Orientadores: Jairo Morais Nunes, Mary Aizawa Kato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T16:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LessadeOliveira_AdrianaStellaCardoso_D.pdf: 1270774 bytes, checksum: e4fffae5f8011e501b903a3b031139ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este estudo investiga a aquisição das estratégias relativas em português brasileiro (PB). Os corpora investigados são constituídos de dados de fala naturalísticos-longitudinais de três crianças, dos 1;6 aos 3;6 anos de idade, bem como de dados da fala de seus interlocutores adultos. Assumindo a proposta de Kato (1993) e Kato e Nunes (2007), segundo a qual estruturas de deslocamento à esquerda estão na base da derivação de relativas não-padrão (cortadora) em PB, registro duas generalizações que não foram notificadas na literatura sobre sentenças relativas em PB: a) relativas apositivas são adquiridas cedo mas não são permitidas como estratégia não-padrão; e b) relativas livres também não tardam a aparecer e admitem a estratégia não-padrão. Quanto às relativas restritivas, mostro que, enquanto as relativas não-preposicionais e preposicionais não-padrão aparecem cedo na fala infantil, a aquisição das relativas com pied-piping requer ensino formal. Assumindo a proposta de Hornstein (2007), de acordo com quem derivações que recorrem a movimento (compreendido em termos de cópia) são mais econômicas que aquelas que recorrem a pronome resumptivo, proponho que a estratégia de relativização padrão é adquirida antes da estratégia não-padrão, no caso das relativas não preposicionais, porque estão a opção mais econômica. Com base na noção de Economia de Roeper (2003) em termos de profundidade mínima (computada por número de nódulos da sonda ao alvo), argumento que a dificuldade na aquisição das relativas com pied-piping se deve a uma complexidade inerente operação de pied-piping / Abstract: This study investigates the acquisition of relativization strategies in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The corpora investigated are constituted by naturalistic longitudinal data from three children, from 1;6 to 3;6 years old, as well as data from their caretakers. Assuming Kato¿s (1993) and Kato and Nunes¿s (2007) proposal that left dislocation structures underlie the derivation of non-standard (¿PP-chopping¿) relatives in BP, I document two generalizations which have not been noticed in the literature on BP relative clauses: a) appositive clauses do not allow the non-standard strategy, but are acquired early; and b) free relatives admit the nonstandard strategy, and are also acquired early . As for restrictive relative clauses, the data show that the non-prepositional and the non-standard prepositional relatives appear early, whereas pied-piping relatives require formal teaching. Assuming Hornstein¿s (2007) proposal that derivations that resort to movement (understood in terms of copying) are more economical than those that resort to resumption, I propose that the standard relativization strategy is acquired before the non-standard strategy in the case of the non-prepositional relatives because it relies on the more economical option. Moreover, using Roeper¿s (2003) Economy notion in terms of minimal depth (number of nodes from the probe to the goal), I argue that the difficulty in the acquisition of pied-piping relatives is due to the inherent complexity of the pied-piping operation / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

This is a qualitative study that explores the involvement of the relatives in the special housing based on the perspective of fourteen interviewees working in elderly care, at special housing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nursing staff's view of the involvement of the relatives and the presence of care provision at special housing. The study is to find out what can constitute support or obstacles to the relatives. Three questions have been presented as the structural basis upon which the objective finds its conclusion. These questions try to explore and identify the forms of support that can help relatives in their involvement in elderly care. There are opportunities and obstacles for the involvement of the relatives in the care of the elderly as well as expectations of nursing staff on the role of the relatives in the care of the elderly which the following study focuses on. The research reflected in this study involves the care staff and their experiences and views on the relatives who have their older live permanently in residential care. In conclusion, the study identifies similar reasoning among respondents regarding to key aspects of the relatives at the special housing. They emphasizes that relatives are needed there and they are important resource for both the residents and the staff. The results indicate that there may be both opportunities and obstacles for the involvement of the relatives. On one side, factors that prevent relatives from their involvement are lack of communication, poor attitude, different views of relatives and staff about care and conflicts between them. On the other side, there are opportunities that can facilitate relatives' involvement, namely the fact that they need support from the staff. The interviewees pointed out that the relationship between relatives and the elderly is the basis of the relatives' involvement.

Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la syntaxe et de l'interprétation des constructions dites relatives à pivot interne [RPI] en japonais. Le japonais est souvent décrit comme disposant de deux systèmes de relativisation, la relative régulière, prénominale, et la RPI. Reprenant les premiers travaux sur ces constructions, dus à S.-Y. Kuroda, nous montrons que la RPI n'est pas un cas de modification nominale comparable à celui de la relative régulière, mais plutôt un cas de coordination de deux propositions internes à la phrase compète. Nous proposons, sur le plan syntaxique, une analyse de -no comme réalisation phonologique d'un déterminant, D, suivant partiellement les hypothèses générales de Kayne [1994]. Pour l'interprétation de la RPI, nous défendons l'hypothèse selon laquelle elle se comporte comme un topique scénique qui précède les topiques ordinaires, itérables, de Rizzi [1997]. Nous proposons dans un premier temps, la montée en FL de la proposition enchâssée, et dans un second temps, une analyse de la suite de [trace + -no] qui reste in situ comme équivalent du pronom démonstratif sore. / This dissertation is a study of the syntax and semantics of the so-called Head-Internal Relative [HIR] clauses in Japanese. This language is generally describe as possessing two distinct relativisation strategies, the unmarked, prenominal, relatives clauses on the one hand, and the HIRs on the other. Returning to the first descriptions of the latter [cf. S-Y. Kuroda 1974, 1975-76], I demonstrate that, semantically, IHR clauses are not a case of adnominal modification; thus, what appears to be a case of [syntactic] embedding is in fact an unexpected case of coordination of two propositions, corresponding to the IHR clause and the main clause. The syntactic analysis of the HIR relies on the idea that -no is a D, borrowing in part from Kayne's [1994] well-known analysis of relative clauses. However, at the semantic interpretation level, we propose that the contents of the HRI is a proposition which functions like a scenic topic which precedes Rizzi's [1997] iterable topic phrases. We are thus led to suggest that the IHR[or its contents] raises to the left periphery, and that the sequence [trace + -no] left behind functions like the demonstrative pronoun sore when it is used anaphorically rather than deictically.

Cette recherche identifie et analyse les différentes erreurs, intervenant dans le cadre de la relativisation, commises par des apprenants arabophones saoudiens. L’étude se fonde sur un corpus de 1670 relatives. Constitué dans un cadre institutionnel, ce corpus réunit des productions écrites obtenues dans des emplois contraints, semi-contraints et plus spontanés. Les résultats confirment le fait que la relativisation en français relève d’une complexité linguistique et représente une incontestable difficulté dans le parcours d’un apprenant de FLE. Quelle que soit la fonction relativisée (sujet < OD < syntagme prépositionnel : où < dont < F. Comp.), quelle que soit la forme attendue (quiSU < où < dont < F.comp. < que < qu’) les erreurs sont nombreuses. Les principales difficultés, situées à la jonction de la matrice et de la relative, concernent le choix de la forme requise et l’extraction de la préposition. Si la hiérarchie d’accessibilité de Keenan et Comrie (1977) est globalement respectée (les relativisations les plus basses suscitant plus d’erreurs), certaines données cependant la remettent en cause : la relativisation d’un oblique semble parfois plus accessible que la relativisation d’un objet indirect (où OBL parait plus accessible que dont OI ou que l’emploi d’une forme amalgamée OI ou oblique OI). Il s’avère, en outre, que l’écart entre les langues en contact occasionne des erreurs, dues à des transferts négatifs et, notamment, à une indifférenciation entre stratégie du joncteur (arabe standard moderne) et stratégie du pronom relatif (français) et à la reconduction de modalités de sélection du relativiseur propre à l’arabe standard moderne. On note également un recours à un complémenteur universel (transfert de l’arabe dialectal ?) parfois associé à un pronom résomptif. / This research identifies and analyzes the various errors made by Saudi Arabian-speaking learners in the context of relativization. The study is based on a corpus of 1670 relative. Constituted in an institutional framework, this corpus combines written productions obtained in constrained, semi-constrained and more spontaneous uses. The results confirm the fact that relativisation in French is linguistically complex and represents an undeniable difficulty in the course of a learner. Regardless of the relativized function (sujet < OD < syntagme prépositionnel: où < dont < F. Comp), whatever the expected form (quiSU < où < dont < F.comp. < que < qu’) mistakes are numerous. The main difficulties, located at the junction of the matrix and the relative, concern the choice of the required form and the extraction of the preposition. Although the hierarchy of accessibility of Keenan and Comrie (1977) is generally respected (the lowest relativities causing more errors), some data, however, call it into question: the relativization of an oblique seems sometimes more accessible than the relativisation of an indirect object (où OBL appears more accessible than dont OI or the use of an amalgamated form OI or oblique OI). Moreover, the gap between the languages in contact causes errors, due to negative transfers and, in particular, to an indifference between the strategy of the junctor (modern standard Arabic) and the relative pronoun (French) strategy and to the renewal of modalities for selecting the relativiser of modern standard Arabic. We also note a recourse to a universal complementor (transfer of dialectal Arabic?) Sometimes associated with a resumptive pronoun.

Bakgrund:Den psykiska ohälsan hos den svenska befolkningen är i dagsläget hög och ett stort mörkertal tros finnas. Schizofreni är en vanlig psykossjukdom som tar upp stora delar av psykiatrins resurser. För personer med diagnosen schizofreni kantas vardagen av utmaningar till följd av sjukdomens symtom och allmänhetens stigma. Anhöriga en är viktig resurs i vårdandet när en familjemedlem diagnostiseras med schizofreni. Syfte:Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att belysa anhörigas upplevelse av att vårda en familjemedlem med diagnosen schizofreni. Metod:En litteraturöversikt över både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar från databasen Cinahl. Konsensusbegreppet hälsa används tillsammans med den teoretiskutgångspunkten KASAM – känsla av sammanhang (Antonovsky, 2005). ResultatI studiens resultat framkom fem huvudteman: motsägelsefulla känslor, där anhörigas upplevelse av bördor och tillfredställelser pressenteras. Social isolering, där orsaker till ett begränsat socialt liv beskrivs utifrån anhörigas upplevelse av situationen. Finansiell oro, där ekonomiska och arbetsrelaterade förändringar tas upp. Hälsa och livskvalitet, där anhörigas upplevelse av sin egen hälsa och livskvalitet beskrivs och kontakten med sjukvården, där anhörigas upplevelse av vårdkontakten tydliggörs. Diskussion:En diskussion hålls kring anhörigas upplevelse av att vårda en familjemedlem med diagnosen schizofreni och samtidigt uppnå hälsa utifrån Antonovskys (2005) teori om KASAM – känsla av sammanhang. Begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet diskuteras utifrån teman informationsbrist och kunskapsbrist och sociala relationer. / Background:The mental ill-health of the Swedish population is currently at a high level and there is reason to believe that there is a substantial amount of unrecorded cases. Schizophrenia is a common psychotic illness preoccupies a large fraction of the psychiatric care. For people with schizophrenia every day is challenging because of the symptoms of the disease and the public stigma. When a family member is diagnosed with schizophrenia relatives become an important resource. Aim:The aim of this study is to highlight relatives’ experience of caring for a family member diagnosed with schizophrenia.  Method:A literature review of both qualitative and quantitative articles from the database Cinahl. SOC - sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 2005) was used as a nursing theory along with the consensus concept health.  Results:The study resulted in five main themes: contradictory feelings, in which relatives' experience of burdens and satisfactions are revealed. Social isolation, which causes a limited social life, described from relatives' perspective. Financial concern, where economic and job-related changes are discussed. Health and quality of life, where family members’ personal health and quality of life is described. Contact with health services, where relatives' care contact is clarified. Discussion: A discussion is held about the family's experience of caring for a family member diagnosed with schizophrenia while achieving health in relation to Antonovsky's (2005) theory of SOC - sense of coherence.

The overall aim of this thesis was to study palliative end-of-life care outside specialist palliative care settings, from an organizational perspective and from professionals’ and relatives’ experiences. In Study I 174 individuals were identified retrospectively from nursing records and palliative care identification forms as being in a palliative phase. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic statistical methods. In Study II a total of nine nurses working in primary home care, community care, and hospitals were interviewed. Phenomenological methodology was used to analyze data. In Study III 17 enrolled nurses, who worked in community or primary care and in a sitting service organization, participated in four focus group interviews. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. In Study IV seven relatives from four families were interviewed twice. They had each cared in the private home for a dying family member who had received sitting service. Direct interpretation and categorical aggregation were used to analyze data. The results highlight challenges in palliative care, vulnerable situations, and a need of support (I–IV). Individuals’ needs for both palliative care and sitting service were identified, including those of a smaller part of the population who actually received the sitting service. (I). Registered nurses’ responsibilities included care at the same time for individuals in both palliative and curative phases. This created vulnerable situations for the nurses, since their ambitions concerning the care did not correspond to available resources (II). The enrolled nurses’ task was to manage ongoing life and dying in different care settings, to meet individual needs and still provide equivalent care. Despite experiences of vulnerable situations, they felt safe (III). Relatives experienced care situations differently, related to differences in families, the illness trajectory, the need for support, and the support offered. Without sufficient support, vulnerable situations occurred, which made the relatives feel insecure (IV). Thus, care situations in palliative end-of-life care can be experienced in different ways, with different levels of vulnerability. One implication of the research might be to suggest that professional caregivers, to supplement the relatives’ own resources with support tailored to the individual’s and the family’s needs

Bakgrund: Tidigare har närstående inte tillåtits att närvara vid hjärt-lungräddning (HLR) men diskussionen har ökat i omfattning. European Resuscitation Council och American Heart Association förespråkar närståendes närvaro men trots detta tillåter många länder inte detta. Sveriges sjukhus inrapporterade 2586 hjärtstopp år 2014. Närstående upplever lidande när en nära blir sjuk, vilket kopplas till familjefokuserad omvårdnad där de närstående och patienten ska ses som en helhet. Här läggs det vikt vid socialt stöd som har betydelse för en individs hälsa, en sjuksköterska kan vara lämplig som stödjande person. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva sjuksköterskans uppfattningar av att ha närstående närvarande vid HLR. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har gjorts innehållande 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor känner oro för hur närstående påverkas av att bevittna HLR, att de ska ingripa i återupplivningsarbetet. Sjuksköterskor uppfattar stöd till närstående som väsentligt för att möjliggöra närvaro vid HLR. Närstående uppfattas påverka den sociala och fysiska miljön. Riktlinjer för sjuksköterskor behövs. Konklusioner: Sjuksköterskor uppfattar att det saknas förutsättningar för närstående att närvara vid HLR. Med en stödperson för de närstående och tydliga riktlinjer kan detta främjas. Däremot finns det hinder så som arbetsmiljö som försvårar möjligheten för närståendes närvaro. / Background: Earlier, relatives’ weren ́t allowed to be present at cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) but nowdays the topic is highly relevant. European Resuscitation Council and American Heart Association recommends this practice. However, many countries don ́t allow this. In 2014, 2586 cardiac arrests were reported in Swedish hospitals. Relatives are suffering when loved ones becomes ill, which is linked to family-centered care where relatives and patient should be seen as a whole. This places emphasis on social support which ́s important to peoples health. A nurse may be suitable as a support person. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to describe nurses' perceptions of having relatives present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: A literature review was made containing 12 scientific articles with both quantitative and qualitative approach. Results: Nurses are concerned about how relatives are affected by witnessing CPR, that they may interfere in the resuscitation efforts. Nurses perceive that support for the relatives are essential. Relatives are perceived to have impact on the social and physical environment. Guidelines for nurses are needed. Conclusions: Nurses perceive that with staff who can support the family and with the availability of guidelines and a well-functioning work environment it ́s possible to have relatives present during CPR.

Aim: The overall aim was to create knowledge about what it means to live with bipolar disorder from an existential perspective, both for individuals with the diagnosis and for their close relatives.Method: An existential perspective in this context entails that it is explored and described from a lifeworld perspective of individuals who in various ways experience that which is termed as bipolar disorder. The lifeworld phenomenological approach Reflective Lifeworld Research (RLR) was used in the four empirical studies. Meaning-oriented interviews and analysis were conducted following the leading methodological principles of the chosen scientific approach. A synthesis, based on lifeworld hermeneutic existential philosophy, then presents how it is possible to understand the perspective of individuals with bipolar disorder and their close relatives as a coherent whole.Findings and conclusions: A magnitude and complexity of experiencing, which means that life with bipolar disorder is characterized by extra dimensions, specific tension and contradictions, has been elucidated. Knowledge of the meaning of these aspects enables for the persons with the illness and for their close relatives to understand, to put words to, and to communicate how their life is and what they need, which in turn enhances their ability to influence their lives. It also increases the opportunities for professional caregivers to develop care, both in content and organization, so that it can meet the actual needs of those concerned in an adequate way.Living with bipolar disorder means so much more than the usual description with changes between episodes of depression and mania. The diagnosis “bipolar disorder” thus appears to be an inadequate label that only reflects the more obvious and visible dimensions of the illness, while those that characterize life in its entirety remain hidden.The thesis also shows that the importance of the common everyday life of persons with bipolar disorder and their close relatives should be highlighted as the most important factor in a liveable existence. A change in the view of mental health care is thus needed; a change that is characterized by consensus, collaboration and transparent communication between the person with the illness, their close relatives and mental health care. The common goal should be about meeting actual needs, and to strengthen a profound connectedness in order to make everyday life more liveable. / Disputationen sker den 2012-11-16, Sal Myrdal, Hus K, Växjö, kl. 10:30.

Bakgrund: Målet med den palliativa vården är att främja patienternas och dess anhörigas livskvalitet genom att använda sig av en helhetssyn på människan samt genom att arbeta utifrån de fyra hörnstenarna: symtomlindring, anhörigstöd, teamarbete och kommunikation. Det är allt vanligare att patienter med obotliga sjukdomar vill vårdas i hemmet vid livets slutskede. De rollerna är utmanande på många sätt när anhöriga vårdar och stödjer sina närstående i hemmet vid livets slut och många gånger behöver de emotionellt eller praktiskt stöd från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen för att själva uppnå en god hälsa men även för att deras närstående ska kunna få en god och värdig död. Syftet: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda en närstående i hemmet vid livets slutskede samt att utveckla sjuksköterskans kunskap och insats till att ge anpassat stöd. Metod: Metoden var litteraturöversikt. Data samlades in från databaserna CINAHL Complete och Medline med begränsningarna Fulltext och Peer Reviewed samt en avgränsning mellan åren 2003 till 2015. Tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut. Resultat: Resultaten presenterades i två kategorier: Anhörigas upplevelser av vårdande rollen samt upplevelser av stöd från hälso- och sjukvården. Anhöriga beskrev att de upplevde ett ökat ansvar och börda av att vårda sina närstående i hemmet vid livets slut. Det påverkande deras arbete, inkomst, hälsa samt fritidsaktiviteter negativt. De upplevde även en känsla av otillräcklighet, isolering, och ensamhet vid bristande stöd från andra familjemedlemmar, vänner samt från hälso- och sjukvården. Trots de negativa upplevelserna anhöriga genomgick upplevde de samtidigt en meningsfull och tillfredsställande känsla av att vårda sina närstående. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Roys adaptionsmodell och relaterat till konsensus begreppet hälsa. Anhöriga behövde olika stöd för att de lättare skulle kunna adaptera till sina nya roller för att främja sin hälsa. Vidare diskuterades även anhörigas upplevelser vid bristande stöd från familjemedlemmar, vänner och hälso- och sjukvården. Sjuksköterskans stödjande roll kan ha en avgörande betydelse för hur anhöriga kan anpassa sig till den vårdande rollen samt för att främja deras hälsa livskvalitet och välbefinnande. / Background: The goal of palliative care is to facilitate patients and their family member’s quality of life through holistic views and by working in coherence with four cornerstones: symptom relief, family support, teamwork and communication. It is more common that patients with incurable diseases want to be cared at home at the end of life. The family’s role is challenging in many ways when they care for and support their relatives at home at the end of life. These carers often need emotional or practical support from health care professionals in order to achieve good health but also for their relatives to have a good and dignified death. Aim: To describe the relatives’ experiences of caring for a loved one at home at the final stages of life and to develop nurses' knowledge and effort to provide appropriate support. Method: Data were collected from the databases CINAHL Complete and Medline with full text constraints and Peer reviewed as well as a demarcation between the years of 2003 to 2015. Ten qualitative studies were selected and analyzed. Results: The results showed that relatives felt a great responsibility and burden when caring for their loved ones at home at final stages of life. It affected their work, income, and health and leisure time in negative manor. They also experienced a feeling of inadequacy, isolation and loneliness, due to the lack of support from other family members, friends as well as from the health care system. Even though, care giving attributed was experienced as negative the relatives also felt a validity, satisfaction and meaningfulness of caring for their loved ones. Discussion: The results were discussed on the basis of Roy’s adaptation model and to the consensus concept of health. Relatives need different types of support in order to adapt more easily to their role as carers and to promote their health. Furthermore, also discussed the relatives experienced lack of support from family members, friends and the health care professionals. The nurse`s supporting role can have a significant impact to how families can adapt to the caring role and to promote their health, quality of life and well-being.

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate quality of life, coping and emotional distress (i.e. anxiety and depression) among newly diagnosed ALS patients. An additional aim was also to investigate relatives’ experiences of the care for the patient and the support they received for themselves during the disease progression. The most nominated areas of importance for the patient’s overall QoL were family, friends and own physical health. Most patients rated their QoL as good, which did not change at subsequent measurement, despite their physical function having changed for the worse during disease progression. Some patients had symptoms of clinical anxiety and depression during the first year after diagnosis. The total quality of life score did not correlate with physical function but with depression early on after diagnosis. Most patients used support and independence as strategies to cope with the disease during the first six months after diagnosis. There were few changes early on after the diagnosis, and the patients used several different strategies. The results show that the use of coping strategies remained stable over time. Both physical function and emotional distress correlated significant with different coping strategies, with some variation during the disease progression. Relatives experienced the care of their loved one as positive and based on the patient’s needs and desires. The treatment, knowledge, support and help from the staff were important for the relatives’ feeling of security. Different factors influence the use of support for themselves. The relatives did not think of their own needs, but their focus was rather on the patient. The results of the thesis highlight the importance of providing support both to patients and their relatives during the disease progression. With early and regular evaluation on quality of life, coping and emotional well-being among the patients, the health professionals may be able to support the patients based on their specific needs, which probably will increase their quality of life.