The present study aims to identify what viewer perceptions individuals have regarding fathers in television dramas. Framed through uses and gratifications theory and executed through the grounded theory method, 12 participants were interviewed. After analysis, findings revealed that although participants say that general perceptions of fathers on TV are negative, they have seen personally the diversity and variety of father portrayals in their favorite television dramas. Additionally, the realism of the TV dramas and characters influence the relatability to both the father figures and other characters in the show. This relatability, in turn, influences the likeability and loyalty to the TV drama. Such findings imply that negative portrayals are more often and more strongly remembered among television viewers. Likewise, because of the popularity in relatable characters, television networks and producers could have the chance to increase their viewership by including a variety of identifiable characters, especially fathers, within their TV dramas. Four major perceptions emerged from the data and inform the significance of this study. These four perceptions were that fathers in TV dramas were perceived more positively than TV sitcom fathers, fathers in TV dramas are perceived as the "flawed hero," fathers in TV dramas are perceived as a prompt for discussion, and lastly, fathers from TV dramas are perceived as someone who is worthy of emulation.

The visual appearance of video game characters carries great importance in regards to how a player perceives them. This also holds true for characters that are meant to represent the player in games, their avatars. In this thesis, the topic of preferences regarding visual appearance in relation to age of player avatars is explored. Interviews were held with participants from two age demographics in order to find potential differences and analyse them. The two age demographics consisted of middle aged swedes and young adult swedes. In the interviews, the respondents were given choices between eight different characters sketches. These eight sketches consisted of two groups, one meant to appear as being in the same age group as the young adult swedes and one meant to appear as being part of the middle aged swedes age group. After having made their choices, the respondents were asked to explain the motivation behind them. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the thought process that fueled their answers, the respondents were also prompted to answer question regarding their gaming habits, and their preferences in characters in other mediums than games. Results from the interviews indicated that there were trends in the choices made by the participants that differed between the two demographics. A majority of the demographic consisting of young adult swedes chose characters that were designed to appear closer to their age. Similarly, a majority of the middle aged demographic chose characters that were designed to appear closer to their age group. In short, a majority of the participants from both demographics showed a preference towards characters that were closer to their own age group.

This thesis´ aim is to discuss how different levels of details can contribute to creating perceived levels of representation and relatability. This was firstly done through a pilot study, which was made to gather more intel about female opinions on set player characters in games. Then through the creation of six stylized 3D busts, and finally through a main study, serving to find trends in female informants’ opinions about the levels of details, representation and relatability in said busts. Earlier research is presented and discussed, and notable connections between the earlier research and this thesis´s findings are presented. / Denna uppsats syftar till att presentera nya data och intressanta trender inom den aktuella debatten kring kvinnlig media-representation i spel. Detta genomfördes genom skapandet av en pilotstudie, gjord för att samla mer information om kvinnors åsikter om förbestämda spelkaraktärer, sedan genom skapandet av stiliserade 3D-byster, och slutligen genom utförandet av en huvudstudie, som tjänade till att hitta trender i kvinnliga informanters åsikter kring nivåerna av detaljer, representation och relatabilitet dem tidigare nämnda bysterna. Tidigare forskning redovisas och diskuteras, och anmärkningsvärda samband mellan den tidigare forskningen och uppsatsens resultat presenteras.

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[pt] O Brasil é o quarto país no ranking mundial de acidentes com vítimas fatais e o décimo quinto em relação aos demais acidentes de trabalho, segundo a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). Se as empresas são obrigadas a arcar com alíquotas maiores por lei pelos acidentes, o trabalhador, além de poder arcar com a vida, arca também com a culpa. É comum a liderança relacionar a ocorrência de um acidente a um comportamento inseguro do trabalhador. Essa visão é até certo ponto alimentada por uma literatura que enfatiza a responsabilidade do empregado justificando os acidentes através de categorias, como erro humano, ato inseguro, dentre outras. Este trabalho busca contribuir para os estudos das causas de acidentes de trabalho, examinando como a questão da responsabilidade é descrita por aqueles que gerenciam a segurança do trabalho. A partir de uma perspectiva etnometodológica, pretende-se identificar que concepções de senso comum sustentam as explicações que eles apresentam. O corpus é constituído de entrevistas realizadas com profissionais cuja posição hierárquica é mais próxima do topo da pirâmide e lidam com trabalhadores que executam atividades com risco iminente. Os resultados apontam, por um lado, a persistência da noção de ato inseguro, responsabilizando o trabalhador, com base em explicações que reforçam questões como agência, conhecimento e até intenção em provocar o acidente. Por outro lado, os resultados mostram também explicações que apontam para a responsabilização da empresa, o que nem sempre é assumido em casos de acidentes. Quanto àqueles envolvidos com o gerenciamento da segurança do trabalho, explicações de base cultural servem para desresponsabilizá-los, uma vez que a cultura da empresa e do trabalhador impossibilita qualquer ação eficaz. Dados esses resultados, verifica-se que, na prática, a tendência é buscar culpados e não apurar a responsabilidade de todos na ocorrência de acidentes. / [en] Brazil is the fourth country in the world ranking of accidents with fatal victims and the fifteenth in relation to other accidents at work, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). If companies are forced to pay higher rates by law for accidents, the worker, in addition to being able to afford life, is also to blame. It is common for leadership to relate the occurrence of an accident to unsafe worker behavior. This view is to some extent fueled by a literature that emphasizes employee responsibility by justifying accidents through categories such as human error, unsafe act, among others. This research seeks to contribute to the study of the causes of occupational accidents, examining how the issue of responsibility is described by those who manage work safety. From an ethnomethodological perspective, we intend to identify which common-sense conceptions support the explanations they present. The corpus consists of interviews with professionals whose hierarchical position is closest to the top of the pyramid and deal with workers who carry out activities with imminent risk. The results indicate, on the one hand, the persistence of the concept of an unsafe act, making the worker responsible, based on explanations that reinforce issues such as agency, knowledge and even intention to cause the accident. On the other hand, the results also show explanations that point to the responsibility of the company, which is not always assumed in cases of accidents. As for those involved in the management of work safety, culturally based explanations serve to reassure them, since the culture of the company and the worker precludes any effective action. Given these results, it turns out that, in practice, the tendency is to seek guilty and not to ascertain the responsibility of all in the occurrence of accidents.

Background: The goal for brand building is to build for the long-term profitability and strengthening of brand equity. A way to build brand equity is to implement social media marketing, where so-called influencer marketing can be used. Influencer marketing is adopted as consumers have found ways to avoid advertisements and choose who they would like to follow on social media. For this study, perceived quality and brand loyalty were found to be relevant brand equity dimensions, when studying influencers’ characteristic. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain the relationship of influencers’ characteristics with perceived quality and brand loyalty. Methodology: This study applied an explanatory purpose with a deductive, quantitative research approach, and cross-sectional research design to test a developed conceptual model based on six hypotheses. The data collection was done through a self-administered questionnaire distributed online, which received 175 valid responses. Findings: The suggested model was found significant, where influencer’s Authenticity explained 16.5% of Perceived Quality and Trustworthiness 13% of Brand Loyalty. However, Trustworthiness and Relatability relationship with Perceived Quality, and Relatability and Authenticity relationship with Brand Loyalty were rejected. Conclusion: The thesis provides a model with the accepted hypotheses and an insight on influencers’ characteristics’ relationship with perceived quality and brand loyalty. Finally, there are implications for the research community and managers about how to utilize the findings and the contribution of these.

Den offentliga sektorn har länge kännetecknats av styrning och kontroll, där de använt den affärsliknande styrmodellen New Public Management med syftet att öka effektiviteten. Modellen var kritiserad, som en variant tillsatte därför regeringen 2016 en Tillitsdelegation med syftet att implementera en mer tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Avsikten var att främja verksamhetsutveckling inom offentligt styrda verksamheter. Faktorerna tillit och autonomi har visat sig skapa betydelse vid arbetssättet TBSL i organisationer. Närvaro av tillit ökar sannolikheten att medarbetare accepterar autonomi i högre grad på arbetsplatsen. Det som kan bidra till en relation bestående av tillit är en ökad grad av autonomi. Då fler arbetsplatser inom offentlig sektor planerar att implementera arbetssättet, och forskningen om dess effekter är bristfällig. Ämnar denna studie öka förståelsen inom ämnet genom att bidra med kunskap för vilka förutsättningarna för att tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning ska ha inflytande, samt vilka positiva och negativa effekter arbetssättet kan leda till. En kombinerad kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod har genomförts inom en svensk kommun. Studiens resultat överensstämmer delvis med teorin. Förutsättningar för att tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning ska fungera involverar hela processen, uppföljning samt återkoppling, vilket överensstämmer med teorin. Fem av tio undersökta faktorer var statistiskt signifikanta med tillit och autonomi. Därmed fann studien att den tillitsskapande processen och autonomi bidrar till ett organisatoriskt engagemang, återkoppling, relaterbarhet, arbetstillfredsställelse samt bekräftelse på arbetsplatsen. Arbetsglädje om utmaningar ges samt ett högre engagemang är effekter som tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning bidrar till. Studien visar även att arbetssättet främjar återkoppling och bekräftelsebehovet på arbetsplatsen. Medan autonomi är positivt korrelerad med både arbetstillfredsställelse och relaterbarhet. Detta indikerar att den höga möjligheten till anpassning som arbetssättet medför påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen positivt, samt att upplevd relaterbarhet har en positiv koppling till autonomi. De utmaningar som studien fann att tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning huvudsakligen medför var processen, arbetssätt samt arbetsförhållanden. / The public sector has long been characterized by governance and control, where the New Public Management governance model has been used with the aim of increasing efficiency. This model was criticized, as a variant the Swedish government therefore appointed Tillitsdelegationen in 2016, with the aim of implementing a more trust-based management. The intention was to promote business development within publicly managed businesses. Factors such as trust and autonomy have been shown to create statistical significance in the way trust-based management works in organizations. The presence of trust increases the likelihood that employees will accept autonomy to a greater degree in the place of work. What can contribute to a relationship consisting of trust is an increased degree of autonomy. As more workplaces within the public sector plan to implement the way of working, and the research on its effects is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to increase understanding within the subject by contributing knowledge of the conditions for trust-based management to have influence, as well as the positive and negative effects the working method can lead to. A combined qualitative and quantitative method has been implemented within a public municipality in Sweden. The study's results partially agree with the theory. Prerequisites for trust-based management to work involve the entire process, follow-up, and feedback, which is consistent with the theory. Five out of ten investigated factors were statistically significant with trust and autonomy. Thus, the study found that the trust-building process and autonomy contribute to organizational commitment, feedback, relatability, job satisfaction and confirmation in the workplace. Job satisfaction if challenges is given to a sufficient extent, and a higher degree of commitment are effects that trust-based management contribute to. The study also shows that the working method promotes feedback and the need for confirmation in the workplace. While autonomy is positively correlated with both job satisfaction and relatability. This indicates that the high possibility of adaptation that the working method brings has a positive effect on job satisfaction, and that perceived relatability has a positive connection to autonomy. The challenges that the study found that trust-based management mainly contribute to the process, working methods and working conditions.