanisms and meanings, can be experienced de facto in any particular area. In simpler terms, it can be understood as a plurality of regional images produced on the one side by regional actors to fulfil their particular goals and on the other regional images produced by inhabitants in and outside the region in order to understand the outside world and position themselves within it. Motivation for the production of images can vary, from a simple manifestation of one position in the regional system, through the attempt to attract attention towards the region to exploitation of the regional potential in order to fulfil particular power-oriented aims. The general idea of a region can be sought throughout the synthesis of the many regional images that can be understood as somewhat layers of a region. The thesis contributes to the discussion...

Thesis advisor: Rebecca Schendel / Thesis advisor: Geraldo R. Blanco / Internationalization, understood as the strategic integration of intercultural and international aspects into the function and process of higher education, has been of interest to nations and higher learning institutions worldwide for the past two decades. One area of particular focus within such efforts is regionalization, as exemplified by the European Bologna Process. However, regionalization is not simply a part of internationalization. There are significant differences between regionalization and internationalization in terms of objective, approach, and implications. These differences are arguably particularly salient in post-colonial contexts, yet few studies have examined the two phenomena within any African system of higher education. To address this gap, this thesis examined the factors affecting the internationalization and regionalization initiatives adopted by universities in Rwanda, paying particular attention to how the two phenomena intersect and how stakeholders perceive the potential benefits. The findings reveal that institutional representatives strongly recognize the benefits of both approaches but also experience tensions between the two. The study also highlights a number of challenges affecting the ability of Rwanda universities to adequately take advantage of the potential benefits of regionalization. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

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