京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19009号 / 工博第4051号 / 新制||工||1623(附属図書館) / 31960 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩田 博夫, 教授 田畑 泰彦, 教授 秋吉 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Past research has not evaluated the effectiveness of a remote behavior skills training (BST) package with pre-service special education teachers’ implementation of a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment (PA). Thus, this research was needed to evaluate the effectiveness of a remote BST package on pre-service special education teacher’s implementation of a MSWO PA. This study was conducted to first, evaluate the effects of pre-service special education teachers’ fidelity of conducting a MSWO PA using remote BST and next, to evaluate the intervention gains maintained over time, and last to determine if pre-service special education teachers believe the MSWO PA results in favorable social validity measures. The components of behavioral skills training used were remote instruction, remote video modeling, a remote quiz, and feedback. Results suggest that a remote BST package is a useful training strategy when teaching pre-service special education teachers PA. During 1-week follow-up across participants, each participant maintained their skills of implementation. Keywords: video conferencing, remote, BST, MSWO, multiple stimulus without replacement, preference assessment / Applied Behavioral Analysis

In this study automatic lexical simplification via synonym replacement in Swedish was investigated using three different strategies for choosing alternative synonyms: based on word frequency, based on word length, and based on level of synonymy. These strategies were evaluated in terms of standardized readability metrics for Swedish, average word length, proportion of long words, and in relation to the ratio of errors (type A) and number of replacements. The effect of replacements on different genres of texts was also examined. The results show that replacement based on word frequency and word length can improve readability in terms of established metrics for Swedish texts for all genres but that the risk of introducing errors is high. Attempts were made at identifying criteria thresholds that would decrease the ratio of errors but no general thresholds could be identified. In a final experiment word frequency and level of synonymy were combined using predefined thresholds. When more than one word passed the thresholds word frequency or level of synonymy was prioritized. The strategy was significantly better than word frequency alone when looking at all texts and prioritizing level of synonymy. Both prioritizing frequency and level of synonymy were significantly better for the newspaper texts. The results indicate that synonym replacement on a one-to-one word level is very likely to produce errors. Automatic lexical simplification should therefore not be regarded a trivial task, which is too often the case in research literature. In order to evaluate the true quality of the texts it would be valuable to take into account the specific reader. A simplified text that contains some errors but which fails to appreciate subtle differences in terminology can still be very useful if the original text is too difficult to comprehend to the unassisted reader.

The purpose of this study is to further understand the economic impact of the new on-board module-building cotton harvesters that both John Deere and Case IH have introduced to the market. This study will examine two different areas, the optimal asset replacement schedule and a machine’s performance rate’s effect on harvest costs due to rainfall loss. Using data collected from Willcut (2008), USDA crop progress reports, and a USDA weather station, models will be used to study the areas in question. The findings are that, the age of the associated assets begin replaced with the conventional harvester and the number of acres harvested a year have a clear impact on the replacement schedule. The second findings are that when weather conditions deteriorate later in the harvest season, the full benefits of a higher performance rate are seen when the new harvester is pushed to its full potential.

The start of the menopausal transition involves the introduction of various somatic, urogenital, and psychological symptoms; of the symptoms, irritability is one of the main complaints reported by women. The use of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy has become more prevalent in society, specifically treating the somatic and urogenital symptoms of the menopausal transition. This study aims to determine the effects of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) on irritability in menopausal women. To test the hypotheses, an online survey was distributed to women via social media and word-of-mouth. Participants were asked to respond to various questions, which were then analyzed based on BHRT use. An independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data. The results exemplified no significant relationship between BHRT and irritability; using BHRT does not significantly reduce irritability scores.

Att arbeta med ART metoden är en kvalitativ studie med syftet att ta reda på hur ett specifikt arbetslag arbetar med modellen Aggressive Replacement Training (ART) i en skolverksamhet. ART metoden är en beteendeförändringsmodell skapad för kriminella utåtagerande och aggressiva unga. Utveckling av ART metoden och dess anpassningsbarhet har gjort den till en arbetsmodell som används inom skolan, då modellen anses kunna ge alla barn och unga verktyg och träning i dess sociala och emotionella utveckling. Metoden innehåller de tre huvudkomponenterna: socialfärdighetsträning, känslokontrollträning och moralträning. Arbetslaget Trädet som deltar i studien arbetar endast aktivt med ART modellens sociala färdighetsträning och pedagogernas arbete med denna komponent presenteras i uppsatsens analysdel. Viktiga frågeställningar som ger information om det specifika arbetslagets arbete med ART modellen är följande: hur ser arbetslagets planering och genomförande av en ART lektion ut samt hur presenteras metoden och hur tas den emot av elever och föräldrar? Den information som presenteras i uppsatsavsnittet Tidigare forskning, bygger på metodböcker skrivna av modellutvecklare, dessa ger insikt i ART modellens bakgrund och grundtankar.

The elimination of products is an inevitable, but daunting, task. With rapid technological development, companies are pressured to introduce new product to the market at an increased frequency to maintain a competitive advantage. As new products are being introduces more frequently, removing older generations of products becomes a powerful tool to maintain operational efficiency and concentration of management efforts. Despite this, the topic of product elimination has been neglected in theory and remains a struggle for practitioners. Implementing a product elimination decision requires coordination of multiple actors throughout the supply chain with the objective of removing a product with minimal losses, while retaining customer goodwill and acceptance. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate current practices and challenges faced by large industrial organizations during the implementation of product elimination decisions. An in-depth case study was conducted to meet the purpose of this study, with a qualitative approach consisting of semi-structured interviews with departments that are central to the product elimination implementation process. The findings from the interviews were complemented with observations and data obtained from the ERP-system. The results indicate that having a planned phase out is preferred when implementing product elimination in a larger scale, i.e. eliminating a whole range as opposed to stand-alone products. Eliminating a range requires simultaneous management of multiple products that differ in volume and how they progress during the implementation. Changing material planning type was found to be a method for gradually reducing inventory levels and allowing a longer lead time on the products, giving customers incentive to purchase a more attractive replacement product. It was found that even within an individual organization, the procedures varies between product elimination cases, which makes them unique. Finally, inadequate internal communication channels and systems that supports the large scale implementation the case company faces, are major obstacles in the product elimination process. / Produkteliminering är en oundviklig, men skrämmande uppgift. Med snabb teknisk utveckling pressas företag att introducera nya produkter på marknaden med allt ökad frekvens för att upprätthålla konkurrensfördelar. När nya produkter introduceras oftare blir utfasning av äldre generationer av produkter ett kraftfullt verktyg för att upprätthålla driftseffektivitet och koncentration av ledningsinsatser. Trots detta har ämnet ignorerats i teorin och är fortfarande besvärligt i praktiken. Implementering av ett beslut om eliminering av produkter kräver samordning av flera aktörer i hela försörjningskedjan med målet att ta bort en produkt med minimala förluster samtidigt som kundens goodwill och acceptans behålls. Syftet med denna forskning var således att utvärdera nuvarande metoder och utmaningar som stora industriorganisationer möter under implementering av beslut om produkteliminering. En fördjupad fallstudie genomfördes för att uppfylla syftet med studien, med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt som består av halvstrukturerade intervjuer med avdelningar som är centrala för produktelimineringsprocessen. Resultaten från intervjuerna kompletterades med observationer och data från ERP-systemet. Resultaten indikerar att en planerad utfasning är att föredra vid implementering av produkteliminering i större skala, d.v.s. att eliminera ett produktsortiment snarare än enskilda produkter. Att eliminera ett produktsortiment kräver hantering av flera produkter samtidigt som skiljer sig åt i volym och hur de utvecklas under genomförandet. Förändring av materialplaneringstyp visade sig vara en metod för gradvis att minska lagernivåerna och möjliggöra en längre ledtid på produkterna, vilket ger kunderna incitament att köpa en mer attraktiv ersättningsprodukt. Det visade sig att även inom en enskild organisation varierar förfarandena från fall till fall, vilket gör varje utfasning unik. Det visade sig att även inom en enskild organisation varierar förfarandena från fall till fall, vilket gör varje utfasning unik. Slutligen är otillräckliga interna kommunikationskanaler och system som stöder storskalig implementering, stora hinder i produktelimineringsprocessen.

Iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretions in the Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah have been extensively researched as Martian analogues. However, the discovery of calcium carbonate concretions in areas such as Coyote Gulch, Utah, has encouraged recent studies to understand the relationship between calcium carbonate spheroidal concretions as possible precursors to iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretions, and to determine the fluid chemistries involved in diagenesis. This is important because nucleation and precipitation mechanisms of these spheroidal calcium carbonate and iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretions and fluid mechanisms in iron rich environments could affect the preservation of possible biosignatures in other subsurface features on Mars. The elemental and mineralogical compositions of the concretions were examined in order to determine physical and chemical features shared by the two types of concretions and did show that they share similar morphologies; however, the Coyote Gulch concretions are calcite cemented (~30 wt.%), with secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation and decreases in calcite in transects away from the calcium carbonate concretions. Several chemical and mineralogical differences exist between the two separate populations of concretions, possibly due to regional variability of reacting phases in fluid systems. Spring fluids emanating from the Navajo Sandstone in Coyote Gulch were tested to determine the fluids responsible for the development of any of the concretion mineralogies in the study area which could form in distinctive geochemical systems. Geochemical modeling performed in this research explored the question of fluid chemistry involved in concretion formation in the Navajo Sandstone and findings suggest that the calcite concretions formed prior to the precipitation of secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxides and may have provided a localized buffering environment for the precipitation of iron (oxyhydr)oxides. Paleofluid circulation, redox processes, and elemental mobility are examined using the geochemistry of Navajo Sandstone concretions and host rock. Various simulations applicable to diagenetic fluids in the studied concretions show the importance of salinity and pH in paleoaquifers in order to precipitate mineral assemblages similar to those found in the Navajo Sandstone. Widespread dissolution features, major and trace element distributions, and geochemical modeling identified feasible fluid-rock interactions in paleofluids, including the importance of limited H2S gas and the limited feasibility of hydrocarbon rich fluids in concretion formation using current data. A universal mechanism for calcium carbonate to iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretion formation could be applied on other planets and provide exciting implications in the search for carbon rich redox gradients which could support life in the subsurface of otherwise inhospitable planets.

Syftet med denna C-uppsats har varit att undersöka hur metoden Aggression Replacement Training (ART) används i arbetet med ungdomar. I ART tränas den unge i att förändra sitt aggressiva beteende och sina värderingar och ersätta dessa med positiva tankar och handlingar. Metoden är multimodal vilket innebär att den kombinerar olika delar i en och samma metod för att genom strukturerade övningar komma fram till bäst resultat. I vår undersökning har vi gjort fem kvalitativa intervjuer som vi sedan har jämfört med varandra och tidigare forskning. Vi fann att killar var överrepresenterade på ART träningen, att killar tenderar vara mer aggressiva och utåtagerande än tjejer. För övrigt användes metoden på samma sätt oavsett om det var killar eller tjejer i gruppen. Dock menar en av våra informanter att han ser att trenden håller på att förändras och att fler tjejer är utåtagerande än tidigare. Teorin och våra informanter visar att ett hållbart resultat av ART främst uppnås genom användning av alla tre komponenterna: socialfärdighetsträning, ilskekontroll samt moralträning. Forskning visar också på att det aggressiva beteendet är grundlagt i hemmet och att detta går att förändras genom träning och positiv förstärkning. Slutligen är det viktigt med ett nätverk och den unges motivation för att lyckas förändra sitt beteende.