Abstract Elderly people, because of the frail health condition and consequent problems, have in most cases substantial difficulties living at home. Despite the need for widened nursing home custody, the field of quality institutional elderly care in Slovenia in the past did not undergo comprehensive research. The purpose of this two-part study was to investigate the quality of institutional elderly care and elderly care offered in Slovenian nursing homes. Additional purpose was to evaluate nursing staff members about their willingness, knowledge, skills and importance to meet residents’ physical and psychosocial nursing care needs. Also, a part of this research was bound for recognition of maltreatment and nursing staff members’ well-being. The qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The quality of institutional elderly care and elderly care offered were researched by interviewing the parties involved in elderly care, residents, relatives and nursing staff members (N=48). The data for quantitative research was collected by surveying nursing staff by using a structured questionnaire (N=148). All data have been collected in three public and one private nursing home located in two major cities of Ljubljana and Maribor. Collected data was examined by content analysis method and statistical analysis, to corroborate findings across data sets, reducing the impact of potential biases that can exist in a single study. Triangulation was used to approach to data analysis to synthesize data from multiple sources. Main categories of quality institutional elderly were formulated as attentive care, optimal custody and holistic approach. The most important issue of quality institutional elderly care was formulated as meeting needs on time. Nursing staff members were found to be better skilled in meeting physical than psychosocial needs of residents. Maltreatment was recognised as neglect of care due to postponed duties or hastiness in nursing interventions resulting in discomfort of residents. Factors in connection to quality of institutional elderly care were expressed as quality of nursing care, friendly relationship, meaningful activities, pleasant dwelling environment and versatile assistance. The obtained findings were presented in form of proposals to improve quality of institutional elderly care in Slovenian nursing homes, and could be used to develop institutional elderly care and improve dwelling. In addition many specific terms have been extracted during the analysis process that may contribute to development of gerontological nursing care rationale in Slovenia.

Background: For nurses in hospitals, the presence of close relatives in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be an uncertain experience. In 2015, 91 000 deaths occurred in Sweden, many of them in hospitals. Aim: This study aimed to explain nurses' experiences of relatives' presence at cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitals. Method: A literature review based on six qualitative and five quantitative articles was performed. Result: Two main themes, to invite and to not invite, constituted the result with four subthemes. The main theme to invite had two subthemes, good occupational experience and self-confidence. The main theme to not invite comprised likewise two subthemes, insecurity about absent guidelines and worry about relatives' reaction. Conclusion: A majority of the nurses believed that relatives should be present at CPR. Nurses believed that relatives easier could accept their relatives' death if they were able to touch their relative, share the last moments in life and say goodbye. Improvement of guidelines and development work is needed to maintain nurses' positive view of relatives' presence at CPR in hospital settings. To strengthen this, national guidelines are also necessary to assist local guidelines.

Traditionally, emphases in the mass media coverage of almost all crimes have been placed on the alleged offender and the victim (and on occasion, their families). As a result, the families of offenders have been either largely ignored or presented unfairly even though their lives have also been devastatingly impacted by the media coverage of their loved one. While scholars have explored the impacts of offending on offenders’ relatives, this exploratory study adds to the literature by focusing on a uniquely marginalized sub-population of relatives of sex offenders in Canada. This study examines some of the collateral consequences of sex offending on the relatives, while focusing primarily on the impacts and effects of media coverage on these relatives. The findings of this study are based on a thematic analysis of nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with partners, mothers and daughters of Canadian adult male sex offenders. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of Herbert Blumer’s (1969) symbolic interactionism and Erving Goffman’s (1963) stigma, this research finds that relatives of sex offenders encounter a myriad of consequences and repercussions resulting from a loved one’s sexually offending behaviour. In particular, the interview data suggests that the media coverage of a loved one’s criminalized behaviour exacerbates many of the already difficult and challenging collateral consequences, as well as the overall stigmatizing effects that arise when a loved one engages in sexually offending behaviour. Recommendations, offered by the participants, regarding future media reporting practices are presented, along with important directions for future research within this area of study.

Le but de cette thèse consiste à créer et développer un modèle de transport de suspension colloïdale en milieu poreux saturé qui sera capable de détecter et de prédire l'apparition de vitesses différentes entre l'eau et la suspension ; de distinguer les cas de l'accélération et de retard des particules colloïdales ainsi que de calculer les deux vitesses en utilisant l'information initiale des propriétés du milieu poreux et des particules. On a procédé de deux manières différentes. Premièrement, on a proposé une méthode analytique de calcul de facteur d'augmentation de la vitesse qu'on peut introduire dans le modèle monophasique classique du transport colloïdal. Deuxièmement, on a proposé un nouvelle approche mathématique phénoménologique pour décrire un transport colloïdal.Pour développer cette approche, on a utilisé le fait que les deux vitesses apparaissent automatiquement dans le modèle diphasique d'écoulement. Ainsi notre modèle doit être proche de celui diphasique. En conséquence, pour notre modèle mathématique, on a écarté l'approche traditionnelle qui suppose un transport d'un liquide monophasique / The aim of this PhD thesis is to create and to develop a colloid suspension transport model in the saturated porous media that will be able to detect and to predict the apparition of the difference between water and suspension velocity; to distinguish cases of acceleration and of deceleration of the colloidal particles and also to calculate the two velocities using the initial information on the properties of porous media and of particles. We are proceeded by two different manners. Firstly, we are proposed an analytical method of calculation of enhancement velocity factor that can be introduced in the classic colloid transport model that is single-phase one. Secondly, we are proposed a new phenomenological mathematical approach to describe a colloid transport. To develop this approach, we are used the fact that two velocities appear automatically in the two-phase transport model. Thus our model must be similar to two-phase one. Therefore, for our mathematical model we are refused the traditional approach that assumes a transport of a single-phase liquid

Background: Nurses experience both positive and negative experiences when dealing with patients relatives who are present during resuscitation. Factors that affect this include the current situation, past experiences and the nurses knowledge. Nurses percieve support as important for relatives that should be offered in form of a contact person. Problem: Relatives may be an important part of the patient's life but don’t always get the opportunity to participate in decision-making regarding their presence at the patient's resuscitation. Aim: To investigate the experiences of attending resuscitation in hospital from a relatives perspective. Method: Literature study with qualitative approach. Results: Relatives describe positive experiences when present such as ensuring that everything is done for the patient and to see how healthcare professionals act. The negative experiences are anxiety, fear and helplessness. Relatives may be in need of contact with the patient to support him/her and also with healthcare professionals to see their efforts. Conclusion: Relatives experience advantages when attending the resuscitation, which nurses should think about. To support relatives a contact person from the care team should be available. Guidelines concerning relatives presence in the hospital should be formed as a support for the nurses. / Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor upplever både positiva och negativa erfarenheter i samband med närståendes närvaro vid återupplivning. Faktorer som påverkar är exempelvis den rådande situationen, tidigare erfarenheter och deras kunskap. Sjuksköterskor uppfattar stöd för närstående som viktigt under återupplivning på sjukhus, vilket kan erbjudas i form av en kontaktperson. Problem: Närstående kan vara en viktig del i patientens liv men får inte alltid delta i beslutsfattandet kring sin närvaro vid patientens återupplivning på sjukhus. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka närståendes upplevelser av att närvara vid återupplivning på sjukhus. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Närstående beskriver positiva upplevelser av att närvara som exempelvis att kunna se allt som genomförs på patienten och hur vårdpersonal agerar i situationen. De negativa upplevelserna är oro, rädsla och hjälplöshet. Närstående kan vara i behov av kontakt med patienten för att stödja denne och med vårdpersonal för att se insatserna som genomförs. Slutsats: Närstående upplever fördelar med att närvara vid återupplivning på sjukhus, vilket bör vara något som tas i åtanke av sjuksköterskor. För att lyckas stödja närstående så bör en kontaktperson från vårdteamet finnas lätttillgänglig. Riktlinjer vad gäller närståendes närvaro på sjukhus bör utformas som ett stöd vad gäller hanterandet.

Introduction: In the nurses’ profession, interacting with relatives is a part in her/his daily work. Previous research has shown that nurses can experience relatives as a valuable asset in providing information, but it has also shown that there can be an ambiguity among nurses about relatives’ participation. In Viet Nam, the nurses’ experiences about relatives' participation has not yet been explored. Aim: The aim with this study was to explore registered nurses’ experiences of the relative´s participation in the care of patients at a hospital in Viet Nam. Method: A qualitative design was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nine registered nurses. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Result: The analysis of the nurses’ experiences resulted in three categories; Relatives' role in care, Relatives’ knowledge and Relatives’ presence at the workplace. Conclusion: This study presented registered nurses' experiences on the importance of relatives being a part of the care regarding providing information and relieving workload. This study also showed that the participation of the relatives can bring risks for the work environment and patients.

Drygt var tredje person i Sverige kommer någon gång vara med om ett cancerbesked. Att få diagnosen cancer kan göra livet annorlunda. Alla som drabbas av cancer dör inte, men många blir aktuella för palliativ vård och går över till ett lindrande skede istället för botande. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar inte bara för patientens välmående utan även de närståendes där vikten läggs på att bedriva en familjefokuserad omvårdnad där inkludering av närstående är viktigt. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att lyfta de närståendes erfarenheter av att leva med en person som är döende i cancer. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där tio resultatartiklar valdes ut. Fyra huvudteman och nio underteman formades efter resultatbearbetning där huvudtemana blev: Stå bredvid, Pausa sitt eget liv, Vara med och Tacksamhet. Slutsatsen i litteraturstudien var att närstående till en person som var döende i cancer, kände en oro för att den döende personen skulle avlida ensam eller med obehandlade smärtor. Närstående var i behov av bra stöd och vägledning från sjuksköterskan. Genom att ta del av de närståendes upplevelser kan sjuksköterskan få en ökad förståelse, vilket underlättar för de närstående att ta emot stöd. / Approximately every third person in Sweden will be a part of a cancer diagnosis. When the diagnosis is set, the life may change. All of those who get a cancer diagnosis will not die but some will reach a palliative stage where the goal is to ease pain and anxiety instead of curative treatment. The registered nurse is not only responsible for the patient's wellbeing but also the wellbeing of the relatives. It´s important to conduct a family focused nursing care where the inclusion of close relatives is important. The aim of this study was to embrace the relatives´ experiences of living with a person who is dying from cancer. The study was conducted as a general literature study with an inductive approach in which ten result articles were selected. Four main themes and nine sub-themes were formed after the results were processed, where the main themes became: Standing on the side, Pause their own life, Be with and Gratitude. The conclusion of the literature study was that relatives of a person dying from cancer felt a distinct concern that the dying person would die alone or with untreated pain. The relatives were in need of better support and guidance from the registered nurse. By taking part of the relatives´ experiences, the registered nurse can gain an increased understanding, which makes it easier for the relatives to receive support.

Introduktion/Bakgrund: Patienter i livets slutskede som upplever outhärdliga symtom kan få palliativ sedering. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll när palliativ sedering tillämpas. De har ansvar för att stötta och företräda både patient och närstående. Det finns en brist på forskning om närståendes upplevelser av palliativ sedering. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur det upplevs att vara närstående till en patient som får palliativ sedering. Metod: Litteraturstudien genomfördes enligt Polit och Becks (2016) nio steg. Databassökningen gjordes i tre databaser; PubMed, Cinahl samt PsycINFO där åtta artiklar identifierades till resultatet. Resultat: Närståendes upplevelser sammanställdes i fem teman: önskan om en god död, behov av information och kunskap, tankegångar, möjlighet till avsked och känsla av ansvar. Slutsats: Närstående hade en positiv upplevelse av palliativ sedering. De tveksamheter som närstående generellt hade var om patientens välmående, eventuell förkortning av livet samt ifall sederingen gav en god död. Resultatet visade ett stort behov av information och kunskap från vårdgivare för att närstående skulle ha en bättre upplevelse.

Huntingtons sjukdom (HS) är en ovanligt förekommande sjukdom med komplexa sjukdomsförlopp. Att vara anhörigvårdare till en individ som drabbats av HS kan därför innebära en speciellt utmanande livssituation med många svårigheter liknande andra anhörigvårdare med sjukdomstillstånd som parkinsons sjukdom och alzheimers sjukdom. Det är därför viktigt för sjuksköterskan att att få en förståelse för vad anhörigvårdare går igenom vid vårdandet av en individ med HS för att kunna förstå och ge adekvat stöd. Syftet: med litteraturstudien är att beskriva anhörigas perspektiv av att vara vårdare för en anhörig som är drabbad av huntingtons sjukdom. Metod: för att analysera datan så användes en integrerad analysmetod enligt Whittemore & Knafl (2005). 12 inkluderades (2 kvantitativa, 10 kvalitativa) som samlades från två databaser. Resultat: analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Existera i rollen anhörigvårdare, hantera att vara anhörigvårdare, undvikande av sjukdomen, kämpa för att få stöd och förståelse. Resultatet påvisade bland annat hur anhörigvårdares liv förändras samt hur det kan se ut när anhörigvårdare hanterar den nya situationen. Det är viktigt för sjukvården att ha insikt för vad anhörigvårdare går igenom för att kunna ge ett adekvat stöd och bemötande.

Bakgrund: År 2019 var det globalt sett 40 miljoner personer som hade diagnosen bipolär sjukdom. Det är betydligt fler personer med denna diagnos som avlider genom självmord, jämfört med individer utan den. Sjukdomen påverkar många delar av den drabbades liv. Vidare är närstående viktiga i omvårdnaden men upplever också en stor börda.  Syfte: Att beskriva erfarenheter av att vara närstående till en person med bipolär sjukdom. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med elva empiriska studier har gjorts. Sökningarna gjordes i Cinahl och PubMed. Studierna analyserades med en innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier och tolv underkategorier. De fyra kategorierna var: ”Vikten av copingstrategier”, ”Erfarenheter av vården - ett spektrum mellan vägledning och uteblivet stöd”, ”Gå igenom svåra känslor” och ”Sjukdomen för med sig utmaningar”.  Konklusion: Resultatet visar de utmaningar och konsekvenser närstående till personer med bipolär sjukdom upplever. Närstående tar ett stort ansvar och deras psykiska och fysiska hälsa påverkas. Sjuksköterskan bör vara medveten om detta för att på bästa sätt kunna stödja patienter och närstående. / Background: In 2019, 40 million people were diagnosed with bipolar disorder around the world. These individuals have a higher suicide rate compared to the rest of the population. Bipolar disorder affects several parts of a person's life, but also the lives of the people around them. Furthermore, close relatives have shown to be significant in the care, however, these people also experience a burden. Aim: To describe the experiences of being a close relative of a person with bipolar disorder. Methods: A qualitative literature study with 11 empirical studies has been done. These were obtained by using the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The studies were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in 4 categories and 12 subcategories. The 4 categories were: “The importance of coping strategies”, “Experiences of healthcare – a spectrum between guidance and lack of support”, “Going through difficult feelings” and “Many challenges come with the disease”. Conclusion: The result shows the challenges and consequences experienced by relatives of people with bipolar disorder. Relatives take great responsibility, and their mental and physical health is affected. Nurses should be aware of this in order to best support patients and relatives.