This study was concerned with the effectiveness of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy (NRMT) carried out within a Developmental, Individual-Difference, Relationship-based (DIR®)/Floortime Framework in addressing the individual needs of children with autism. In NRMT, the child is an active participant in the music making process, playing various instruments that require no formal training. The therapist's task is to improvise music built around the child's musical responses, reactions, responses, and/or movements to engage him or her in a musical experience that will facilitate musical relatedness, communication, socialization, and awareness. The DIR® model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing, understanding, and treating the child. It centers on helping the child master the building blocks of relating, communicating, and thinking through the formulation of relationships via interactive play, using Floortime (a systematic way of working with the children to help them reach their developmental potential). This study sought to determine the effectiveness of NRMT in meeting musical goals specifically established for each individual child, and to conclude if progress in musical goals paralleled progress in non-musical (DIR®) goals. / Music Therapy

This mini thesis is aimed at establishing the relationship between developmental leadership and affective commitment as it presents itself across four levels of leadership within FNB Branch Banking. The four leadership levels targeted for research are Area Managers, Branch Managers, Administration Managers and Co-ordinators. The researcher used an Ex post facto research design in a natural field setting, formulating the research hypothesis that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between developmental leadership behaviours and affective commitment as reported by those whom directly reported to the four levels of leadership. Using 919 responses, the results of the statistical analysis showed all four leadership levels having a strong positive correlation between developmental leadership behaviours and the affective commitment of direct reports at a 99% confidence level. Finally the research also found that age has a statistically significant relationship with affective commitment and this should be examined in further research. / Human Resource Development / M. Tech. (Human Resources Development)

There is renewed interest in the role that direct work and relationship-based practice does, should, or could play, in social work practice with children and young people. This study used a qualitative approach to explore day-to-day direct work with children and young people who are ‘looked after’ at home, from the perspectives of children, social workers and those supervising practice. The thesis explores the meanings ascribed to direct work, and identifies factors which enable direct work, and those which act as barriers. The research was undertaken in Scotland, and although the legislation, policy, and guidance underpinning practice differ from other jurisdictions, the messages to emerge are relevant across the UK and beyond. The study found that despite the existence of barriers, direct work which is characterised as meaningful by children, young people and professionals does happen; and that the relationships formed between children and social workers are both a precursor to and an outcome of direct work. A core theme is that although individual relationships are central, the everyday encounters between children and their social workers need to be understood and situated within the personal, professional and structural contexts in which they take place.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

Sammanfattning: Syfte: Att belysa barnsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bedriva relationsbaserad vård för det förtidigt födda barnet och dess föräldrar. Bakgrund: Aktuell kunskapsgrund redovisar vikten av en familjecentrerad, relationsbaserad, neonatalvård i strävan efter tidig anknytning och självständigt föräldraskap. Bakgrunden redovisar även barnsjuksköterkans erfarenheter av den relationsbaserade vården. Design: En intervjustudie utifrån en kvalitativ ansats, med ett vårdarperspektiv som studiens teoretiska referensram. Metod: Data samlas in under 2015 genom öppna och semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 barnsjuksköterskor verksamma vid neonatalavdelningar. Som stöd för intervjuerna används en intervjuguide, som testas i en pilotintervju. Materialet bearbetas i en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, och resulterar i tre kategorier, 10 subkategorier och ett tema. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas utifrån följande kategorier: att utveckla en vårdande relation, att använda relationsfrämjande arbetssätt på neonatal, att erfara svårigheter att bedriva relationsbaserad vård. Temat för resultatet är; en varsam och utmanande vägledning. Konklusion: Barnsjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att bedriva relationsbaserad vård på en neonatalavdelning kan förstås som en varsam och samtidigt utmanande vägledning mot föräldraskap. Att bedriva relationsbaserad vård är en viktig del i att skapa föräldrar på neonatalavdelning och det finns all anledning att fortsätta att utveckla ett relationsbaserat vårdande på landets neonatalavdelningar. / Abstract: Aim: To explore pediatric nurses' experiences of practicing relationship-based care for premature infant and their parents. Background: A family centered, relationship-based, care is significant for pursuing early ties and independently parenting in the neonatal care unit. The backround also reports pediatric nurses’ experiences of relationship-based care. Design: An interview study with a qualitative approach, using caring perspective as a theoretical framework. Methods: The data is collected in 2015 through open and semi-structured interviews with 10 children nurses’ working in neonatal units. An interview guide, tested and validated in a pilot interview, is used as guidance for the interviews. The transcribed data is analysed using qualitative content analysis, and resulted in an overarching theme illustrating the latent content including three categories and 10 subcategories. Results: The findings portrayes in the following categories: development of a caring relationship, relationship promotion practices in the neonatal unit, the difficulties with practicing relationship-based care. The theme is a gentle and challenging guidence. Conclusion: Pediatric nurses' experiences in conducting relationship-based care in neonatal units can be understood as a gentle and challenging guidance on parenting. To engage in relationship-based care is an important part of creating parents in the neonatal care unit and there is every reason to continue to develop a relationship based care.

This mini thesis is aimed at establishing the relationship between developmental leadership and affective commitment as it presents itself across four levels of leadership within FNB Branch Banking. The four leadership levels targeted for research are Area Managers, Branch Managers, Administration Managers and Co-ordinators. The researcher used an Ex post facto research design in a natural field setting, formulating the research hypothesis that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between developmental leadership behaviours and affective commitment as reported by those whom directly reported to the four levels of leadership. Using 919 responses, the results of the statistical analysis showed all four leadership levels having a strong positive correlation between developmental leadership behaviours and the affective commitment of direct reports at a 99% confidence level. Finally the research also found that age has a statistically significant relationship with affective commitment and this should be examined in further research. / Human Resource Development / M. Tech. (Human Resources Development)

Huvudtitel: Bankernas digitala utveckling av kreditgivningsprocessen Undertitel: En kvalitativ studie om svenska bankers likheter och skillnader vid kreditgivningsprocessen till företagskunder samt privatkunder i förhållande till digitaliseringen Ämne: Självständigt uppsatsarbete inom företagsekonomi – FÖ8015, 15 hp. Författare: Ali Mourad och Samer Salman Nyckelord: Kreditgivningsprocess, digitalisering, privatsidan, företagssidan, risker, kundnöjdhet, kreditbedömning, relations- och transaktionsbaserad kreditgivning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva samt analysera vilka likheter och skillnader som förekommer vid svenska bankers kreditgivning till företagskunder och privatkunder i takt med den ökade digitaliseringen. Studien syftar även till att framföra teoretiska implikationer för att utveckla redan befintliga teorier och modeller. Metod: Studien genomförs med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och en abduktiv ansats, samt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med privat- och företagshandläggare från fyra olika svenska banker. Teori: Den teoretiska referensramen är uppbyggd på källor som behandlar ämnet digitalisering och kreditgivningsprocess från olika perspektiv. Dessa har använts som bas vid upprättandet av arbetets operationaliseringsschema som intervjufrågorna utgått från. Kapitlet avslutas med en analysmodell som lyfter fram de olika teorierna samt visualiserar från vilka perspektiv som studiens analys kommer att förhålla sig till. Empiri: Studien består av intervjuer med åtta handläggare från fyra olika svenska banker. Varje bank representeras av en privatrådgivare samt en företagsrådgivare vars uppgift är att förmedla hur respektive banksektor arbetar med den digitaliserade kreditgivningsprocessen. Urvalet av banker baserar sig på att kreditgivningsprocessen ska ha bedrivits innan samt under digitaliseringen hos respektive bank, för att ett bredare perspektiv ska kunna framföras av hur ändringen har tagit form. Slutsats: I takt med att digitaliseringen införts i banksektorn, strävar bankerna efter att digitalisera kreditgivningsprocessen både för lån till privatkunder och lån till företagskunder. Detta ska kunna bidra med en ökad effektivitet i arbetssättet för bankerna, men även en bekvämare upplevelse, av den annars långa processen för kunderna. Trots denna strävan är det viktigt att inte glömma vilken betydelse de fysiska mötena har i processen. Genom dessa kan bankerna genomföra både relations- och transaktionsbaserad kreditgivning samt säkerställa att rätt information om varje specifik kund samlas in för att undvika olika typer av principal- och agentproblem. Digitaliseringen kommer att bidra med mycket förbättringar av kreditgivningsprocessen för båda parter, däremot är det viktigt att beakta att en fysisk handläggares roll och det mänskliga tankesättet inte kan tillämpas i ett programmerat system. / Main title: Banks' digital development in the lending process Subtitle: A qualitative study on Swedish banks' similarities and differences in the lending process to business customers and private customers in relation to digitization Subject: Självständigt uppsatsarbete inom företagsekonomi – FÖ8015, 15 hp. Authors: Ali Mourad och Samer Salman Keywords: Lending process, digitization, private sector, corporate sector, risks, customer satisfaction, credit assessment, relationship-based and transaction-based lending. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the similarities and differences that occur in Swedish banks to corporate customers and private customers as a result of the increased digitization. The study also aims to present theoretical implications for developing existing theories and models. Method: The study is conducted using a qualitative method and an abductive approach, as well as through semi-structured interviews with private and corporate advisors from four different Swedish banks. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is built upon sources that address the subject of digitization and the credit granting process from various perspectives. The sesources have been used as a basis in the construction of the operationalization scheme for the study, from which the interview questions were based. The chapter concludes with an analysis model that highlights the different theories and visualizes the perspectives from which the study's analysis will be approached. Empirical: The study consists of interviews with eight advisors from four different Swedish banks. Each bank is represented by a private advisor and a corporate advisor whose task is to convey how their respective banking sector works with the digitized credit granting process. The selection of banks is based on the criteria that the credit granting process has been conducted both before and during the digitization period at each bank, in order to present a broader perspective on how the change has taken shape. Conclusion: As digitalization has been introduced in the banking sector, banks are striving to digitize the credit granting process for both loans to personal customers and loans to business customers. This is expected to bring increased efficiency to the banks' workflow and provide customers with a more convenient experience, considering the otherwise lengthy process. Despite banks' desire, it is important not to forget the significance of physical meetings in the process. Through these meetings, banks can conduct both relationship-based and transaction-based credit approvals and ensure that the correct information about each specific customer is gathered to avoid various types of principal-agent problems. Digitalization will contribute with many improvements to the credit granting process for both parties; however, it is important to consider that a physical advisor’s role and human mindset cannot be applied to a programmed system.

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